AUTOMATIC WATERING SYSTEM USING

ARDUINO
P Sivakumar P Naveen A Rohan, A Sreekanth, B Rakesh
Professor Assistant Professor Department of Electronics and
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering Kalasalingam Academy of Research
Kalasalingam Academy of Research Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education
and Education and Education Krishnan koil, Tamilnadu
Krishnan koil, Tamilnadu Krishnan koil, Tamilnadu rohanadapala07@gmail.com,
siva@klu.ac.in d.naveen@klu.ac.in sriikanth124@gmail.com
binnyrake@gmail.com

Abstract: The growing needs of man and the increasing population
of earth causes the scarcity of water. This greatly effects the plant
sand the requirement water management is high. In present scenario
the conventional methods of watering, like flood mode and sprinkler,
is not that much effective and is responsible for water wastage.
Improper watering systems create breeding areas for disease
spreading organisms. Hence, the way watering pants must be smart
and this is achieved by watering plants depending on the necessity of
plants and the moisture level of water. This project deals with
automated plant watering system that senses the moisture content of
the soil thus determining the necessity of pumping water with the
collected data. Also determines the minimum amount of water
required to maintain the balance between the soil defensible water
and environment parameters.
for people to monitor and manage the watering methods of
plants. From the previous mentioned facts, It is beneficiary to
implement a watering system that is economical, useful,
efficient, adoptable and helps to monitor the water levels of
crops by the different methods we discuss further that can be
implemented in any industry or garden or natural watering of
farms and crops. This development is made both in cultivation
and adaption but it involves the use of both automation and the
adaption of new technologies that are emerging Wee focused
on such a system and implemented using the following aspects.
The important aggregations of our projects are:
A. MOISTURE DETECTOR

Index terms: Arduino, soil moisture sensor, relay.
I. INTRODUCTION
At the present scenario, in the era of innovation where the
technology is growing in terms of electrical and other new
technologies, the life of people must be uncomplicated and
more favourable and there is a need for lot of self-working
system that are able to replace or bring down man's effort in
their daily tasks. We propose a similar system called automatic
self-plant watering system, which is basically a framework of
monitoring planting and agriculture opportunities that uses
sensors to detect the soil moisture content with a micro
controller and Arduino .Since asymmetrical watering results in
plant efficient elements loss in the soil and may even results in
spoil of the plants, Finding the method to find weather the
watering is necessary or not and to give what we have to water
the plants is foremost. Due to social process and inadequacy of
place people started growing plants in an unfit windowsill
location. It is very essential to use the water assets and a system
is mandatory, to manage this task without man's existence.
Machine-controlled watering system estimates and processes
the existing plant and then materials required along with the
amount of water quantity needed by that plant, dropping the
amount water to let the plants be water efficient.
II. PROJECT AIM AND FOCUS
People do not find time to find efficient way to water plants and
neither do they find time to water plants. .It is typical for them
to find the the way to keep the plants healthy. Even it is typical
We use a moisture detector that uses sensing element in it to
find the amount of moisture present in the soil and is connected
to an external micro controller like an avr or Arduino. The
Arduino is connected to a computer to load a program to save
the obtained results and give the output to a display and to
control the amount of water flow. Also we use a humidity
sensor to find the amount of watering required for further flow
of plant to be healthy
B.THE METHOD OF WATERING PLANTS
The method of flowing water all by itself and monitoring the
same in a display to let the user know about it is the second
major task we need to solve.
When the Arduino gets level 1 as input the user gets a
display word of it and the first level of watering is done to
maintain the water humidity level required to match the water.
It has a system that can deliver a heavy load to pump the water.
The opposite work is happened when the logic low is received.
III. PROPOSED WORK
The number of components in the project are two known
as the moisture detector to sense the moisture and a micro
controller that is used to control the entire device. We preferred
Arduino Uno a toggling device to turn on and off the watering
method. The amount of water present should match the amount
of humidity in the soil and is measured by using humidity
sensor. The typical values of moisture and sensor values to
toggle is concluded by measuring with much larger equipment
to find the precise values to fix varies depending on the climate.
If the mount of measured value is larger than actual required
value, the pumping of water is suppressed and the water is
conserved for future use.

IV. WORKING AND IMPLEMNTATION

The working of the proposed project deals a lot of various topics

and cannot be explained in a single paper. Kindly refer the
various mentioned references to get a detailed view. Let us put
forth a bird eye view version of the project model and
implementation. We use a rectifier in the circuit that gets an
input from the transformer and the power supply maintained
constant. The output of rectifier is given to both the Arduino
and the relay modules used in the projects and the amount of
water humidity is to be found by using the humidity and the soil
moisture sensors and the output is given Arduino as high or low
that is logic 0 or logic 1 and the output thus given is processed
by the Arduino and the pumping of water is done based on the
sensing value
Fig 2: Block diagram

VII. ALGORITHM AND SOURCE CODE

Algorithm:
Step 1: Initialize sensor pin to the arduino digital pin 6: const
int sensorPin = 6;
Step 2: Initialize relay pin to the arduino digital pin 7; const int
relayPin = 7;
Step 3: Initially the sensor value is Zero
int sensorValue = 0;
Step 4: Create void main 'void setup()'
pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);
Step 5: Create void loop
Step 6: If sensor value is equal to 1 then relay pin is low
Fig 1: project image if (sensorValue==1)
{
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);
V. FUNCTIONS delay(500);
}
1. Automatic pumping toggle. Step 7: If sensor value is equal to 0 then relay pin is high
2. Moisture based Toggle. if (sensorValue==0)
3. Water harvesting. {
4. Easy Implementation. digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);
delay(500);
}
VI. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Source Code:
There are seven leading aggregations in our project. /*
The primary aggregation is the power supply block. This * Soil Sensor to pin 6
aggregation is the source of energy. Next aggregation is for * Relay to pin 7
rectification of relay and Arduino uno. The relay so got is used */
by sensor . Next aggregation is motor pump and rectification const int sensorPin = 6;
for later use. The final aggregation is the automation circuit, as const int relayPin = 7;
it determines sensor values to decide the pumping on or off the int sensorValue = 0;
water supply. void setup()
{
 pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT); important to use the general water conversations methods of the
pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); old ways and to follow new technologies to benefit the future
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); generations by conserving the maximum amount of water.
}
void loop() IX. CONCLUSION
{
sensorValue = digitalRead(sensorPin); The proposed system provides a vague output and cannot be
delay(10); dependent completely as all the plants aren’t having same
if (sensorValue==1) requirements for its watering needs. Some plants can be
{ survived with less amount of water and withstand drought
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); conditions. Monitoring a watering system based on the soil
delay(500); moisture level is not much efficient but provides a temporary
} solution to solve the problem. The development of the project
if (sensorValue==0) must be further done depending on the amount of water
{ required for the specific plant.
digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);
delay(500); REFERENCES
}
[1] Ning Wanga, Naiqian Zhangb, Maohua Wangc, "Wireless sensors in
delay(500);
plantsand food industry—Recent development and future perspective" ,science
} direct, 2006.
[2] Raul Morais, A. Valente, and C. Serôdio, "A Wireless Sensor Network for
Smart Irrigation and Environmental Monitoring: A Position Article" ,EFITA ,
2005.
[3] Y Kims, R.G. Evans, "Software design for wireless sensor based sitespecific
Flow Chart: irrigation ", Elsevier, 2009.
[4] Dan Teibel Pat Bowen, "Results from an Agricultural Wireless Sensor
Network", IEEE, 2004.
[5] Yunseop (James) Kim, Member, IEEE, Robert G. Evans, and William M.
Iversen, "Remote Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System Using a
Distributed Wireless Sensor Network" , IEEE, 2008.
[6] Aqeel-ur-Rehman, and Zubair A. Shaikh, "Towards Design of
ContextAware Sensor Grid Framework for Agriculture", 2008.
[7] Qiang Fu, Zhenxiang Xing, Yongsheng Ma, "Applying Multivariate
AutoRegression Model to Forecast the Water Requirement of Well Irrigation
Rice in Sanjiang Plain ", 2004
[8] Narayut Putjaikal, Sasimanee Phusael, Anupong Chen-Iml, Dr.Phond
Phunchongharnl, and Dr Khajonpong Akkarajitsakup, "A Control System in an
Intelligent Farming by using Arduino Technology ", IEEE, 2016.

Fig 3: Flow chart

VIII. FUTURE SCOPE

The future depends on internet of plants and it is a growing

industry that is having a large demand in the future. It solves
any complexities in the plants mutual connection. In the
generation of experiments there are many variations of
implementing an idea like use of a lot of sensors in the
application of a project to water the plants. Saving the time
through better watering methods to water the plants and saving
the wastage of water is possible. Using this system controlling
the amount of water wastage is reduced and the scope of
implementing a project to save water is necessary. The amount
of water released from the process of watering the plant. It is