Althea Camilla J.

Valle 7- Einstein

1. John Graunt

Graunt held municipal offices and a militia command. While

still active as a merchant, he began to study the death
records that had been kept by the London parishes since
1532. Noticing that certain phenomena of death statistics
appeared regularly, he was inspired to write Natural and
Political Observations . . . Made upon the Bills of Mortality
(1662). He produced four editions of this work; the third
(1665) was published by the Royal Society, of which Graunt
was a charter member.

​2. Carl Friedrich Gauss

The Gaussian distribution, also called the bell curve, is

one of the most important concepts in probability and
statistics. It was first developed by Carl Gauss.

​ 3. Adolphe Quetelet

In 1844 he first published the fact that variations in

physical characteristics were symmetrically distributed
about the mean, as would be anticipated by the binomial
or normal distribution. He was able to derive a theoretical
frequency distribution which closely predicted the
observed variation in height, weight, or chest
circumference of various groups in the population.
 4. Karl Pearson

Karl Pearson was important in the founding of the school

of biometrics, which was a competing theory to describe
evolution and population inheritance at the turn of the
20th century. ... In fact, Pearson devoted much time
during 1893 to 1904 to developing statistical techniques
for biometry.

​ 5. Ronald Aylmer Fisher

The contributions of Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher to the

discipline of statistics are multifarious, profound and
long-lasting. ... He is often dubbed the 'father of
statistics'. He contributed both to the mathematical
theory of statistics and to its applications, especially to
agriculture and the design of experiments therein.

​6. George Gallup

American public-opinion statistician whose Gallup Poll

became almost synonymous with public-opinion
surveys. Gallup helped to advance the public’s trust in
survey research in 1936 when he, Elmo Roper, and
Archibald Crossley, acting independently but using
similar sampling methods, accurately forecast the
victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt over Alfred M. Landon
in the U.S. presidential election. His work with
public-opinion surveys altered both political campaigns
and corporate marketing.