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Lab Fluid Mechanic 1
Lab Fluid Mechanic 1
The aim of this experiment is to determine the specific gravity by hydrometer then
converted it for density of liquid by equation.
Theory:
A hydrometer measures the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids; that is, the
ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water. Hydrometers are primarily
used to determine the density of an unknown liquid. Specific Gravity = Density g/cm3
over 1 g/cm3
The device simply consists of a weighted, stem, long-necked glass bulb immersed in
the measured fluid; the flotation depth indicates liquid volume, and the neck can be
calibrated to read pressure, actual gravity, and any other associated feature.
This principle states that a body (the hydrometer) immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by
a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. The hydrometer measures the
weight of the liquid displaced by the volume of the hydrometer.
1
Apparatus:
Materials:
Fresh water: it is a water with less than about 600ppm total dissolves solids.Suitable
for drinking. Fig 3
Salt water: it is a water that contains a large quantity of salt like as brine. Fig 4
Diesel fuel: a light hydrocarbon mixture for diesel engines, it has a boiling range just
above that of kerosene. Fig 5
2
Procedure:
Give the cylinder and fill it by 500cc of fresh water, salt water or diesel.
Determine which hydrometer is used for test for determination a scale.
Gradually immerse the hydrometer into the center of the cylinder until the
surface level directly contacts the stem.
Keep the hydrometer free-floating in the center of the cylinder.
Then measure the specific gravity on the scale of hydrometer.
After measurement, carefully remove the hydrometer from the cylinder by the
stem.
3
Calculation:
4
Result and Discussion:
Table 1 result
Volume=cc , density=mass/volume
Sp(specific gravity)=gm/cc
Density=gm/cc
Discussion:
5
Conclusion:
In this lab experiment we learned how to use a hydrometer and reading that to
determination of fluid density at the lab experiment. Each hydrometer has a range
special scale for a special fluid. If we know specific gravity by hydrometer ,we can
find a density of fluid then find a mass of fluid.
References:
Hydrometer | measurement instrument. n.d. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/hydrometer, October 7, 2019.