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Assigment
Assigment
Assigment
crystalline material
Atoms are arranged in periodic (repetitive) 3-dimensional pattern over large atomic distances Examples:
All Metals, Many Ceramics, and some Polymers
Examples: Glasses
Q2)
Allotropic
Allotropy the existence of a chemical element in two or more forms which may differ in the
arrangement of atom in crystalline solid or in the occurrence of molecule that contain different number
of atoms.
Polymorphic:
The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal lattice.
Q3)
Unit cell:
Unit cells are the basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure defining the crystal
structure
There are different number of atoms per unit cells depending upon their structure.
Q4)
Volume of atoms in a unit cell divided by the Total unit cell volume
When FCC iron changed into the BCC iron its volume will decrease. As APF decrease from 0.74 to 0.68.
Q5)
Crystallographic Direction:
a line between two points and a vector
General rules for defining a crystallographic direction
• pass through the origin of a coordinate
system
• determine length of the vector
projection in the unit cell dimensions a,
b, and c
• remove the units [ua vb wc]---[uvw]
e.g [2a 3b 5c]--[2 3 5]
• uvw are multiplied and divided by a
common factor to reduce them to
smallest integer values
Crystallographic Directions [u v w]
Q6)
The term "closest packed structures" refers to the most tightly packed or space-efficient composition
of crystal structures (lattices). Imagine an atom in a crystal lattice as a sphere. While cubes may easily be
stacked to fill up all empty space, unfilled space will always exist in the packing of spheres.
BCC structure has no closed-packed planes and therefore does not have a stacking sequence.
BCC slip occurs on close-packed planes in close-packed directions. There are 4 close-packed directions:
[111], [111], (111], and [111] for the (11.0) plane. Close-packed planes in BCC are {lID}, {112}, and
{123}.
As parallel planes with the same atomic arrangement are equivalent the FCC structure has four
equivalent close packed planes. Using Miller indices from the previous crystallography experiment show
them to be {111} planes. Thus, the FCC structure has four {111} close packed planes.
Q7)
The face centered cubic and hexagonal close packed structures both have a packing factor of 0.74,
consist of closely packed planes of atoms, and have a coordination number of 12.
The difference between the fcc and hcp is the stacking sequence. The hcp layers cycle among the two
equivalent shifted positions whereas the fcc layers cycle between three positions. As can be seen in
the image, the hcp structure contains only two types of planes with an alternating ABAB arrangement.