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The Digestive System Natural 6ºprimaria
The Digestive System Natural 6ºprimaria
Nutrients are the substances which plants and animals need in order to live and
grow. The digestive system is the group of organs in the body that extract
nutrients from food and expel undigested waste. Digestion consists of four
stages: ingestion,digestion,absorption and elimination.
Our sense of smell triggers the production of saliva in our mouths. This helps
the teeth to crush food as we chew it.
The tongue shapes the food into a ball called a bolus. The bolus passes into the
oesophagus, which is a stretchy tube that links the back of the throat with the
stomach. There is a special flat part at the back of the longue,called the
epiglottis,which prevents food from going down the windpipe and into the lungs.
The role of the stomach is to break down food. It does this by using its strong
muscular walls and excreting gastric juices which mix with the bolus and kill
dangerous bacteria.
The food is dissolved into a liquid.It passes into the small intestine.Here it mixes
with bile,which is produced by the liver and pancreatic juices,which are
produced by the pancreas.These nutrients pass through the walls of the small
intestine and are absorbed into the blood.
The waste that our body does not need passes to the large intestine. Here,
water from this waste is absorbed into the blood. The solid waste leaves our
body through the anus.
EL SISTEMA DIGESTIVO
Los nutrientes son las sustancias que las plantas y los animales necesitan para
vivir y crecer. El sistema digestivo es el grupo de órganos del cuerpo que
extraen nutrientes de los alimentos y expulsan los desechos no digeridos.
La digestión consta de cuatro etapas: ingestión, digestión, absorción y
eliminación.
1. La ingestión comienza en la boca, la nariz y la boca.
Los desechos que nuestro cuerpo no necesita pasan al intestino grueso. Aquí,
el agua de estos desechos se absorbe en la sangre. Los desechos sólidos
abandonan nuestro cuerpo a través del ano.
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The circulatory system delivers blood to the body's tissues through a network of
blood vessels. The main organ of the circulatory system is the heart,which
sends oxygen and nutrient rich blood to all our cells.The heart is made up of
four chambers inside a thick muscular wall.The top two chambers are called the
right and left atria, they receive blood coming into the heart. The bottom part of
the heart is made up of the right and left ventricles. The atria and the ventricles
are separated by valves which prevent blood from flowing backwards.
Arteries: carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This blood
contains oxygen.
Veins: carry the blood back to the heart. This blood contains carbon
dioxide.
Capillaries: are tiny blood vessels which connect the arteries and the
veins. They have very thin walls so gases and nutrients can easily pass
through them to the cells.
To obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide we use our respitatory system.
RESPITATION
When we take a breath,air enters through the nose and mouth. It passes
down the pharynx, the larynx and then to the trachea.
The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi. Each bronchus then
subdivides into smaller bronchi. The smallest are bronchioles.
At the end of each bronchiole is a cluster of tiny air sacks called alveoli.
The alveoli are covered with a network of capillaries.
At the same time carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters the alveoli.
The air carrying carbon dioxide goes through the bronchioles to the
bronchi and the trachea and finally our through the mouth and nose.
Inhalation: When we take a breath, our diaphragm, the big muscle under the
lungs, contracts and flattens to allow the lungs to inflate.
Exhalation: when we breathe out, the ribs relax and move back in. The
diaphragm relaxes and moves up, pushing the carbon dioxide out of the lungs
and back up the trachea,out of the nose and mouth.
Liquid.
Solid.
Gas waste.
This system is responsible for eliminating waste substances from the blood.The
organs involved in this process are:
Kidneys.
Ureters.
Bladder.
Urethra.
The two kidneys filter the blood. They retain waste substances and use
them to produce urine.
The two ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Urine leaves the body through the urethra.
The bladder is an elastic bag that stores the urine for a short time.
EL SISTEMA CIRCULATORIO
EL SISTEMA RESPIRATORIO
RESPIRACIÓN
Cuando respiramos, el aire entra por la nariz y la boca. Pasa por la
faringe, la laringe y luego a la tráquea.
La tráquea se divide en dos tubos llamados bronquios. Cada bronquio se
subdivide en bronquios más pequeños. Los más pequeños son
bronquiolos.
Al final de cada bronquiolo hay un grupo de pequeñas bolsas de aire
llamadas alvéolos. Los alvéolos están cubiertos con una red de
capilares.
Al mismo tiempo, el dióxido de carbono sale de la sangre y entra en los
alvéolos. El aire que transporta dióxido de carbono pasa a través de los
bronquiolos hacia los bronquios y la tráquea y finalmente pasa por la
boca y la nariz.
EL SISTEMA EXCRETOR
Líquido.
Sólido.
Residuos de gas.
Los desechos líquidos, conocidos como orina, se eliminan a través del sistema
excretor.
Este sistema es responsable de eliminar las sustancias de desecho de la
sangre. Los órganos involucrados en este proceso son:
Riñones
Uréteres.
Vejiga.
Uretra.
Cuando sudamos, eliminamos los desechos líquidos a través de nuestra piel.
Los dos uréteres transportan la orina desde los riñones hasta la vejiga.
La vejiga es una bolsa elástica que almacena la orina por poco tiempo.