Example 2: A car travels 120 km on 10 liters of

RATIO AND PROPORTION gas. Give the ratio of kilometers to liters (the rate) and
 Ratio express as a unit rate.
 is a comparison of two quantities by
division. Solution:
 The ratio of a to b can be written in two  CHECKING OF UNDERSTANDING
ways: A. Write the unit rate.
 as a:b (odds notation), 1. 300 km in 5hours
where the symbol “:” is 2. 210 words in 5 minutes
read as “is to”; or 3. 450 km on 45 liters
 a , b≠0 (fractional notation) 4. Php 1,200 for 3hours
 Simplifying Ratio 5. 64 feet in 2 seconds
 (cancel their GCF) 6. Php 150 for 5 liters
4 4 1 B. Find each unit rate.
= =
8 4𝑥2 2 1. A car travels 600 kilometers in
12hours.
 Example Problem: 2. A pump moves 100 liters in
A piece of string, 20 cm long, is divided 8minutes.
into two pieces in the ratio 3:2. What is the length 3. A group of students cleans 200
of each of the two pieces of string? square meters of yard in 4
hours.
Solution:
4. Children can eat 30 slices of
Ratio = 3:2 pizza in 15minutes.
Therefore, the Number of parts = 3 + 2 = 5 5. A person on a diet loses 10
Length of each part = 20 = 4 cm kilograms in 4 weeks.
Length of the longer piece = 4 cm 3 parts =
12 cm Length of the shorter piece = 4 cm 2  Problem Solving on Direct,
parts = 8 cm.
 CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING Inverse and Partitive Proportion
A. Write each of the following ratios as a 1. Eight tea bags are needed to make 5
fraction in simplest form. liters of iced tea. How many tea bags are
1. 10 to 12 1.5 to 6 needed to make 15 liters of iced tea?
2. 54 to 27 2 to 1  Given:
3. 19.38  Ask:
4. 250:125  Solution:
5. 250 to 1000
2. A manufacturer knows that during an
 Rate average production run, out of 1,000 items
produced by a certain machine, 25 will be
 is a ratio that compares quantities of
defective. If the machine produces 2,030
different units.
items, how many can be expected to be
 Unit Rate defective?
 is a rate that has a denominator of 1; that  Given:
is, a rate for one unit of a given quantity.  Ask:
 Solution:
Example 1: If you drive 120 km in 2 hours, then
your rate can be expressed as the ratio of kilometers to We let x represent the number of defective
hours; that is items and solve the following proportion:
120 km
2
x = 25
Your unit rate is 60km or 60 km/hr. (This is your 2030 100
average rate.)
  Fundamental Property of A supply of food lasts for a week for 20
families. How long would the supply last if 3
Proportions more families have to be supplied?
In any proportion, the product of the means is SOLUTION:
equal to the product of the extremes. That is, the cross (7 days)(20 families) = (x days)(23 families) →
products of the terms are equal. In symbols, 23x = 7(20) → x = about 6 days
Note: All the above examples involve direct proportion.
if a = c , then ad = bc. Emphasize to the students that the equations above may
B d
2 8 take other forms. That is, they follow the rules on
= proportions.
3 12
Will give 2x12= 3x8 will result 24=24

 CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

 Types Of Proportion (Variation): 1. Jessa buys three bananas for PHP25.00. How
1. Direct proportion – two variables, say x much does she have to pay for a dozen of these
and y, varying such that as x increases, y bananas?
also increases or as x decreases, y also  Given:
decreases proportionally; that is, the ratio  Ask:
x is always the same. The same holds true  Solution:
with the ratio y.
2. Indirect/Inverse – two variables, say x
and y, varying such that as x increases, y
decreases, or as x decreases, y increases 2. A typist can finish 4 pages in 6 minutes. How
proportionally; that is, the product of x and long will it take him to finish 18 pages?
y is always the same.  Given:
3. Partitive proportion – a whole is divided  Ask:
 Solution:
into more than two parts.

Forty liters of water is transferred into 3 3. A menu which serves 5 people requires 3 cups
containers in the ratio 1:3:4. How much water of flour. How many cups of flour are needed for
is in each container? the menu to serve 20 people?
SOLUTION:  Given:
The ratio 1:3:4 indicates 1 + 3 + 4 = 8 portions.  Ask:
40 liters will be divided into 8 portions; that is,  Solution:
40 = 5 liters (L) per portion.
Container 1 (1 portion) = 1 x 5 L = 5 L in it.
Container 2 (3 portions) = 3 x 5 L = 15 L in it.
Container 3 (4 portions) = 4 x 5 L = 20 L in it.
Note: All the above examples involve direct proportion.
Emphasize to the students that the equations above may
take other forms. That is, they follow the rules on
proportions.

To finish a certain job in 8 days, 6 workers

are needed. If it is required to finish the same
job in 2 days advance, how many workers
have to work?
SOLUTION:
(8 days)(6 workers) = (6 days)(x workers) → 6x
= 8(6) → x = 8 workers