CONTENT

Introduction
1) Components and chemicals used for SCC

 cement
 sand
 Aggregate
 flumed sludge
 fly ash
 lime ( CaO2)
 Polycarboxylic admixture

2) Consideration for self-compacted Concrete

3) Self-compacted concrete benefits and advantages

5) Properties of SCC
 Filling ability
 Passing ability
 High resistance to segregation

6) Test on self-compacted concrete

 Slump flow test method
 ‘V’ Funnel test
 L- type flow test

7) Test on harden SCC

8) Comparison between simple concrete and SCC

Introduction

Self-consolidating concrete is a highly flow able type of concrete

that spreads into the form without the need for mechanical vibration. Self-
compacting concrete is a non-segregating concrete that is placed by means of
its own weight. The importance of self-compacting concrete is that maintains
all concrete’s durability and characteristics, meeting expected performance
requirements.

In certain instances the addition of super plasticizers and viscosity modifier

are added to the mix, reducing bleeding and segregation. Concrete that
segregates loses strength and results in honeycombed areas next to the
formwork. A well designed SCC mix does not segregate, has high
deformability and excellent stability characteristics

Abstract

Self-compacting concrete is a fluid mixture suitable for placing

in structures with congested reinforcement without vibration. Self-compacting
concrete development must ensure a good balance between deformability and
stability. Also, compatibility is affected by the characteristics of materials and the
mix proportions; it becomes necessary to evolve a procedure for mix design of
SCC. The paper presents an experimental procedure for the design of self-
compacting concrete mixes. The test results for acceptance characteristics of self-
compacting concrete such as slump flow; J-ring, V-funnel and L-Box are presented.
Further, compressive strength at the ages of 7, 28, and 90 days was also determined
and results are included here.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26573187_Self-Compacting_Concrete_-_Procedure_for_Mix_Design
Components and chemicals used for SCC
1) Cement
Cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that
sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them
together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to
bind sand and gravel together. Cement mixed with fine
aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and
gravel, produces concrete.

 Test perform on cement for SCC

Fineness Test

As per IS: 4031 (Part 1) – 1996. The cement of good

quality should have less than 10% of wt. of cement particles
larger than 90 µm. (micron) to determine the number of cement
particles larger than 90 µm. or Fineness test of cement. The
following apparatus is used.

Where, W2 = retained wt. on sieve

W1= wt. of cement

Consistency Test
The standard consistency of cement is that consistency,
which permit the vicat plunger to penetrate to a point 5 to 7mm
from the bottom of the vicat mould when tested. Procedure to
determine the quantity of water required to produce a cement
paste of standard consistency is described below

1. Vicat Apparatus

The vicat apparatus consists of a frame having a movable rod

with a cap at one end and at the other end any one of the
following attachment, which are interchangeable:

Needle for determining the initial setting time

Needle for determining the final setting time

Plunger for determining the standard consistency

Strength Test
Usually compressive test is carried out. Strength of
cement-sand paste can be affected by number of items
including: water-cement ratio, cement-sand ratio, type and
grading of sand, manner of mixing, size and shape of specimen,
curing conditions, rate of loading and age of specimen.
Sand
Sand is a vital ingredient of concrete as a fine aggregate.
Although the sand is an inert material in the concrete mix, its role
cannot be neglected. Followings are the important functions of sand in
the concrete mix. Offers requisite surface area for the film of binding
material to adhere and spread.

Increases the volume of mortar & consequently makes mortar more

economical. Well-graded sand adds to the density of mortars and
concrete. Prevents excessive shrinkage of mortar. Since it is an inert
material, it renders structure more resistant against atmospheric
agencies.

Test on Sand
There are different methods for testing of sand quality at
construction site for concrete construction. Quality of sand is as much
of importance as other materials for concrete.

1. Test for Silt Content Test of Sand

The maximum quantity of silt in sand shall not exceed 8%. Fine
aggregate containing more than allowable percentage of silt shall be
washed so as to bring the silt content within allowable limits.
Self-consolidating concrete is a highly flow able type of concrete that spreads
into the form without the need for mechanical vibration. Self-compacting
concrete is a non-segregating concrete that is placed by means of its own
weight. The importance of self-compacting concrete is that maintains all
concrete’s durability and characteristics, meeting expected performance
requirements.

In certain instances the addition of super plasticizers and viscosity modifier

are added to the mix, reducing bleeding and segregation. Concrete that
segregates loses strength and results in honeycombed areas next to the
formwork. A well designed SCC mix does not segregate, has high
deformability and excellent stability characteristics

Self-Compacting Concrete Properties

Self-compacting concrete produces resistance to segregation by using mineral

fillers or fines and using special admixtures. Self-consolidating concrete is
required to flow and fill special forms under its own weight, it shall be flow able
enough to pass through highly reinforced areas, and must be able to avoid
aggregate segregation. This type of concrete must meet special project
requirements in terms of placement and flow.

Self-compacting concrete with a similar water cement or cement binder ratio

will usually have a slightly higher strength compared with traditional vibrated
concrete, due to the lack of vibration giving an improved interface between the
aggregate and hardened paste. The concrete mix of SCC must be placed at a
relatively higher velocity than that of regular concrete. Self-compacting
concrete has been placed at heights taller than 5 meters without aggregate
segregation. It can also be used in areas with normal and congested
reinforcement, with aggregates as large as 2 inches.

Self-Compacting Concrete Uses

Self-compacting concrete has been used in bridges and even on pre-cast

sections. One of the most remarkable projects built using self-compacting
concrete is the Akashi-Kayo Suspension Bridge. In this project, the SCC was
mixed on-site and pumped through a piping system to the specified point,
located 200 meters away. On this particular project, the construction time was
reduced from 2.5 years to 2 years. This type of concrete is ideal to be used in
the following applications:

 Drilled shafts
 Columns
 Earth retaining systems
 Areas with a high concentration of rebar and pipes/conduits

Self-Compacting Concrete Benefits

Using self-compacting concrete produce several benefits and advantages

over regular concrete. Some of those benefits are:

 Improved constructability.
 Labour reduction.
 Bond to reinforcing steel.
 Improved structural Integrity.
 Accelerates project schedules.
 Reduces skilled labour.
 Flows into complex forms.
 Reduces equipment wear.
 Minimizes voids on highly reinforced areas.
 Produces superior surface finishes.
 Superior strength and durability.
 Allows for easier pumping procedure.
 Fast placement without vibration or mechanical consolidation.
 Lowering noise levels produced by mechanical vibrators.
 Produces a uniform surface.
 Allows for innovative architectural features.
 It is recommended for deep sections or long-span applications.
 Produces a wider variety of placement techniques.

Factors Affecting Self Compacting Concrete

Using self-compacting concrete must not be used indiscriminately. These

factors can affect the behaviour and performance of self-compacting concrete:
  Hot weather.
 Long haul distances can reduce flow ability of self-compacting concrete.
 Delays on job site could affect the concrete mix design performance.
 Job site water addition to Self-Compacting Concrete may not always
yield the expected increase in flow ability and could cause stability
problems.

Self-Compacting Concrete Special Considerations

Self-compacting concrete can have benefits and will shorten your construction
time. However, special attention should be focused on:

 A full capacity mixer of self-compacting concrete might not be feasible

due to potential spillage along the road, producing environmental and
contamination hazards.
 Formwork should be designed to withstand the fluid concrete pressure
that will be higher than regular concrete.
 Self-Consolidating Concrete may have to be placed in lifts in taller
elements.
 Production of SCC requires more experience and care than the
conventional vibrated concrete.
 Self-consolidating concrete can add up to $50 per yards to
your construction costs. This cost will vary among ready-mix concrete
producers.