Name: Nur Aysah Abbas

Class: XII-D/ Class code (32)

Assignment 4.2d

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Concepts of Force and Force-Related Variables - This Unit will present information on
Fundamental Dimensions of force related variables in engineering calculations.
Read:
Engineering Fundamentals – An Introduction to Engineering
5th Edition – Saeed Moaveni
Chapter 10 Mass and Mass- Related Variables in Engineering (Pages 294-349)

As you read this chapter, keep in mind the Learning Objectives:

 Force
 Newton’s Laws of Mechanics
 Moment, Torque-force acting at a distance
 Work- force acting over a distance
 Pressure and stress – force acting over an area
 Linear impulse- force acting over time
Complete:
All reviews at the end of each Learning Objective
 “Before you go on” - pages 306, 313
Go to Assignment LO 4.2-d and answer the following problems. Provide complete
answers showing all work.
 Problem 10.3
 Problem 10.9
 Problem 10.18
 Problem 10.29
For extra credit:
 Problem 10.49

10.3. An astronaut has a mass of 70 kg. What is the weight

of the astronaut on Earth at sea level? What are the
mass and the weight of the astronaut on the Moon,
and on Mars? What is the ratio of the pressure exerted
by the astronaut’s shoe on Earth to Mars?
My answer:
Given:
m= 70 kg
Asking:
How much the weight of astronaut on earth at sea level?
How much the mass and weight on the moon and mars?
How much the ratio of pressure of astronaut’s shoes on earth and mass?
Steps:
𝑚
We know g in the earth= 9.8 𝑠2
𝑚
We know g in the moon= 1.6 𝑠2
𝑚
We know g in the mars= 3.7 𝑠2
𝑚 𝑚
W (earth) = mg ≫ 70 kg X 9.8 𝑠2 = 686 kg 𝑠2
𝑚 𝑚
W (moon) = mg ≫ 70 kg X 1.6𝑠2 = 112 kg 𝑠2
𝑚 𝑚
W (mars) = mg ≫ 70 kg X 3.7 𝑠2 = 259 kg 𝑠2

The mass of astronaut in all places (earth, moon, and mars) are same because mass is never
change.
Ratio of pressure:
𝐹𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝐴𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 686 𝑁 98
= 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑠 ≫ = = 259 𝑁 = 37
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑒𝑠

10.9. Calculate the pressure exerted by water on the hull of

a submarine that is cruising at a depth of 500 ft below
ocean level. Assume the density of the ocean water is
ρ=1025 kg/m3.
My answer:
Given:
Depth = 500ft
ρ=1025 kg/m3
Asking:
How much is the pressure exerted by water?
Steps:
The deeper of thing, the bigger of its pressure
𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
P is pressure (Pa or lb/ft2)
𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠
𝜌 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ( 𝑜𝑟 )
𝑚3 𝑓𝑡 3
 𝑚 𝑓𝑡
g is gravitational force (9.8𝑠2 or 32.2 𝑠2 )

h is depth (m or ft)
0.3048 𝑚
depth= 500 ft = 500 𝑓𝑡 × = 152.4 𝑚
𝑓𝑡

kg 𝑚
𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ ≫ 1025 × 9.8 2 × 152.4 𝑚 = 1530858 𝑃𝑎
m3 𝑠

10.18. Using the information given in Table 10.4, determine

the ratio of local pressure and density to sea-level
values. Estimate the value of air density at the cruising
altitude of most commercial airliners.
My answer:
Given:

 Climbing into higher altitude will require less fuel. Furthermore, higher altitude can
decrease air density leading to decrease air drag. Therefore, plane should play at
high altitude which is (12-14000) m

Altitude 𝜌 Ratio local 𝑃 Ratio

(m) 𝜌 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 density to 𝑃 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 local
sea level pressure
to sea
level
0(sea 𝑘𝑔⁄ 1 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 1
1.225 𝑚3⁄ 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
level) 𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3
1000 𝑘𝑔 0.90775 89.87 𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 0.8869
1.112 ⁄𝑚3 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
⁄ 𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3
 3000 𝑘𝑔⁄ 0.74204 70.11 𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 0.69193
0.909 𝑚3⁄ 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3
5000 𝑘𝑔 0.600816 54.05 𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 0.53343
0.736 ⁄𝑚3 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
⁄ 𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3
8000 𝑘𝑔 0.429387 35.66𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 0.35193
0.526 ⁄𝑚3 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
⁄ 𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3
10000 𝑘𝑔 0.337142 26.50 𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 0.26153
0.413 ⁄𝑚3 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
⁄ 𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3
12000 𝑘𝑔 0.25469 19.40 𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 0.19146
0.312 ⁄𝑚3 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
⁄ 𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3
14000 𝑘𝑔 0.1861224 14.17 𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 0.1398
0.228 ⁄𝑚3 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
⁄ 𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3
15000 𝑘𝑔 0.159183 12.11 𝑘𝑃𝑎⁄ 0.11951
0.195 ⁄𝑚3 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
⁄ 𝑘𝑔
1.225 ⁄𝑚3

10.29. A structural member with a rectangular cross section

as shown in the accompanying figure is used to support
a load of 2500 N. What type of material do you recommend
be used to carry the load safely? Base your
calculations on the yield strength and a factor of safety
of 2.0.

My answer:
Given:
Load= 2500 N
length= 20 cm
Area=
𝑚
10 cm X 100𝑐𝑚 = 0.1 𝑚
𝑚
5 𝑚𝑚 × = 0.005𝑚
1000𝑚𝑚
𝑃 2500 𝑁
Ϭ= = = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 0.0005 𝑚2

The yield strength is 5 MPa. Based on the yield of strength, it will match to aluminum alloys ( 35-500
MPa) and wood with yield of strength (30-50 MPa)

10.49. Consider the parallel springs shown in the accompanying

figure. Realizing that the deflection of each spring
in parallel is the same and the applied force must equal
the sum of forces in individual springs, show that for
springs in parallel the equivalent spring constant Ke is
Ke =K1 + K2 + K3

My answer:
Given:
Ke =K1 + K2 + K3
Asking:
show that for springs in parallel the equivalent spring constant Ke is
Ke =K1 + K2 + K3
Steps: from this equation
F = k.x so, k= F/x
K parallel : ke
(K1 + K2 + K3)x : (K1 + K2 + K3)x