Notes of Pakistan Studies BBA 2nd Semester Class No.

PAKISTAN IDEOLOGY
Ideology
In social science, the meaning and definition of term ideology is a complex perception; As it brings
a great deal of controversy among scholars. Autoine destull de Tracy1 defined it as Science of ideas
meaning thereby as the study of the origins, evolution and nature of ideas. To Karl Marx2 ideology
means the ideas of ruling junta/party who seeks to perpetuate the prevailing order of capitalism
and their own privileged position. Karl Mannheim3 took a similar view of ideology by defining it
is the conservative, self-seeking and biased views of dominant class in a society.
In the view of different approach towards the meaning of ideology, the definition can, however,
be evolved to reach a conclusion. In societal context, Ideology is a one of different form of
comprehensive pattern of moral beliefs about man, society and universe or it is often understood
as cultural and social program of any political movement to emancipate the suppressed group/class
from the exploitation of a more dominant class. A political ideology is a system of beliefs that
explain and justifies a preferred political order, either existing or proposed, and offers a strategy
for its attainment.
Emergence of Ideology
Ideology refers to the way of thinking of a nation or social group who has been rejected from their
due social position. It grows amongst the dissatisfied and disgruntled group of society as a
challenge to the prevailing social setup. In short, Ideologies arise in times of crisis and social stress.
In simple, Ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated by the
existing setup/order, when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in society,
and when the pre-existed ideology no longer satisfies them. This state of affairs is a drive to a new
horizon of better life.
Importance of Ideology
Most often, Ideology/Ideologies arises in persuasion of specific set of goals followed by certain
standards and principle, thus the importance of Ideology can be expressed as:
 A motivating/driving force for a nation, to bring about some changes in a nationhood.
 It provides a concrete base to scattered groups and bring them closer to a common platform
 It urges the adherents to follow a joint line of actions for their goal attainment
 It gives shapes to revolutions and give births to new culture and society, by complete
transformation of society and realization of their ideals.

Characteristics of an Ideology
The ideology must contain following traits;

 Maximum people should be united on this ideology.

 The ideology must be harmonized with the feelings, emotions, traditions, beliefs and values
of the nation.
 Enough individual /man-power is requisite in it.
 This can be obtained by collective efforts.
 An organized party of leaders to implement this ideology is imperatively required

(Conclusion)
Hence, Ideology is a set of proposal about human nature and society that clearly manifest human
conditions, approaches, social and political order; and provide a basis for the accomplishment of
a desired social system. Conclusively, An Ideology provides an interpretation of past, an
explanation of present and anticipation of future of a social or political order.

1
French Philosopher; used the word ideologie during French revolution
2
German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary
3
German sociologist during the first half of the 20th century. Founding father of classical sociology
Notes of Pakistan Studies BBA 2nd Semester Class No. 1

PAKISTAN IDEOLOGY
Basis of Pakistan Ideology
Pakistan ideology is based on the ideals of Islamic system. It was reaction to Hindu’s and British’s
exploitation of the Muslim of the subcontinent. When Hindu nationalism was being imposed on
Muslim culture, Muslims of subcontinent revolted against it. Pakistan ideology contained a
strategy to save Muslims culture from elimination.
Pakistan Ideology
The ideology of Pakistan took shape through an evolutionary process. Historical experience
provided the base; It was due to the realization of the Muslims of South Asia that they are different
from the Hindus that they demanded separate electorates. However, when they realized that their
future in a ‘Democratic India’ dominated by Hindu majority was not safe, they changed their
demand to a separate state.
The ideology of Pakistan was stemmed from the instinct of the Muslim community of South Asia
to maintain their individuality in the Hindu society. The Muslims believed that Islam and Hinduism
are not only two religions, but are two social orders that produced two distinct cultures. There is
no compatibility between the two. A deep study of the history of this land proves that the
differences between Hindus and Muslims are not confined to the struggle for political supremacy
but are also manifested in the clash of two social orders. Despite living together for more than one
thousand years, they continue to develop different cultures and traditions. Their eating habits,
music, architecture and script, all are poles apart.
The basis of the Muslim nationhood was neither territorial nor racial or linguistic or ethnic rather
they were a nation because they belonged to the same faith, Islam. They demanded that the areas
where they were in majority should be constituted into a sovereign state, wherein they could order
their lives in accordance with the teachings of Holy Quran and Sunnah of Holy Prophet (PBUH).
Allama Iqbal gave it a philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam translated it into a political reality;
and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives Resolution in March 1949, gave
it legal sanction.
Pakistan Ideology and Two Nation Theory
Pakistan ideology was erected on the Two Nation Theory which meant that Hindu and Muslims
were two separate and distinct nations whose life-style was clearly different from each other.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the Pioneer of the ‘Two Nation Theory’ used the word two nation for
Hindus and Muslims after being convinced of the Hindu’s and congress’ hatred and biasness
against Muslim.
The Muslims were separate nation who always adhered to their religious identity; they did not
want to see their image as a distinct nation being tarnished and therefore strictly adhered to it. The
British and Hindus, in spite of their great efforts, could not put a wedge into Muslim’s unity and
love for their national character. The creation of Pakistan owes much to this feeling of adherence
to their national image by the Muslims of the sub-continent.
(Conclusion)
As far as the meanings and definition of Pakistan ideology is concerned, it basically means that
Pakistan should be a state where the Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to their
faith and creed (set of beliefs) based on the Islamic Principles. They should have all the resources
at their disposal to enhance Islamic culture and civilization because this was the sole purpose of
demanding separate homeland for the Muslims.