3.4.

2 Boiling Point

Figure 3.6 : Show the Boiling point water

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid
equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor The boiling point of a
liquid varies depending on the surrounding environmental pressure A liquid in a partial vacuum has
a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospherie has a higher boiling point than when
that liquid is at pressure. A liquid at high pressure atmospheric pressure. For a given pressure,
different liquids boil at different temperatures.

The normal boiling point (also called the atmospheric boiling point or the atmospheric pressure
boiling point) of a liquid is the special case in which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the
defined atmospheric pressure at sea level, 1 atmosphere. At that temperature, the vapor pressure
of the liquid hecomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and allow bubbles of vapor to
form inside the bulk of the liquid. The standard boiling point has been defined by IUPAC since 1982
as the temperature at which boiling occurs under a pressure of 1 bar.

Liquids may change to a vapor at temperatures below their boiling points through the process of
evaporation. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon in which molecules the liquid's edge, located
near not contained by enough liquid pressure on that side, escape into the On the other hand,
boiling is a process in which molecules the liquid escape, resulting in the formation of vapor bubbles
within the liquid. surroundings as vapor anywhere in the liquid escape, resulting in the information
of vapour bubbles within the liquid.
3.4.4 Turbidity

Figure 3.7 : High turbidity and low turbidity

Turbidity is commonly treated using either a settling or filtration process. In-situ water treatment
or direct dosing for the treatment of turbidity is common when the affected water bodies are
dispersed (ie there are numerous water bodies spread out over a geographical area, such as small
drinking water reservoirs), when the problem is not consistent (ie when there is turbidity in a water
body only during and after the wet season) or when a low cost solution is required. In-situ
treatment of turbidity involves the addition of a reagent, generally a flocculants, evenly dispensed
over the surface of the body of water. The flocks then settle at the bottom of the water body where
they remain or are removed when the water body is drained. This method is commonly used at coal
mines and coal loading facilities where storm water collection ponds have seasonal issues with
turbidity. A number of companies offer portable treatment systems for in-situ water treatment or
direct dosing of reagents.
3.5 Model Designing

Figure 3.8: Smart Water Converter

To start creating a model, there are certain things that had to be clarified such as its purpose, size,
and power source and so on. Either way, the main objective which to have a device that can
produce drinkable water is still remain as the main goal. Ice breaking session is made to discuss and
share any thoughts to obtain results that are appropriate to our model. After identifying the
appropriate form, the model was designed as such in Figure 3.8