Big Brand Failures; Lessons to

Learn From
A good marketing strategy is the most effective way to increase the brand
awareness. But, when the marketing strategies go wrong and turn into a
marketing failure then it can be the major reason behind the fall of your brand.
Maintaining the brand value and strategy is a challenging journey, even when
you reach great heights. Always take the right decision as single marketing
blunder can destroy your brand completely.
In this age of rapidly changing technology either you have to adapt the change
with time or you fail. Those who refuse to improve become redundant and
irrelevant to the industry one day.

This case study talks about how fairly large marketing mistakes of big brands
leaded to their devastation. If we come to seek examples there are many, yet
here we have picked up 3 known names, Kingfisher, Kodak and Nokia, whose
stories are mere enough to let you know the failure reasons.

1) The Rise, Dominance and Fall of

Kingfisher

About Kingfisher

In 2003, Kingfisher Airlines Limited was founded by Vijay Malllya as a premium

and world-class airline group. The airline was based in Bangalore India and had
more than 400 flights per day (Domestic & International). It used to be the most
admired name in Asia-Pacific region.
 The Rise of Kingfisher Airlines
On its peak time, it was the 2nd largest airline, in terms of carrying the number of
passengers. The quality and comfortable service attracted many passengers in
the initial years. And, then the Kingfisher acquired Air Deccan in 2007.
In just 3 years after touching the skies, the first international Bengaluru-London
flight in 2008 was launched.

Marketing Strategy
They promoted the brand through all media channels like Radio, Television, Print,
Multiplexes, Malls and in their In-flight magazines too.

 In just 2 years, the airlines achieved the aviation market share of 10%.
 During 2007, they had the most aggressive expansion plans of all Indian
carriers.
 In June 2007, their influence in the market was increased with the
acquisition of 26% shareholding of Air Deccan Airlines.
 During February 2009, more than 900,000 passengers flew with Kingfisher
giving it the highest marketing share in India.
How Brand turned into Non-Performing
Asset?
 By the end of the March 2008, company was under the debt of INR 934 cr
and net losses continued to widen in the following financial year.
 Acquisition of Air Deccan marked the end of Kingfisher Airlines. By the
year 2009-10, airlines accumulated the debt of over INR 7,000 cr as the losses
continued to pile up. 2010 was the year when it turned into a non-performing
asset for banks.
 In 2012, the airlines operations were shut down as the DGCA suspended
its flying license.
What Went Wrong?
 Lack of Delegation.
 Low-cost airline aviation airline, Air Deccan was treated as a step-child.
The major reason that the brand was grounded was that it wasn’t just into one
business and trying hands on more than one business. The founder was taking
care of different businesses personally without appointing proper CEOs and
couldn’t succeed in doing so. And, it’s pretty obvious that if two brands serve
almost the same service, then people would rather prefer the cheaper one.
 2) How Kodak couldn’t evolve with time and
failed?
About Kodak

The American technology company, Kodak, was built on the culture of innovation
and change in 1888. The company was invented and marketed by George
Eastmen who was a former bank clerk from New York. At that time, it used to be
a simple box camera, loaded with 100-exposure roll of film.
Kodak held a dominant position in photographic film in its time. Its tagline “Kodak
Moments” was so famous that it was used for promoting events.
Marketing Strategy of Kodak
The real genius of founder Eastman lied in his marketing strategy. He launched
an advertising campaign which featured children and women operating the
camera with a slogan, “You press the button, we do the rest.”
 In 1935, produced the first mass-market color film in 16 and 8mm.
 Kodak owned the film market with 90% market share in 1970s.
 Created the first digital camera in 1975.
How Kodak Failed?
The first digital camera was designed by a Kodak engineer, Steve Sasson in
1975. It was a filmless photography at that time so they didn’t want to threaten
their film business so didn’t do the marketing of the Digital camera. Whereas,
other digital companies like Sony, Nikon, Fujifilm took the full advantage of the
situation.
Kodak missed the opportunities in the technology, they themselves
invented.
 Kodak couldn’t get on the nerve of the modern technology and remained
in denial for long about digital photography while all the other brands adapted the
change by introducing electronic cameras.
 Even before the digital photography they were failing to keep up as its
rivalry Fujifilm started doing a better job than them.
1. In January 2012, the big name went bankrupt because of not making the
smart move into the digital world fast enough.
2. On February 9, 2012, Kodak announced that it will exit the digital image
capture business.
What Went Wrong?
The Kodak failed due its slowness in transition. The world moved ahead with
digital cameras, SD cards and USB cables but the company remained stuck with
films. They didn’t know how to respond in time and technology eventually killed
the Kodak films.

3) How Nokia got acquired by Microsoft?

About Nokia
Nokia Corporation was founded in 1865 in Finland. The company was formally
known as Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT). The company name was changed to
Nokia in 1871. They built the first international mobile phone in 1981 and this
marked the beginning of the mobile era.
The Rise of Nokia, Connecting People
 Nokia phone was used in 1991 for making the first GSM call.
 In 1992, they launched Nokia 1101, the first GSM handset which became
an instant hit.
 In 1988, Nokia became the world leader in mobile phones.
Marketing Strategy
 Nokia’s Marketing share grew to 74% in March 2006 from 61.5%in
October 2005.
 In the color phone category, market share jumped to 59.3% from 40.9%.
The Fall of Nokia
Nokia used to own a large portion of market of smartphone before the iPhone
came out in market in 2007. Their refusal to change and learn new things lost
their survival and this ultimately leaded to their demise.
 It used to be the leader in its market whereas Samsung was nowhere to be seen.
But, Samsung made the move at the right time and gained the success.

What Went Wrong?

The pioneer brand failed to respond to the completely changed smartphones with
full touchscreen and application based operating system. The years passed and
they didn’t keep up with the expectation of people and the consumers shifted.

They remained their focus on the Symbian series. Until 2011, company didn’t
make the leap of faith onto the Windows phone and due to their slow response
they suffered such demise.

 Nokia got acquired by Microsoft in 2013.

And as we conclude, we look forward to the statement made by Stephen Elop,
Nokia’s CEO in his speech when Nokia got acquired by Microsoft that “we didn’t
do anything wrong, but somehow, we lost”. And, as far as the parameters on
which success is measured, he was right somewhere that they didn’t do anything
wrong, it’s just that they were unable to adapt the change at the right time and
so, lost.
The unwillingness to embrace the needed marketing change when required was
probably the main cause that turned these brands down. One needs to think and
act holistically for growing the brand with time otherwise, if you don’t change, you
will definitely get removed from the competition.