1.

Efisiensi Motor Listrik

1. Motor Listrik Arus Searah

a. Motor Listrik DC penguatan terpisah

2𝜋𝑛
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑒𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑘 𝑇 60
𝜂= = × 100%
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑉𝑡 × 𝐼𝑎 ) + (𝑉𝑓 × 𝐼𝑓 )

b. Motor Listrik DC penguatan shunt

2𝜋𝑛
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑒𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑘 𝑇 60
𝜂𝑐 = = × 100%
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑉𝑡 × 𝐼𝐿

IL = Ia + If

c. Motor Listrik DC penguatan seri

2𝜋𝑛
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑒𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑘 𝑇 60
𝜂𝑐 = = × 100%
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑉𝑡 × 𝐼𝐿

IL = Ia = If

Keterangan:
η= Efisiensi
T = Torka [N.m]
n = putaran motor [rpm]
Vt= Tegangan terminal / tegangan sumber [Volt]
Ia = Arus jangkar [Ampere]
If = Arus eksitasi [Ampere]
Vf = [Tegangan eksitasi [Volt]
IL = Arus line [Ampere]
2. Motor Induksi 3 Fasa
2𝜋𝑛
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑒𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑘 𝑇 60
𝜂= = × 100%
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 √3 × 𝑉𝑡 × 𝐼𝐿 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜑

Keterangan:
η= Efisiensi
T = Torka [N.m]
n = putaran motor [rpm]
Vt= Tegangan terminal [Volt]
IL = Arus line [Ampere]

Cos𝜑 = Faktor Daya

2. Efisiensi Tungku
1. Tungku Elektrik (elemen pemanas resistif)
𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑃𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑢 𝑚 × 𝐶𝑝 × ∆𝑇
𝜂𝑡ℎ = = × 100%
𝐾𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖 𝐿𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑘 𝑉×𝐼×𝑡
Keterangan:
m = massa benda [kg]
Cp = Kalor jenis [J/kg°C]
∆T= Perubahan Temperatur [°C]
V = Tegangan [Volt]
I = Arus [Ampere]
t = Waktu [detik]

2. Tungku Bahan Bakar Minyak, Gas, Padat

𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑃𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑢 𝑚 × 𝐶𝑝 × ∆𝑇
𝜂𝑡ℎ = = × 100%
𝐾𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖 𝐵𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑟 𝑚 𝑥 𝐿𝐻𝑉
Keterangan:
LHV= Lower Heating Value [kJ/kg]
3. Efisiensi Boiler
𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑈𝑎𝑝 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑖𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑖𝑡𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑚 × (ℎ𝑔 − ℎ𝑓)
𝜂= = × 100%
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝐵𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑟 𝑚 × 𝐿𝐻𝑉
Keterangan:
ṁ = Laju alir massa [kg/detik]
hg = Entalpi uap air jenuh [kJ/kg]
hf = Entalpi air umpan [kJ/kg]
LHV = Low Heating Value [kJ/kg]

4. Efisiensi Pompa
𝜌×𝑔×𝑄×𝐻
𝜂= × 100%
𝑃
Keterangan:
ρ = massa jenis cairan [kg/m3]
g = Percepatan gravitasi [m/s2]
Q = Laju alir volume [m3/s]
H = Head [meter]
P = Daya input yang menggerakan pompa [Watt]

5. COP dari Pompa Kalor

1. COP aktual
𝑄𝑐
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊
Keterangan:
Qc = Panas dihilangkan dari reservoir dingin [Watt]
W = Kerja kompresor [Watt]

2. COP carnot
𝑇𝑐
𝐶𝑂𝑃 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 =
𝑇ℎ − 𝑇𝑐
Tc = Temperatur dingin [Kelvin]
Th = Temperatur panas [Kelvin]

6. Efisiensi Generator Sinkron

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 √3 × 𝑉𝑡 × 𝐼𝐿 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜑
𝜂= = × 100%
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝜏×𝜔
keterangan:
τ = Torka [N.m]
ω = Kecepatan sudut [rad/detik]

7. Efisiensi Siklus Brayton

𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐶𝑝[(𝑇3 − 𝑇2) − (𝑇4 − 𝑇1)] 𝑇4 − 𝑇1

𝜂𝑡ℎ = = =1−
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑝[𝑇3 − 𝑇2] 𝑇3 − 𝑇2

8. Efisiensi Transformator

𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 (𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡)

𝜂= =
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 (𝑉𝐴)
9. Efisiensi Mesin Disel

𝑄1 + 𝑄2
𝜂=
𝑄1

𝑄1 = 𝐶𝑝(𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇𝑏)

𝑄2 = 𝐶𝑣(𝑇𝑎 − 𝑇𝑑)
−𝛾 −𝛾
1 𝑟 − 𝑟𝑐
𝜂 = 1 − 𝐸−𝛾
𝛾 𝑟𝐸 − 𝑟𝑐−𝛾

Keterangan:

γ = Rasio kapasitas panas, udara standar: 1,4

rc= Kompresi rasio

rE =Rasio ekspansi