TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Objective of the Experiment

 Equipment Required
 Software Used
 Bill of Materials
 Theory and Pin Configuration
 Procedure
 Code with Comments
 Results
 Problems faced during experimental design
 Conclusion

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OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT:-

To monitor the heart beat rate of human subject.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:-

 AT89S51 micro-controller
 8051 development board
 8051 USB programmer
 Heart beat sensor
 Breadboard
 2-digit seven segment LED display
 Transistors
 Jumpers
 Resistors (1k,470)
 Connecting wires

SOFTWARE USED:-

 Proteus 8 Professional
 WLPRO 8051 USB programmer
 Keil uVision5

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BILL OF MATERIALS:-

Serial No. Name of the Quantity Cost(in rupees)

material

1 AT89S51 1 95

2 DEVELOPMENT 1 220
BOARD

3 HEART PULSE 1 325

SENSOR

4 7 SEGMENT 2 30
DISPLAY

5 BREAD BOARD 1 100

TOTAL COST 770

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THEORY AND PIN CONFIGURATIONS:-

AT89S51 micro-controller:
TIMER T1 AND TIMER T0:
Here we have used both Timer T1 and Timer T0. The Timer T1
is used as mode 2 counter and Timer 0 is used as mode 1 timer. Then the counter is
started with initial value of 0000. Since 8051 has 16-bit timers, the maximum count
that they can go up to is65536. The frequency provided to the timer internally is
1MHz. So, the 16-bit timer can provide a maximum delay of 65ms. Hence it was then
iterated 230 times to create a delay of 15s. after 15 s of delay the counter and the
timer was stopped and the content of the counter gave the no of heart beats in 15s
which was then multiplied by 4 to get the no of heart beats per minute in BPM.

Fig 1: Pin diagram of AT89S51

Specifications:-
Operational Temperature: 0° to 70° C

Operational voltage: `4V-5.5V

Operational current: max 1mA

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HEART-BEAT SENSOR:

PRINCIPLE:- The heartbeat sensor is based on the principle of photo

plethysmography. It measures the change in volume of blood through any organ of the
body. The heart beat sensor circuit diagram comprises a light detector and a bright red
LED. The LED needs to be of super bright intensity because maximum light passes
and spreads if a finger placed on the LED is detected by the detector. When the heart
pumps blood through the blood vessels, the finger becomes slightly more opaque; due
to this, less amount of light reaches from the LED to the detector. With every heart
pulse generated, the detector signal gets varied. The varied detector signal is
converted into an electrical pulse. This electrical signal gets amplified and triggered
through an amplifier which gives an output of +5V logic level signal.

PINS OF HEART RATE SENSOR:-

Pin description:-

GND: Ground
Vcc: power

S: signal connected to P3.5 of AT89S51

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 Fig 2:- Internal Structure of Heart Beat Sensor

SEVEN SEGMENT LED DISPLAY:-

We have used 2 no.s of common anode 7 segment displays
connected parallelly.

Pin description:-
P2: Data lines of 7 segment led
P1.0: common anode of 1st digit segment(Vcc)
P1.1:common anode of 2nd digit segment(Vcc)

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PROCEDURE :-

❖ A new project was created on Proteus using AT89C51 as the microcontroller model.
The necessary circuit diagram was made as shown in Figure 1.

❖ The code was written in the Keil software and a hex file was created as there was
no error in the code. Then the simulation was tested in the Proteus .

❖ The hex file was burnt into the microcontroller(AT89S51) using the USB
programmer module.

❖ The hardware connections for the 7 segment displays was done on the breadboard.

❖ The hardware circuit was then designed by interfacing display part and the heart
beat sensor with 8051.

❖ Then the circuit was run and tested for errors which were rectified to obtain the
final product.

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CODE WITH COMMENTS:-

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RESULTS:-
The simulation was made by interfacing the required components as necessary for the
circuit. The circuit design of the simulation environment is shown in the figure 3 and
the next following figure 4 shows the working of the heart beat rate in the simulation.
The results of the simulation obtained were exactly as per the desired requirement.
The actual hardware circuit is shown by the figure 5.

Fig 3:- Proteus Simulation of the Heart Beat monitor circuit

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Figure 4:- LED output of the simulation in BPS for a pulse frequency of 1Hz

Fig 5:- Hardware Setup

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PROBLEMS FACED DURING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:-

 The processor that we used in the simulation AT89C51, but we have used
AT89S51 in the hardware designing. It still gives the desired result.
 There was no library for heart rate sensor in the proteus software. Then we
add the sensor to the library by downloading from the internet.
 The sensor gives digital output when fingertip is pressed on it. But in
simulation , we cannot give physical input to the sensor. So we used a digital
pulse generator to give input to the microcontroller.
 For different input, we changed the frequency of pulse generator and
observed the output.
 We could not find the 3 digit 7 segment display due to its unavailability. So
we used 3 individual 7 segment displays. The connection of three 7 segment
LED displays was done parallelly. So this required extra connection and due
to this complexity there was problem displaying the heart beat rate.
 The heart pulse sensor was very sensitive to light so it was giving the output
heart rate with some margin of error.

CONCLUSION:-

So finally we are successful in developing a human heart beat monitor system using

8051 microcontroller. The future development like to send the heart beat data of a

patient to the concerned doctor at a regular interval can be done on this

project that will help the patient to check on his heart beat without visiting the

doctor.

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