Y BUS Building ELEC4612 Power System Ana

ELEC4612 – Power System Analysis
YBUS building
Dr Jayashri Ravishankar
jayashri.ravishankar@unsw.edu.au
Node Equations
• When the PS is represented by impedance diagram,

it can be considered as a circuit or network.
• The buses can be treated as nodes and the
voltages of all buses can be solved by conventional
nodal analysis.
• Nodal analysis is based on KCL and hence analysis
is easier if impedances are converted to
admittances.
• The admittance between buses and
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Admittance Matrix (Ybus)
• Draw the impedance diagram from the OLD.

• Obtain the admittances of the individual elements and
convert the impedance diagram to admittance diagram,
by replacing voltage sources with current sources.
• Apply KCL to all independent nodes (buses).

• Finally, arrange the node equations in matrix form.
[Ibus] = [Ybus] [Vbus]
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Extending this for a n-bus system,
Or
Ibus is the vector of injected bus currents (external sources).
The current is positive when flowing towards the bus and
negative if flowing away from the bus.
Ybus is the bus admittance matrix.
4
Ybus by inspection
Can be used only if there is no mutual coupling between the

lines.
1. Obtain the admittances of the individual elements
2. Diagonal elements (self-admittance or driving point
admittance) is the sum of admittances of all elements
connect to a node, including admittance between the node
and ground (node 0)
3. Off-diagonal elements (mutual or transfer admittance) is

equal to the negative of the admittance between the nodes
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Example 1
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Impact of Shunt Branches
• Shunt admittances are added to the diagonal elements

corresponding to the nodes at which they are connected.
• The off-diagonal elements are unaffected.
• Shunt admittances are seen when the transmission line
is modelled as a PI- or T- network.
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Systems with Mutual Coupling
• Invert the primitive impedance matrices of the network

branches to obtain the corresponding primitive
admittance matrices.
• Two mutually coupled branches have a 2 x 2 matrix,
three mutually coupled branches have a 3 x 3 matrix,
and so on.
• Multiply the elements of each primitive admittance matrix
by the 2 X 2 building block matrix. Take care to label
from dotted to undotted terminal.
• Combine by adding together, those elements with
identical row and column labels to obtain the Ybus
matrix.
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Primitive admittance matrix for three mutually
coupled branches
9
Building Block Matrix
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Example 2
Two branches having impedances equal to 0.25 pu

are coupled through mutual impedance ZM = 0.15 pu
as shown. Find the Ybus matrix for the mutually
coupled branches.
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Tap Changing Transformer
y
V1 V2
Bus 1 t1 Bus 2
I2
I1
• t1 is the ratio of the per-unit voltage on the left-hand-side of the ideal

transformer to the per-unit voltage on the right-hand-side of the ideal
transformer. y is the transformer admittance.
• This means that the secondary side of the ideal transformer has
voltage (1/t1)V1 and current of t1I1.
t1I1
y
V1 V2
V1/t1
Bus 1 t1
I2 Bus 2
I1
• We can express the current t1I1 using Ohm’s Law:

V1
t1 I 1 V2 y
t1 (1)
12
• Dividing through by t1 and expanding the right-hand-side yields:
y y (2)
I1 V
2 1
V2 t1I1
t1 t1 y
V1 V2
• Now express the current I2: Bus 1 t1
V1/t1
I2 Bus 2
V1 y (3) I1
I2 V2 y V2 y V1
t1 t1
• We can re-write eqs. (2) and (3) in matrix form as:
y y
I1 t12 t1 V1
I2 y V2
y (4)
t1
• The equivalent circuit for Ybus calculation now becomes,

I1 I2
y/t1
V1 V1
y1 y2
13
I1 I2
y/t1
y y
t12 t1
V1 V1 Ybus
y1 y2 y
y
t1
y y y
Comparing, we have, 2
y1 & y y2
t1 t1 t1
Solving the above for y1 & y2 result in:
y y 1 t1 y t1 1
y1 2
y 2
y2 y y
t1 t1 t1 t1 t1
I1 I2
y/t1
V1 1 t1 t1 1 V1
y y
t12 t1
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Example 3
(a) Obtain the admittance matrix for the network shown. The values
given are admittances.
(b) Recalculate the admittance matrix by considering an off-nominal tap
transformer between buses 3 and 4 with t1=1.02.
1 1-j4 3 4
I1 2-j3
2 I4
2-j4 2-j5
I2 I3
j0.1 j0.4
j0.2 j0.3

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ELEC4612 – Power System Analysis

• When the PS is represented by impedance diagram,

• Draw the impedance diagram from the OLD.

• Apply KCL to all independent nodes (buses).

Can be used only if there is no mutual coupling between the

3. Off-diagonal elements (mutual or transfer admittance) is

• Shunt admittances are added to the diagonal elements

• Invert the primitive impedance matrices of the network

Two branches having impedances equal to 0.25 pu

• t1 is the ratio of the per-unit voltage on the left-hand-side of the ideal

• We can express the current t1I1 using Ohm’s Law:

• The equivalent circuit for Ybus calculation now becomes,

School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications

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