Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology

PHARMACOLOGY

DRUG STUDY

Brand Name: _Septra, Bactrim_________________________________ Generic Name: _Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole______ Drug Classification: _Antibiotic_________________

Dosage, Route & Frequency Drug-Drug & Drug-Food Side Effects Adverse Reactions (By
Drug Action Indications Contraindications
Recommended Prescribed Interactions (By System) System)
injected solution Blocks 2 consecutive steps in  Antibiotics (such  Used to  Patient allergic to  Nausea  Anorexia
(16mg/80mg)/mL the biosynthesis of nucleic as rifampin, rifabutin) treat a wide sulfa medications or  Vomiting  Nausea
acids and proteins essential to can decrease their variety trimethoprim. This  Diarrhea  Vomiting
oral suspension many bacteria  Vertigo
(40mg/200mg)/5mL
effectiveness. of bacterial product may contain  Loss of appetite
 Seizure
Trimethoprim: Inhibits infections (s inactive ingredients,  serious side
 Erythema
Tablet dihydrofolate reductase, uch as which can cause effects, including:  Hyperkalemia
80mg/400mg thereby blocking production of middle ear, allergic reactions or muscle weakness,  Rash
160mg/800mg tetrahydrofolic acid from urine, other problems. mental/mood  Urticaria
dihydrofolic acid respiratory,  If patient
Dosing Guidelines changes, signs  Immunehypersensit
for Infections and have diabetes, this of kidney problems ivity reaction
Sulfamethoxazole: Inhibits
bacterial synthesis of intestinal product may affect (such as change in  Stevens-Johnson
1-2 DS tablets PO dihydrofolic acid by competing infections). It your blood sugar. the amount of syndrome
q12-24hr with para-aminobenzoic acid is also used  Patient having urine, blood in the
8-20 mg to prevent kidney disease and urine), extreme
TMP/kg/day IV q6- Absorption
and treat a liver disease. drowsiness, signs
12hr
Time to peak: 1-4 hours certain type  Limit your time in the of low blood
Chronic Bronchitis of sun. Avoid tanning sugar (such as
Distribution pneumonia (
DS tablet: 1 PO booths and sudden sweating,
q12h for 10-14 days Protein bound: TMP (44%); pneumocysti sunlamps. This shaking, fast
SMX (70%) s-type). medication may heartbeat, hunger,
Meningitis, Bacterial
make you more blurred
Metabolism
10-20 mg sensitive to the sun. vision, dizziness, or
TMP/kg/day IV Hepatic  This medication tingling hands/feet).
divided q6-12hr Enzymes inhibited: Hepatic should not be used
CYP2C9 in children less than
Elimination 2 months of age due
to the risk of serious
Half-life: TMP (8-10 hr); SMX side effects.
(10 hr)
 Excretion: Urine (as
unchanged drug)

Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE) Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Patient/family teaching

A: • Continue medication for full length of therapy.

• Obtain history for hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or any sulfonamide, sulfite • Space doses evenly around the clock.
sensitivity, bronchial asthma.
• Take oral doses with 8 oz water and drink several extra glasses of
• Determine serum renal, hepatic, hematologic baselines. water daily.

I and E: • Report immediately any new symptoms, esp. rash, other skin changes,
bleeding/bruising, fever, sore throat, diarrhea.
• Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity, stool consistency.
• Avoid prolonged exposure to UV, direct sunlight.
• Assess skin for rash, pallor, purpura.

• Check IV site, flow rate.

• Monitor renal, hepatic, hematology function.

• Assess I&O.

• Check for CNS symptoms (headache, vertigo, insomnia, hallucinations).

• Monitor vital signs at least twice daily.

• Monitor for cough, shortness of breath.

• Assess for overt bleeding, ecchymosis, edema.