Project Application

Proposal for financial support

(Standards A and A-flexible)

Version as of:

Your project proposal to Protestant Agency for Diakonie and Development. for Bread for the World
(hereafter referred to as financing partner) must contain the following information in order to check
whether support is possible. Please consider all points listed. This document should not exceed a max-
imum of 15 pages; any necessary additional information ought to be attached on separate sheets. In
case you are not in a position to provide information on all the points, kindly state so and give reasons
for it.

1. General Information

Name of the organisation

Wako Gutu Foundation (WGF)
Address
Addis Ababa Ethiopia, Near Stadium
P.O. Box
1181, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Contact person
Abdi Edao, Executive Director

Cell: +251 911043027

Tel: (+251) 0115318049
E-mail
wakogutufound@yahoo.co.uk
Phone number
Tel (+251) 0115318049
Fax number
(+251) 011531-80-63

Project title Livelihood Enhancement for Pastoralists and

Agro-pastoralists in Dallo Mana-Consolidation
Phase
For which period of time is the project planned o1 June 2019 - 31 May 2021
(project period)?
For which period is funding requested from the o1 June 2019 - 31 May 2021
financing partner?
What are the total planned expenditures of the 400,000.00
project?
What is the amount requested from the financ- 400,000.00
ing partner?
To which other (national/international) 0.00
organisations have you applied for funding?

Does this application refer to a new project or to the continuation of an on-going project?

new project continuation

In case of a continuation, who is funding the current project activities?

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Protestant Agency for Diakonie and Development Bread for the World – Protestant Development
Service

In the case of a continuation, kindly provide a short overview of the achievements and lessons learnt
during the on-going phase.
Achievements

The former LEAP project II has achieved the following

65% (780HHs) of the targeted households (1200) increased their food production through diversifica-
tion of crop production (sorghum,maize, tomato and onion) and training on irrigation economy
Six cooperatives have been strengthened and linked to suppliers and retailers that enabled the coop-
eratives to start supplying agricultural inputs 9onion &tomato) and tools 9watering can, shovel, rake
&wheel barrow) to members and non-members of the cooperatives
50% of the targeted female headed households in Gomgoma and Malka Amanna kebeles increased
their income by 30% through dairy goat support, business skill development, and income generation
training, and these helped women manage their own petty trading and diversified businesses that in
turn improved ownership and decision-making of women on household assets

Similarly, the on-going project LEAP III achieved;

The annual food deficit of 1021(from the targeted 1200 households) project beneficiaries has reached
the milestone (intermediate target) by reducing to four months while the food gap of other project
beneficiaries varied between five to six months per annum1.
For this same project, recent observation and beneficiaries’ self-report indicated monthly income of
175 beneficiary women(out of the targeted 200 households ) has grown baseline scenario value of
1500 birr to the range of Birr 3000 to 3500 per month. Household nutrition also improved among
those beneficiaries who received dairy goats 2.
Besides, t water borne diseases reduced at 25% particularly among children in the target area. The
domestic labour burdened on girls and women for fetching water has also been reduced resulted in
improvement in school attainment of girls3.

Lessons Learnt
Dependence on rain fed agriculture in drought prone areas like Dallo Manna does not promise food
security and livelihood improvement of the targeted community. This is because frequency of drought
as a result of the effect of climate change has increased and duration and intensity of rain in a season
has changed over time. Thus, farmers started to practice agricultural adaptation like production of
early maturing, drought tolerant and disease resistant crops. Moreover, our observation at the field
shows increased trend of farmers requesting irrigation farming as a mechanism for adaptation to re-
curring climatic shocks, and even increased productivity on irrigated land than rain-fed farming which
necessitates the need for rehabilitation and restoration of formerly installed irrigation schemes.
Organizing women in to self-help groups and provision of economic support in the form of goat credit
helped them to achieve relative economic independence and this in turn improved their claim to share
decision making power on household resources. So, such interventions seem to have the potential to
further empower women delved in patrimonial/andro-centrism normative (men dominated) commu-
nity. In addition, we have also learned that a smaller resource that goes to women is more efficiently
used for the betterment of the livelihood of the entire family members than bigger resources chan-
nelled to men who experience to expend for private concerns.
Creating inter-group dialogue between upper and lower water users using the skill training provided
on a do no harm approach, helped the warring group between upper and lower users resolve the con-
flicts which used to happen over unfair sharing and competition of irrigation water utilization.

2. Project Background
Please describe the social, political, ecological and economic background

In the country

1 Summary Report on Progress of LEAP project: Prepared to initiate discussion with donor for future direction; Submitted to
PADD, July, 2018: Addis Ababa
2
Summary Report on Progress of LEAP project: Prepared to initiate discussion with donor for future direction; Submitted to
PADD, July, 2018: Addis Ababa
3
Summary Report on Progress of LEAP project: Prepared to initiate discussion with donor for future direction; Submitted to
PADD, July, 2018: Addis Ababa

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Ethiopia is the largest land-locked country situated in the Horn of Africa and the second-most popu-
lous country in Sub-Saharan Africa next to Nigeria with a population size more than 102 million. The
country is located in northeast Africa bordering Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti and
Eritrea. Ethiopia is a federal republic with nine regional states.
In Ethiopia, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists constitute almost 15% of the total population and occu-
py a total area of ca. 625,000 km2 (constitute about 63% of the country's land mass)4&5 .
The pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia have among the highest rates of poverty and the low-
est human development indices, also low rates of adult literacy.
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists have not historically been perceived as having a good relation with
the environment. The most important arguments revolve around overgrazing, land degradation and
the alternative use of rangeland to sustain a broader range of biodiversity. Pastoralists and agro-
pastoralists are blamed for damaging the rangelands through overstocking, mismanagement and fol-
lowing economically irrational decisions.
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists are the most marginalized group of people in Ethiopia. Even by the
standard of Ethiopia, pastoral and agro-pastoral areas have the lowest access for basic public services
such as agriculture and human and animal health, education services.
For a long time, they were relegated to a very low representation in the national political processes.
There is long established tradition of considering Pastoralism and agro-pastoralism as backward way
of life and people who depend on it for their livelihood as inefficient land users, aimless, wanderers
called as “Zelan and lawless6.

In the region

Oromia National Regional State has been divided in to 20 administrative Zones and 360 districts. In
Oromia, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists represent 37% of the landmass and 12% of the population
in the region (Oromia Pasoral Development Commission Phone Interview, August 2018). The region
has large areas of pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods located in Borena, East and West Harerghe,
Guji, and Bale zones which are characterized by scattered rangeland vegetation, common property
regimes, and herd mobility. Institutional arrangements and networking (customary laws and informal
institutions) within and between pastoral groups have been elaborated to enforce decisions among
multiple resource users like available grazing and water resources during times of abundance as well
as in scarcity. This generated a distinct indigenous knowledge to preserve the rangelands’ grazing
potential. However, recurrent droughts caused loss of livestock and grazing resources as well as un-
sustainable exploitation of the surviving resources.
In the struggle against harsh environmental conditions and risks, pastoralists and agro pastoralists
have developed their own indigenous institutions, which handle all aspects of their social, economic,
cultural and political lives. These institutions are based on clan ties and social relations where the clan
chiefs like the Aba Gada play coordinating roles in resource management, conflict resolution or pre-
vention, and political and administrative matters of the communities. There are also social institutions
like well councils (Kora Ella) and grazing councils (Kora dheda) who handle disagreements, socializa-
tion of young people, land allocation for cultivation, and deciding directions and time of mobility.
However, natural( El Nino and La Nina) and anthropogenic induced factors added with population
pressure continued to pose formidable challenges resulting many pastoralists to drop the mobility and
transformed in to agro-pastoral livelihoods particularly in Bale zone areas.
Bale Zone is one of the predominantly pastoral and agro-pastoral districts with nine districts, namely,
Rayitu, Sawena, Lege-hidha, Gura-Dhamole, Madda-walabu, Dello-Menna, Harena-buluk, Dawe-

4https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q
=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj9udqxh9PdAhUizYUKHdlFDkgQFjAAegQIBRAC&url=https%
3A%2F%2Fwww.africaportal.org%2Fdocuments%2F11610%2FEconomic_Focus__Vol_9_No_3_0.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2GvwBV
rc5kF_I3o1Dn5g-S

5https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj9udqxh9PdAhUi
zYUKHdlFDkgQFjABegQICBAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipss-addis.org%2Fy-file
store%2Fresources%2Fpublication%2Fthe_intricate_road_to_development.min.pdf&usg=AOvVaw39L6Np_EvWOCnX8kUL
Vsan

6https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjAuuflh9PdAhVJz
IUKHftRDgUQFjAAegQIC-
RAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucn.org%2Fsites%2Fdev%2Ffiles%2Fimport%2Fdownloads%2Fethiopia_country_study.pd
f&usg=AOvVaw1xrHO9P8WsHZToTh8AGfbh

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Kachen and Dawe-Serer districts categorized as pastoralist and agro-pastoral districts, collectively
known as “Bale Pastoral and agro-pastoral (BPA) Livelihood Zone”7.
Recently, pastoral and agro-pastoral communities of the Bale Zone are facing pressing challenges
from erratic climate changes, shortage of safe water, grazing lands. Drought spells are common to be
observed within two to three years interval. Poor market linkages and under-performance of agricul-
tural value chains prevail due to the remoteness and limited/non-existence of infrastructures. This in
turn constrains the food availability to the community from surplus production areas during such
events. The population pressure added to the open/common grazing land aggravated effects of climate
extremes. Farming technology and skills is also traditional. Incessant inter-ethnic conflicts also pil-
laged the environment transforming some districts in to tumultuous nature, accentuating internal
displacement and turbulence that created strain/over-burden on the utilization of limited available
infrastructures like water schemes, grazing lands, etc.

In the project area

Located within latitude 6052’ and 6048’N and longitude 37049’ and 37042’E8 , Dallo Manna (555 km
south east from Addis Ababa and 125 km from the Zonal capital, Robe) is one of the administrative
districts of Bale zone with an area of 4,616.65 km2 (461,665ha) and estimated population in 2017 of
117,688 (59,586 male, 58,102 female, 17,201 urban and 100,487 rural) people9. The low population
density of the district is one of an indication for the existence of abundant land that could be put to
productive use for enhanced economic growth10.
Dallo Mana is flanked by Adaba, Goba, and Berbere districts in the north, Madda Wallabu district in
the south and west, and Gura Dhamole in the east, and Manna is its capital town.
The district is preponderantly an agrarian economy with crop-livestock integration as a basis of liveli-
hood. Means of livelihood is based on cattle rearing and rain fed agriculture and the remaining in
trading and handicraft. The rainfall type is bimodal that the small rain (belg) in the months of January
to March and the main one (meher) in the months of late April to early July and the district receives
an annual rainfall of 500-700 mm which has no uniform distribution. The mean daily temperature
ranges from 22 to 38 degree Celsius. The district is subdivided into three agro climatic zones (15.4 %
highland, 63.6 % semi highland, 21 % lowland). The total land mass of the district is 4834 km2 of
which only 3% is utilized for cultivation. The major crops grown in the district are cereals, oilseed,
maize, and sesame.
The district is also endowed with a number of perennial rivers that could be used for irrigation pur-
poses. The district faces formidable development challenges despite having high potentials like a
number of perennial rivers such as Welmel, Yadot, Mena and Shawe which could be used for irriga-
tion purposes. The district is also endowed with large size of livestock resources (both for browsers
like dromedary and goats and grazers/cattle) . It is a semi-arid lowland area with an annual rainfall of
500 to 700 mm, bordering in the North the Bale Mountains.
The district is a disaster prone and among the identified food insecure hotspots characterized by errat-
ic and highly variable rainfall, drought, and accompanied problems such as crop pests, animal and
human diseases. Diseases posed numerous negative impacts on productivity of herds' i.e. death of
animals, loss of weights, slow down growth, poor fertility performance, and decrease in physical pow-
er. The recurrent droughts also cause crop failure which increases the vulnerability of the community.
Child/infant and maternal (lactating and pregnant) malnutrition are among the highest in the region.
Added to this are shortage of pasture and water for animals which lowers the production and produc-
tivity of the livestock. Both districts are characterized by scarcity of water, recurrent drought associat-
ed with crop pests & diseases resulting in crop failure.
Since the district is located along the corridors to the Somali National Regional State, it is subject to
incessant conflicts posing high internally displaced people to immigrate and create services
overcrowd.

7https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjY0Pa1iNPdAhUL
hxoKHZUmBFkQFjABegQIBxAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heawebsite.org%2Fcountries%2Fethiopia%2Freports%2Fhea-lz-
profile-bale-pastoral-livelihood-zone-bpa-oromia-region-ethiopia&usg=AOvVaw1fWhBIgD8CaBYvXgAqmNjl

8
https://ijret.org/volumes/2016v05/i02/IJRET20160502015.pdf
9
http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/ehioinfo-internal%3Fdownload%3D724:population-projection-of-ethiopia-
for-all-regions-atwereda-level-from-2014-2017%26start%3D5
10 Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst, Dallo Manna Agro-pastoralist and pastoralist Development Project Evaluation report by
Biruk Yinur, April 2013: Addis Ababa

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The rain distribution is irregular, frequently drought periods appear, crops are drying and the live-
stock does not get enough feed. Due to the frequent drought and unpredictable climate, the flora and
fauna of the areas are also vulnerable to climate change which further triggers collapse or termination
of prennial streams.The area is food insecure and the people depend from time to time on relief food.
The seasonality and unpredictabiility of the rainfall is usually followed by occurrence of pest
infestation which erodes the farmers crops and vegetables making his/her parcel bare land.
Agricultural production in the areas is dominated by small scale and traditional technologies that is
not even suffice to consume the family members the whole year round, leaving the households in long
years of food gaps throughout the year.
The area has a high agricultural potential, particularly for irrigation, because many rivers originating
in the Bale Mountains pass through the area. Pastoralists lack the knowledge for arable farming and
use of irrigation. A government agricultural extension structure is not well developed and other devel-
opment organizations are not working in the remote area.
Despite the presence of these potentials, the district is characterized by relatively low level of basic
human development indicators such as health coverage, access to potable water supply, access to in-
frastructure facilities and food security.
Data obtained from the Woreda office of Finance and Economic Development (WoFED) the district
has 33,500 hectares of potentially irrigable land but only 3.6 percent of the total area is under cultiva-
tion while 18.7 percent is used as grazing land. This is testimony to the fact that pastoralist and agro-
pastoralist modes of livelihood prevail in the district.
Despite its rich natural resources endowment, various development indicators for the district show
low level of development status. Drought, low production and productivity and poor access to social
and economic infrastructure are some of the features that characterize the district.
While the capacity of the local government is inadequate to effectively respond to this development
need, there are only few other players (NGOs) who are active in the area.
Data obtained from district office of Finance and Economic Development for instance indicates that in
2004 Ethiopian fiscal year the total number of livestock in the district were 470,947 with an average
per capita livestock holding of 4 per person.

3. Problem Description
Kindly describe and analyse the situation/problem intended to be addressed by the project. Describe
in particular how men and women are affected in general and/or in different ways (gender analysis).
Kindly provide an attachment for baseline data if available.

Food insecurity problems or situation:

Notwithstanding the achievements detailed in the former section, the impact of climate change con-
tinued to drag the outcomes recorded by the project, incremental trends of drought spells and associ-
ated occurrences of pests and limited knowledge of agro-pastoralists and pastoralists to adapt a cli-
matically smart livelihood practices all contributed to their being forefront to face vulnerability.
Reviewing the two LEAP projects, the foundation observed the following problems
Though long efforts exerted to reduce food security and household food gaps, there are unresolved
predicaments required to respond.
Across the two phases of the projects, the pillar component has been the livelihood diversification
comprised of dry-land farming, adoption of better farming and nutrition practices, value chains and
allied market linkages, improved irrigation and agronomic farming, etc. promising outcomes recorded
on the lives of the community, but there are vivid observations of inappropriate dry-land farming
practices spanning from land preparation to management then harvest and post-harvest by agro-
pastoralists since most of them are those ex-pastoralists/pastoralist drop-outs with little or no expo-
sure to agronomic practices.
Besides, on-time unavailability of agricultural inputs like fertilizers, insecticides, selected seed varie-
ties, etc. all continued to pose a challenge for sustaining the formerly recorded gains, which gravitates
the farmers to backslide in to the poverty trap.
Since existing pest management systems are inappropriate, prevalence of pests and diseases is ad-
versely affecting production and productivity of major crops 11. The established nurseries (central
nursery/mother garden and plots) are not matured facing the challenges of inadequate and lack of
timely availability in scions, grafted rootstocks and shoot systems, and management capacity con-
straint.

11 Wako Gutu Foundation-Visit of EKHC and WGF projects in Bale Region by Helmut– 21. – 26. 5. 2018

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Dysfunctional irrigation schemes
The Irrigation scheme at Gomgoma kebele is currently in a serious problem. Farmers complain about
shortage of water at the end of the dry season. The main canal is old and not maintained and loses on
its long way almost half of its water. Besides, when the farmers are irrigating they waste much water
due to inappropriate irrigation methods: there is continuous waste of water, flooding on a slope, caus-
ing erosion, inappropriate spacing of plants, breaking main canal when opening to the fields, etc.
Therefore, to decrease the water shortage, at every end of the rainy season the main canals have to be
closed and cleaned of sediments. Broken parts or holes should be identified and closed with concrete
material. Water from the main canal should be taken by siphons; they can be easily moved from one to
another plot so that several families can share the siphons, all to reduce seepage and leakage of water
for irrigation and maximizing use of existing irrigation scheme 12.

Moreover, the irrigation scheme at Chirri kebele (commanding7 KMs length irrigation canal with a
total command area of about 150 ha and this time serving to irrigate diversion irrigates about 85 hec-
tares (ha)) is within a problem. The main canal and crossing structures (bridges) need maintenance
and or replacement to reduce existing water seepage and for efficient utilization of water for produc-
tive purposes.
Two irrigation user groups established at Chirri and Gongoma kebeles, and distributed twelve water
pumps to the smallholder farmers. However, the price of gasoline fuel for water pump users is becom-
ing exorbitant as compared to the value of crops produced13. It is imperative to look into alternative
energy sources such as solar pumps to minimize cost of production for energy induced irrigation users
and environmental protection14. Furthermore, the number of water pumps allotted (one pump per 10
farmers) is far below efficient and always results in incidences of break/fracture. Therefore, the num-
ber of farmers per each pump should also be reduced to a maximum of five farmers per each pump.
Productivity and total production is expected to increase due to adequate access to pumps within days
and reduction/no-cost of diesel oil.
Under-performing value chain and linkages
Petty horticulture traders frequently complain about the lack of market-sheds that protects and allay
the perishability of their horticulture shelf-life. During surplus production, horticulture collectors
(gulit traders) and producers face destruction of massive horticultures like tomatoes, avocado, mango
and this is heart-breaking.
Similarly, the recently started apiculture value chain has not been fully linked to honey collectors or
finance providers, and even they are at infant in capacity and skills.
The Self-help Groups (SHGs) established so far are not linked to a culturally suitable financial institu-
tion in addition to capacity building gaps. These SHGs are currently informal and cannot access mar-
ket and financial opportunities and should be made formal, licenced, and organized in to saving and
credit associations. The licenced associations again require a revolving fund which is deposited as
seed-money opened with their entity name. This is through effective partnership with locally operat-
ing micro-financial institutions to avail culturally suitable interest-free loan for the association mem-
bers. Their management structure is also not so much strong like cash management, business skill,
and leadership. Besides, other on-farm and off-farm income generating opportunities in the localities
should also be searched to engage the youths from locally available resources.
The four cooperatives in Chirri, Gongoma, and Irba kebeles are currently functional but servicing
members at trailing rate. For instance, the farmers purchase essential inputs individually, and farmers
travel up to Zuway more than 300 km to purchase vegetable seeds and chemicals. Therefore, they
need to have capacity in purchasing inputs like seeds, fertilizers and pesticides in a bulk, assisting the
individual farmer members to get it from a cooperative shop.
Similarly, the three functioning saving and credit groups in Cirri, Dayu and Irba kebeles require to
strengthen their capacity in record and control savings and loan repayment, , leadership quality and
resource management and utilization, and own passbook. They are not still linked to a culturally suit-
able micro finance provider.
Moreover, linkages and collaborations with local and national research centres and universities is very
weak implying little or no access to evidence based research findings and practices that work. Hence,
access to innovation results is very limited.

12 Wako Gutu Foundation Working Report Visit 26.28. 7. 2015 by Helmut

13
Wako Gutu Foundation (WGF): Midterm Evaluation Report of Livelihood Enhancement for Agro-Pastoralist and Pastoralist
Project by Dawi Development and Management Consultancy , January, 2018, Addis Ababa

14Wako Gutu Foundation (WGF): Midterm Evaluation Report of Livelihood Enhancement for Agro-Pastoralist and Pastoralist
Project by Dawi Development and Management Consultancy , January, 2018, Addis Ababa

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Page 6 of 12
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene problem:
The iron pipes of the water supply (with pipeline extension) at Dayu kebele were installed before six
years and remained idle without water flowing into theme and affected by corrosion and resulted in
frequent leakage and breakage across the line. The old rusted iron pipes need a replacement with flex-
ible PVC pipes as leakage and breakage are so frequent at this juncture which might create frustration
with the committees15. There is also infringement of dirty water into the source of the spring devel-
opment scheme meaning dirty water gets into the collection chamber especially when it rains which
undermines the quality of water provided to the community. Thus, it is important to implement com-
plementary watershed management and soil conservation practices at the upper perimeter of the de-
veloped springs. Moreover, the WASH committee and water care takers are recently established at
Dayu water supply scheme. Thus, more capacity building, strengthening the management system,
transparency and accountability in water fees management 16; repair and maintenance of water supply
schemes, and rehabilitation of irrigation canals complemented by capacity building support for Water
Users Associations (WUA) are badly needed mechanisms for realizing the chances of outcomes sus-
tainability.
There are many hand-dug wells at Irba and Chirri kebeles constructed by Wako Gutu Foundation.
However, some of them are fracture, malfunctioned and stopped working or partially working. These
need to be rehabilitated and serve the community at this water scarcity challenge.
Moreover, until this date the sensitization of sanitation and hygiene has not been undertaken to the
extent that the area is vulnerable to acute diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases.

4. Target Groups
Kindly provide information on the target groups – direct and indirect target groups if applicable and
elaborate on
number of persons, according to sex and age
ethnic particularities (if applicable)
social, economic and cultural status
if the target group is organised: structure, working methods etc. of the organised groups
participation of the target group in the planning process and the further participation in the imple-
mentation, monitoring and evaluation of the project
The project intends to directly benefit 1,500 (600 women headed households plus very poor women
individuals) pastoral and agro-pastoral households in Dallo Manna district, 40% are women and 15%
are youth section.
The project also envisages that some 2,000 pastoral and agro-pastoral households will be benefited
indirectly from the nearby/adjacent districts with the same gender segregation ratio.
There is high consideration on the gender integration across all phases of this project cycle manage-
ment (PCM) since the community in the target districts is patriarchal society and there is clear femini-
zation of poverty that relegated the women to have little or no asset control and command.
The foundation has long presence in the Dallo Manna district and achieved demonstrated outcomes
throughout the two phases of LEAP projects, and the intention is to scale up and ensuring the sustain-
ability achieved so far.
The direct beneficiary households segregated by kebeles and gender are presented as below.

Target beneficiaries in the intervention kebeles

Name of Male Female Youth Total
kebele
Chirri 225 200 75 500
Dayyu 180 160 60 400
Gongoma 90 80 30 200
Malka Amanna 90 80 30 200
Irba 90 80 30 200
Total 675 600 225 1500
The beneficiary selection criteria are the following:
 Participants of one of the LEAP projects (either the past or on-going) implemented in the tar-
get kebeles
 Have better records and human stories during the implementation of LEAP projects

15 Wako Gutu Foundation (WGF): Midterm Evaluation Report of Livelihood Enhancement for Agro-Pastoralist and Pastoralist
Project by Dawi Development and Management Consultancy , January, 2018, Addis Ababa
16 Wako Gutu Foundation (WGF): Midterm Evaluation Report of Livelihood Enhancement for Agro-Pastoralist and Pastoralist

Project by Dawi Development and Management Consultancy , January, 2018, Addis Ababa

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  Demonstrated interest and demand for inclusion in the project
5. Expected Outcome and Impact
Please define the development goal to which the project aims to contribute (impact level).

To contribute to improved, stable and sustainable livelihoods for agro-pastoralists and pastoralists
Kindly specify the project objective to be accomplished within the project period (outcome level).

Sustainable food security and diversified incomes supporting gendered value chains ensured

Please spell out up to three indicators to monitor the extent the project objective has been achieved.

 Agricultural productivity (measured by yield per hectare) of 4oo households (35% female-headed)
increased from x% (baseline value) to 40% due to appropriate dry-land farming and farm intensi-
fication
 Five producer groups (two apiculture, three horticulture) formalized/licensed and linked to mar-
kets
 1200 households practised better sanitation and hygiene due to the availability of safe water and
intensive WASH promotion.

If possible, kindly provide at least one indicator differentiated by sex or add a gender dimension to
one of the indicators

If the planned project is composed of different project components, kindly use the spread sheet at-
tached.

If possible, kindly describe possible unintended (positive and negative) outcomes or impacts of the
project.

Unintended Positive Outcomes

The effective planning, implementation and delivery of important activities and key services incorpo-
rated in to the project could improve the working culture and saving habits and enhance the role of
smallholders and increase their bargaining power in local grain and livestock marketing initiatives. By
way of promoting different self-managed economic groups and mutual associations, the value of col-
lective actions over individual efforts will be eventually instilled in the minds and daily practices of the
local communities
Besides the project intervention may also facilitate the promotion of sedentary agricultural activities
with a multiplier effect of attracting other households in the target localities to engage in the produc-
tion of various food crops. The introduction of crop production and further scaling up of agricultural
activities might also induce pastoralist settlements, which in turn creates enabling environment for
the provision of basic social and infrastructural services by the government and other development
partners.
Unintended Negative Outcomes
Implementation of the proposed project apart from facilitating the introduction of positive changes
and results might also cause some unintended negative impacts among target households as well as
local communities in the target Kebeles as explained under.

Effective utilization and further scaling up of the irrigation scheme might attract other households
into the project areas and may significantly induce mass settlement that may lead to conflict over the
use of irrigation schemes and polygamous marriage that virtually invades the women rights.

Relative increase in the amount of income and increased crop production and productivity may be
negatively perceived leading to indulging in bad expenditure habits. Some household heads might be
easily tempted and resort to spend their newly found economic fortunes on consumption of Chat and
smoking of cigarettes.

Though, goats are the most productive livestock, they are active in grazing and destroying natural
vegetation. The goats browse mainly on shrubs, as the animals/goats need better feed, they can leave
bare-land. Therefore a forage production activity has to be included under agricultural activities.

Has the baseline data been collected and documented? If not: When and how do you
intend to collect and document the data?

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Available reports and evaluation findings as well as evidences from grey literature have been collected.
Structured and close-ended questionnaires have also been disseminated to our field offices and filed
to complement the information.

Which instruments and methods do you intend to apply to assess the outcome of the
project?

The foundation will conduct continuous project monitoring using interviews and group discussions
and also document output and outcome logs. Self-assessment and independent evaluations are also
expected to verify the impacts of the project.

Which measures do you intend to apply to ensure the sustainability of the above stated
intended outcome?

At village level water and development committees were already established,; the foundation then
continues to deliver refresher trainings and link them with local government and non-government
institutions and social institutions so as to make them feel of ownership and belongingness. Irrigation
groups, self-help groups and saving and credit groups will also be strengthened and generate income
that can further backstop and make seminal the project’s outcomes in the locale.
The Locally negotiated tariffs from the beneficiaries for water maintenance and community cost-
sharing continues to be a key resource mobilization strategy that helps to ensure the sustainability of
the water and irrigation schemes.
6. Activities
Please describe in detail the measures and activities planned to achieve the project objective.
Informed by the afore-mentioned problems, the project will undertake the following activities

Support improved rain-fed and irrigation based dry-land farming that includes production of early-
maturing, drought-tolerant, disease resistant and nutritious crop varieties, provision of inputs and
strong capacity building, climate friendly farming such as soil fertility management, natural resources
conservation, irrigation and agronomic practices, irrigation water management, sustainable intensifi-
cation, integrated pest and weed management, post-harvest loses management, agro-forestry and
conservation farming, negotiated approaches to shared water conflict resolution, and so forth.

Gender inclusive value chains and Linkages; smallholder’s apicultural and horticultural gendered
value chains supported by synchronized linkages of self-help groups, cooperatives, and village saving
and credit associations, and also learning and collaboration events with local agricultural research
centres and nearby universities plus selected traditional knowledge hubs like Konso terracing. Added
is the income diversification aspect both from on-farm and off-farm opportunities.

Rehabilitate the irrigation and water schemes located at Chirri irrigation scheme, Gomgoma irrigation
scheme, Dayu water scheme, and selected hand-dug wells in Irba and Chirri kebeles. Moreover, solar
pumps will also be supplied as operation cost reduction strategy for irrigation/producer groups
Capacity building and institutionalization of social structures like water, sanitation and hygiene com-
mittees, water users association, and allied user-based cost recovery systems for operation and
maintenance will also be enhanced.

Kindly note the following:

Please state if any activities specifically target either women or men.

In case the project has several objectives, kindly use the spread sheet enclosed.
The activities should be aligned to the structure of the budget.
Kindly check whether an external evaluation needs to be scheduled for the respective project period. If
so: Please specify when.

1. Sustainable food security and diversified incomes supporting gendered value chains
ensured

The specific objective is in general concerned with improving the production and productivity of pas-
toral and agro-pastoral farmers using best-bet dry-land farming practices for sustainable production
systems. It includes provision of inputs and delivery of capacity building in area of drought-tolerant,

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disease resistant, early maturing and nutritious crop varieties, soil fertility and conservation agricul-
ture, , training on options of off-farm and on-farm income generation like youth organized to operate
on agro-forestry/nursery plots, sisal production, processing and marketing, irrigation and agronomic
training, revamping former irrigation (including provision of equipment like solar pumps) and water
schemes, integrated and biological pest and weeds management, on-farm and post-harvest losses
management, scheduled alliance and learning events and knowledge sharing tours with research cen-
tres and local indigenous practices, delivery of sanitation and hygiene practices and so forth as de-
tailed below as per the activity categories.
1. Support improved rain-fed and irrigation based dry-land farming
1.1. Provide orientation workshop for 300 agro-pastoralists and pastoralists on dry-land farming, con-
servation agriculture, soil fertility management in six sessions, each session lasts 1 day long and each
session has 50 participants
1.2. Provide orientation workshop and front-demonstration showcases, and allied inputs (seeds) on
nutritious food processing, preparation and consumption for 100 households in three sessions, each
session lasts 1 day long and each session has 33 participants
1.3. Provide orientation workshop for 100 agro-pastoralists on rain-feed/agronomic and irrigation
practices in three sessions, each session lasts 1 day long and each session has 33 participants
1.4. Provide orientation workshop for 150 agro-pastoralists on integrated pest and weed management,
and on-farm and post-harvest loses management in three sessions, each session lasts 1 day long and
each session has 50 participants
1.5. Provide orientation workshop on grafting, preparation of rootstock and scions, orchard and cano-
py management, etc. in three sessions for 100 participants, each session lasts 1 day long and each ses-
sion has 33 participants.
1.6. Mount stakeholder-government partnership and negotiation platforms in three sessions (30 par-
ticipants per session), one event lasts one day
1.7. Conduct five learning alliance workshops with selected agriculture research institutions (Melkasa,
Melka Werar, Sinana, Holeta agricultural Research Centres and Yabello dry-land & pastoral research
centre),), 30 participants each, one event lasts three days.
1.8. Conduct two farmers field days/tour visits for experience sharing with in-country traditional in-
novative farming practices like Konso terracing, Konso spate irrigation scheme etc., 30 participants,
one event lasts three days each.
1.9. Provide 6 solar pumps for irrigation producer groups, each group constituted with 10 farmers
2. Gender inclusive value chains and Linkages
2.1. Provide orientation workshop for 50 apiculture and horticulture producers (25-apiculture&25
horticulture producers) in 2 sessions, each session lasts 1 day long and each session has 25 partici-
pants
2.2. Provide ancillary inputs for 50 (25 apiculture, 25 horticulture) honey and horticulture producers
2.3. Mount four business-to-business (B2B) workshops and establish sustainable links (producers
with buyers), 30 participants each
2.4. Construct three market-shed for horticulture producer groups for organized petty horticulture
traders/gulits
2.5. Strengthen nursery sites (nursery gardens and nursery plots, 100 volunteer farmers/youths in two
sessions
2.6. Organize, train and provide production equipment for 30 youth/scouts on sisal production, pro-
cessing, and marketing
2.7. formalize/make licensed, and transfer revolving fund to transform the 20 self-help groups in to
saving and credit associations (SCAs)
3. Rehabilitate the irrigation and water schemes
3.1. Rehabilitate the Dayu water supply scheme
3.2. Rehabilitate Gomgoma Irrigation Scheme
3.3. Maintain or replace irrigation canal at Chirri to reduce existing water seepage
3.4. Rehabilitate five small sized hand-dug wells in Irba and Chirri kebeles
3.5. Provide training on negotiated approach to shared water management for upstream-downstream
users, 60 participants in two sessions
3.6. Provide local sensitization workshops/village levels (conduct house visits and strengthening of
WASH committee and volunteers/promoters) on better sanitation and hygiene practices for 1800
households

7. Expenditure and Income Plan

The expenditure plan should refer to the following main expenditure items:
Project activities

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Personnel
Administration
Procurement (if applicable)
Construction (if applicable)
Evaluations (if applicable)
The income plan should reflect the amounts of different income sources:
Project partner´s own means
Domestic funds raised by project partner
Foreign funds raised by project partner
Project partner´s funds raised by the European Union
Other German public funds raised by project partner
Funds requested from Bread for the World

Please make sure that total expenditure equals total confirmed income.

8. Risk Assessment
Please describe possible risks that might jeopardise project implementation and achievement of the
project objective.

If there are any risks, how may you address them?

The potential risks, probability/likelihood of occurrence, potential impact, and mitigation mecha-
nisms are detailed in the following risk matrix.

Potential risks Probability Impacts Mitigation mechanisms

Schemes con- Medium This makes service- organize dialogues on ethical water man-
structed to pro- overburdened and agement strategies including up-stream
vide services brews conflict and down-stream negotiation and conflict
might potentially resolutions
attract nearby but
non-targeted
communities

Sudden internal Medium It can be vulnerable to The project continues to host stakeholder
displacement roaming shepherds platforms and community dialogues in-
along the Somali- and might be debili- volving Aba Gadas, scouts and policy
Ethiopia corridors tate d from its scratch authorities
and ethnic con- posing peril to the
flicts promising changes

The area is very High If severe, it may com- The project promotes climatically smart
susceptible to pletely back-slide the dry-land agricultural practices (adapta-
climate change poor to the poverty tion and mitigation strategies) and also
and recently re- trap. makes strict follow-up to disseminate
peating itself even predicted agro-ecology information in
within two to collaboration with trusted organizations
three years like national meteorological agency

The recent occur- High This discourages The project promotes and provides train-
rence of American farmers’ motivation ings on integrated bio-physical pest man-
Army worm for production and agement strategies
adoption and hence
productivity

9. Recommendations
Do you cooperate with churches or church organisations in the implementation of the project? If so:
Please describe the scope of cooperation.

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Please add a letter of recommendation from a church or church organisation related to your working
environment, if possible. If not: Kindly provide a letter of recommendation from a NGO known to the
financing partner or from a government body.

Place/date: Place/date:

Evangelisches Werk für Diakonie und Entwicklung e. V.

for Brot für die Welt

First name/Surname:
First name/Surname:

Position:
Position:

...................................................................... ....................................................................
Signature of the person responsible for the Stamp and signature of the project partner’s
dialogue with the project partner authorised legal representative

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