1. WHAT IS MOTION?

In physics, motion is the change in the position of an object over time. Motion is
mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, speed,
and time. The motion of a body is observed by attaching a frame of reference to an observer and
measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame.

If the position of an object is not changing relatively to a given frame of reference, the object is
said to be at rest, motionless, immobile, stationary, or to have a constant or time-
invariant position with reference to its surroundings. As there is no absolute frame of
reference, absolute motion cannot be determined.[1] Thus, everything in the universe can be
considered to be in motion.[2]:20–21

Motion applies to various physical systems: to objects, bodies, matter particles, matter fields,
radiation, radiation fields, radiation particles, curvature and space-time. One can also speak of
motion of images, shapes and boundaries. So, the term motion, in general, signifies a continuous
change in the positions or configuration of a physical system in space. For example, one can talk
about motion of a wave or about motion of a quantum particle, where the configuration consists
of probabilities of occupying specific positions.

2. GIVE TWO ILLUSTRATION/PICTURES OF OBJECT THAT ARE IN MOTION

 3. WHAT IS DISTANCE? WHAT IS DISPLACEMENT?

We define distance as a scalar expression; that implies how much area is covered by an
object while travelling from one location to another. As a scalar measure, it takes into account
the magnitude only and not the direction. So, it gives the numerical value of the amount of space
between two points, at a given time, considering the actual path. The SI unit of distance is
meters.

Displacement means the change in position of someone or something, in a particular

direction. It is the shortest length measured from its initial position to the final position of the
moving body. It is a vector quantity, so it takes into account both magnitude and direction of the
object. The magnitude of displacement refers to the linear distance between two points.

In general, measurement of displacement is done along the straight line, although, its
measurement can also be done along curved paths. Further, the measurement is done considering
a reference point.

4. DIFFERENTIATE DISTANCE FROM DISPLACEMENT

Distance is a scalar quantity and displacement is a vector quantity.

Distance has only magnitude. It measures the actual ground covered. Distance can only be
positive.
Displacement is measured with reference to a specific point. It is a straight line from the starting
point (origin) to the end point. It is therefore also the shortest distance between two points. If the
displacement vector is away from the reference point (aka datum) it is often defined as positive
and if toward it is defined as negative.
It is possible to have an average displacement equal to zero if the object starts and ends in the
same position.
Displacement is used in considerations of oscillations (including waves). The reference point is
the equilibrium position for the oscillator. Displacements above the equilibrium (if above is
appropriate) are positive and below the equilibrium are negative.
 5. WHAT IS SPEED? WHAT IS VELOCITY?
Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time. It is how fast an object is moving. Speed
is the scalar quantity that is the magnitude of the velocity vector. It doesn't have a direction.
Higher speed means an object is moving faster. Lower speed means it is moving slower. If it isn't
moving at all, it has zero speed.
Velocity is defined as a vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion. Put
simply, velocity is the speed at which something moves in a particular direction, such as the
speed of a car traveling north on a major freeway, or the speed a rocket travels as it launches into
space. The scalar (absolute value) magnitude of the velocity vector is the speed of the motion.

6. DIFFERENTIATE SPEED FROM VELOCITY

Speed is how fast an object is moving. It is calculated by the displacement of space per a
unit of time. Velocity is the rate at which an object changes position in a certain direction. It is
calculated by the displacement of space per a unit of time in a certain direction. Velocity deals
with direction, while speed does not.

Velocity is the speed with a direction, while speed does not have a direction. Speed is a
scalar quantity—it is the magnitude of the velocity. Speed is measured in units of distance
divided by time (e.g., miles per hour, feet per second, meters per second, etc.). Velocity is a
vector quantity—when giving the velocity we must specify the magnitude (the speed) and the
direction of travel. For example you might drive 100km/hr (the speed) in a northerly direction.
This is analogous to the difference between distance (a scalar quantity) and displacement (the
distance with direction).

7. WHAT IS ACCELERATION? WHAT DO YOU THINK CAUSES AN OBJECT

TO ACCELERATE?

Compared to displacement and velocity, acceleration is like the angry, fire-breathing

dragon of motion variables. It can be violent; some people are scared of it; and if it's big, it forces
you to take notice. That feeling you get when you're sitting in a plane during take-off, or
slamming on the brakes in a car, or turning a corner at a high speed in a go kart are all situations
where you are accelerating. Acceleration is the name we give to any process where the velocity
changes. Since velocity is a speed and a direction, there are only two ways for you to accelerate:
change your speed or change your direction—or change both.
If you’re not changing your speed and you’re not changing your direction, then you simply
cannot be accelerating—no matter how fast you’re going. So, a jet moving with a constant
velocity at 800 miles per hour along a straight line has zero acceleration, even though the jet is
moving really fast, since the velocity isn’t changing. When the jet lands and quickly comes to a
stop, it will have acceleration since it’s slowing down.

Newton's second law of motion pertains to the behavior of objects for which all existing
forces are not balanced. The second law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent
upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object. The
acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting upon the object, and
inversely upon the mass of the object. As the force acting upon an object is increased, the
acceleration of the object is increased. As the mass of an object is increased, the acceleration of
the object is decreased.
 ASSIGNMENT

IN
MECHANICS AND HEAT

PATRICK JAYSON L. MENDI MS. DIWATA

BSIT FOOD TECH 2F