Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Parasit Ology
Parasit Ology
hol8 NlondlocaWandacondMIIMClde~
ce11e1,
•Mllltalbm
• Pcsotenic host - a 11oe1 w-.. ,. a~~ a
• Commtraalsm ¥elidtlorMC1CN1gca,~hoef.....,h ....... holl,
• ,annillm le lis rdMC.-y t«h ~ clhpa,alilt, .cycle.
'
',Mutualnmf~ Pamifun1
\'
/ '-.___ _/,
•IASIC CONCf"5 Of ,AIASIIOtOGT
LAB DIAGNOSES
---------------
LAB DIAGNOSES ~ DIRECT EVIDENCES
. Blood-in tae pacuc neaom whole.,. pa,mh lhll" arr eawipllo on., i;... er, rdc:-, ol hut.,.,....,, htlm....,_ a
I
✓ by
s1agt o1 its drtfflpment ci'CIA<NI ri lht blood man.
exCllinalon o1 blood Im fonm ont ol lie meat pr_..,... fol
spoclcdaiJ!osi,
I red.octon "mle blood ctl OOlftl ii m indc-, ol lo:»arar
.,, cn,1110 i, a lwalln ol t.>olcwoon iftttaion <rd mdcrio
fxampl,:
, i-,Mdcrio lit paeans en loinl nude h ..d blood II °" ~" ~ .,_~
c...
In lalaollial crd Mdaycr, liabll. rncrc8aiat en
kM,dr, litbloodpio,mo
I • Serologicol tests -en cllriod
crlligom0110,aid,le.
_ , __J
I L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _" _ ____J
7
IAB DIAGNOSES TREATMENT
o 0
(l C 6
ox........,
ol h tlool fcnns er, i-.,o,kri pat it the
~
• Slool -
ciai,,osi, ol ~ paaiilc iftcb, cr,d dsolo,those
t.tmmic parailwtthalloccm ith biay taclcrd Many po,otfic inftclions can bt curtd by sptcitic chtmothtr0py. The
clochcrgt thoi.ggsitlohirnn. g19altst advanctS hove l>Hn made in the lrtofmtnf of protozoal
, U... - •hon h ,.._ loc<UI it h lfflllY tact. h Le t distas,s.
t1a....... olh1mtwilbeol~it~h -
~.
~ ciaptit. kif the nalmtnt of iritsfinci htlmrithiois. drugs en given oraly lor
bcrnplo.
dncf aclion on fht ti.lminlht1. To obfoin maximum paroncidol
tlltct, tt is dtsiroblt that the dnlgs administtrtd should not bt
In LIMY Sdislotornicais. .ggs ol Sditlosoma absorbtd and the dnlgs should also havt minimum loxic ttltct on tht
••' I}.
haemaloiaffn 011 fowidin h ,mo.
host.
lnCG1Holchyk,iclcanedbyWuchnriabor!aolli, •• t'• I ~
mic1o1ibiao ore lwid in h ,mo • , 11
.. ;. ' i}
TERMINOLOGY
MfaS11m may b. laun ogallSI fftry paraslt inltcing i.mans. ~ • C-= Ir, ~ e.:h:>,1 hll haloono pao, ,.01\l A"'l'(lhie ol
~ ,t t) otw,,
fflfQSlffS dHgntd lo brtok ! h t ~ cydt en cruoai lo S¥ccffllul
pcl'Oiic t!Odicafion. S~ch lnt(!Slff! 1ndude: c..io.. ~
1 n. .,,. cl iNldiodn en! 0hr damic:ds -.I ID add h -..c1Dr &du,x>cail. Pca:,n, tllrld fl!ldp a hod
popJaion ,..,,_, Bb;idor i m , e ~
PREVENTION TERMINOLOGY
• Gfl:Md: ConlamgO¥O
I
· Ooc.,.t Encysled loon ot on egg
• Siad sorrples shoukl be ht ol onliniaobiol agern ex other
iutxlonces lhol riribi! paosite growth. Sorum !from
enemas) con obsa.,e paasites di.King microscopic
I • ,.._., HJ cxgomm lhol obtains ,ts ooi'lenh rom onot.e< o,gcrilffl Ifie hos I) vhle
t-amnghlhod
exorninolion. ,Cll'C!lhn,: Syrrboic relak>nshp r, v"1ch one men-ber beneih al lhe e,peme of
I onolle< ment>er (lhe hos!)
o.r. • Synao,il; HJ 0 JSOC10fion belv.een ll'IC> "' rrore agau1111of diffMnl ipeoe,
--------- - -- - - - - - - -- ---,
· Oplimal detection of pmu1ites often
requies concenaion ol specinen. · INTESTINAL PROTOZOA
• 1) Gross txaminalion of stool rooy detect adult · General Charaderistics
fooru. portk,-ulo~ helminths (woons).
• 2) Conctn\"alion procedures fa feces remo~ · Pwudopod, ae extensions of cyloplosm providing mofiify urjque lo
deblis thof could obscure parasites. Baium is not omeboe.
remo~ d11ing coocenlrotion praced11es. · Trophozoi!e and cysi stages ore port of fhe omeboe life cyde.
• 3) Fecal concentralion methods • Most amebic lnlecfions ore spread to hum:ms through contaninated
• Farrotr>e-n,I ccetole sed,menloton waler.
• 1,-,csvl'o:ellolota, • Cyst is lhe infecti.e stage, whereaslhe trophozcite is lhe adive
, Sl'eo ..... "-90' lkllofla"_ reproduction slag• deslroyed by storroch acid.
· laborofory identific:alian: Miaoscopic idenffcalion of cysts (i, formed
• 4) Blood concenhation methods sfoob) and lrophozoites Pn iquid stools) based on ize, nuclear
, --.e ICnoll mtll>od .1e1 i0W-,;,ee<l c;en'11fl.-.lo' on to characlwristics, and inclusions
co-,ce,,!ro:e clood ,omp"' 1o.11pected or ccnonng
rrnmol'1u~ of poro,•es. · Size is one of fhe rrosl ~ ant a iferia fa idenlific:alion.
• loAtf cod sldr, ae used fa l 8ffl'<Yl0 or
rrw corosorrVJ oef 8Cfla'I
L
7
· MOIJ)hologic terms amclat.d with protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica c~
MORPHOLOGY:
~ - --
{~ Nlngt in lia flom 8-22 um.
and !hey art spherical.
✓I Coniai!IS I -4 nuclei: ~
chromalin n1iiiaiia' unilonnly
dmibuled.
' KCll'fOtOIM is centrally located
Morphologicany, E. histolytk;a is identical to the
' CVtopla,1!1 is lntty_ll!Qnvlarwilh nonpathogen E. dispar. These two species_can be
cliroinalcid ban with round ends.
differentiated by immunologic assays detecting surface
anffgens.
lnlNi,c,IAffloebat lnl9tlindAmoebal
'
' l hislolylica lropho10iles lrophozolle stage.
contain one nucleus. and they
-.semble lhote lound In the cyst • fxaminallan ol lonned or semilonned
leces for cyst~.
✓Cyloplawn Is lnety granulcl' and
may conlail red lllood eel
(IIC)indniofts. p,9Mnce IICsi,
inlothl ......._ ■ conoidorod
-- -
...... o i l ~
- - - - 4 - 11
Entamoeba histolytica
WittlildA.-bca
Entamoeba coli
~·---
MORPHOLOGY: liJ-
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: Cyst chaloctemla
,,
1X!WN1Ul111Al AMOUIASIS. ✓Cysts ronre
In sire ..om 8 lo 40
um. and ey ore spherical.
, Diagnosed by the u,e of sconNng
procedures for Iver and other
✓N confcins 1
~phetal c
gg_e1; the
nIs cocne
o,gans. and unevenly clslllbuled. YOUIHI
~ may conkin a large central
• Specllc serologic tem.logeffter ogenmon.
wlh mlc101coplc examination of the ✓l(myosome is eccentric and large
obscen maleflm. con conlnn the
clognosis. ✓~~~~·~~
ends.
fl
lntHm Amoeb<R
11
( ~ A.-bca
''·
col con inclcote pmence
of pathogetic OIV(Jnlsms.
✓Needs to be cllerenloted m
E. hhtolyltco lor purposes of
lrealrnent
I
• '\ "·
••
fl •
Morphologr:lllecknliclom!vCliMincianlftf
hom 4 to Ml um end conl.irl a lalge cenl.al
~tiat• about molt. celvai.-
lhn ilan ~ liig ol cyt.,plan will 9"fl
nuclei caound the cenl.d ~ -
--- ))
RAGfUATU
RAGEILATU
RAGflLATU RAGEILATU
w
RAGfllATU
R.AGEllAllS
Dientamoeba fragilis
Giardia lamblia Ncm
', .
TREATMENT
t . . . CCJMI cl cianMa ccaad b¥ D. . . .
ocair In lnilwlcllCIII M1Qln dow ~ wdl ca
.. t#lfY._. fW' .__.. . . . . . . lb.
, fo,' asyn,ptomaic Camtl'S and
i"mCIIH , coltgl !lucltrl,, cn1ma.yrt<Mh 0 ....__..,..~.-i~,,.
~
....
.......-..-,.~
ci1fO,td pafitnls tilt drug of choice ✓lmch lht mucotal lnlg ol lht largt W
...._ -~ .....ir.-..rUIII
•p--:.lo,q#-•
is quinacnnt hydrochloride or I ,
PREVENTION ✓-- ii no cyrl tlagl cnl lht tit cyclt II nol ...·
n,fffOridazolt cllhd.
- Atyq,lomak MM1VOn cl nec1ion ihoud
be idlnllitd' -..cl. w.ctiom_.ct
Diagno•s:
- -'•~ akouluni.altd lood cnl wale!.
✓ AbdomiM pm, Microscopic examination of tl'Ophozoitts
- Dlningwallrliom ldlnnd tlr9Clllll ihoud ✓ And plllM [ildwlg) In the stool
be boiecl 111119d Clld/OI ioch ti.dtd,
I
Fu\GELIA!U \ RAGEllATU
(Wectw•l
«...,
; MOT: ccriarninaad lood
h c-,.t tlagl
✓Genody no,,pd,ogl,ic but has bNn
contan,g
-..........
-~· ~,
.;..i._.,,,.,.......,.
._.
._.,. ,.,,
........ ...,.
,_
Trophoroila charact.ristics:
✓Sia range from 5 lo lt um; lhty Cllt
~c-
motile by 1M<1ns of hyalint pttudopods
aaociaad lritl checM in lmmunosuppr9Md and art round-shaped
pcMl'ft
✓#N,<A cells contain 1wo nuclei withovt
peripheral cl'lomotin but with clumps of
" lllocy,t- ■ su...,5h>10,..llo.....,aodil
,,. nuclear cl'lomotin
...----.........-
oYd-tlq>od
✓The cytoplasm is vacuolot.d with bocltriol
✓ C.--otlnglt oocloon ..,.ol inclusions
.,,.. ....,...... ~
Balanfidium coli
Trophozoites c:harad.nslia
Gfllllal ehalactemlits
. Mo1tbydia ✓bvt In lirup to 100.m In leflglh
. rropt,ozoits and cym en
and 70 ,m In wldlll
part of the • cydt ✓lbh~. ~codlin2
Melli
. lalanidium col is the ONy
tptdls pathogenic lcr ✓Has one or two cOlmlCII ,actoles
tiumon wth cia C110und hell
b - - j>
I
< CIIATES CI IATES
0
0
I
\ ClllATES , INTU1IIAl SPOIOIOA I
-
tNTfSTINAL SPOROZOA INTESTINAL SPOROZOA
•
{
c,yptosporidium porvum
LAl()IAIOIT DIAGIIOSIS:
f~~~)
• isolpoliCllis, c ~ a d by .md Oocytl CIICIIOd9'1111C1
ciClmea lo wv... dytenlely • The CMi oocyst ~ 11 a hom 2S lo 4l 1.111
lnlqlh
'11 • '
.t\ \ J,J "'THEil IS NO ffRCTTVf DIUG lltEIAPT
Idll~
s,auacnlcmcinslwo
4 tpOfOmht taet,
di,:~,.:.~
,_.J ..... ~.
)I
j
ii
_ _
- --- - - - - - --
-- - - - -- - - - ·- - - -- - - - -
• INTUTlNAl SPOIOlOA IIITUTIW SPOlOlOA
INTESTINAL SPOROZOA
Cyclospora cayetanensis
- . INTESTINAL SPOROZOA
lsospora belll
IIITU1IIA1 SPOIOlOA
INTESTINAL SPOROZOA
Cyclospora cayet<l'lensls
MOT: hoult, lngetlic,r, olbalih. --,.ca.
..-scbl. . . . . .
· " ' - en h rriy hotl lo, C. cayeble.,lis
lrNclonscaaed
. Nortioodr dcma
~