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DESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A

MOUTH-DWELLER ISOPOD, Ceratothoa
carinata (Bianconi 1869) PARASITIC IN
SHORTFIN SCAD, Decapterus macrosoma
(Bleerker 1851)

Presented by: Maria Dy Clavaton

1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Introduction, Significance, Objectives Scope & Limitations

2 METHODS

3 RESULTS & DISCUSSION

4 CONCLUSION
BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
 INTRODUCTION

Shortfin Scad (Decapterus macrosoma, Bleerker 1851)

Phylum

Class
Chordata Order
Actinopterygii
Family
Perciformes

Carangidae
 INTRODUCTION

Shortfin Scad (Decapterus macrosoma, Bleerker 1851)

Distinctive features:

 Body slender, elongate, and somewhat circular in cross section;

 Posterior end of upper jaw concave above, rounded and produced
below;
 Scales on top of head do not extend forward to beyond posterior
margin of pupil;
 Color metallic blue dorsally, silvery ventrally;
 fins hyaline;
 Opercle with a small black spot; and
 Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 338; Anal spines: 3
; Anal soft rays: 27 – 30
INTRODUCTION
Parasitic Isopod
 INTRODUCTION
Parasitic Isopod

Phylum

Class
Chordata Order
Malacostraca
Family
Isopoda

Cymothoidae
 INTRODUCTION
Parasitic Isopod

 crustacean obligate parasites of both freshwater and

marine fishes
 attach to the external surfaces, gills or inside the buccal-
cavity
 high host and site specificity
 growth inhibition, malnutrition, anaemia and death in smaller
fish
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
 Increasing need to survey fishes and their parasite fauna
 Very little is known about the cymothoid isopods in the Philip
pines
 Accurate species identification is essential to understand bio
diversity, biogeography, biosecurity, biology, ecology, conser
vation and animal health.
 Determine geographic population structure in wild fish and t
o identify appropriate fishery management units.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
General Objective
 To identify and describe the morphological characteristics
of Ceratothoa species parasitic on the buccal cavity of the
host fish (Decapterus macrosoma)

Specific Objective
 To determine the prevalence and mean intensity of the
parasite to the host fish
 To illustrate and identify the body parts of the parasite
 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study is limited to the host fish species and cymothoid

isopod to be collected. The parasites are often removed by the
market sellers and as well as the fishermen by the time the
host fish species were caught. The site location is in the Roxas
City market.
METHODOLOGY
 METHODOLOGY

Fish Fish Parasite Examination

Collection Observation Preparation & Observation

• Decapterus
• Morphological • Dissection
macrosoma
• Mouth observation & • Clearing
• Roxas City,
observation measurement • Illustration
Capiz market
• Naked eye and • Washed, fixed • Description &
• Fish Disease
stereoscope & stored (70% Identification
Laboratory of
ethyl alcohol)
CFOS, UPV

1 2 3 4
RESULTS
 LOCATION AND POSITION OF THE
CYMOTHOID ISOPOD IN THE HOST FISH

 Buccal cavity
 7 fish specimens were
infected
 Prevalence: 100
Mean intensity: 1 1 cm

Female cymothoid isopod

Figure 1. Female (F) cymothoid isopod inside the
buccal cavity of shortfin scad, Decapterus
macrosoma. The host fish was caught in
the Roxas City, Capiz market in April
2019. Scale bar = 1 cm.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Table 4.1 Body length and width measurement of the seven (7) female
cymothoid isopods
Specimen Number Total length (mm) Total width (mm)
1 2.8 1.0
2 2.6 0.8
3 2.5 0.8
4 2.5 0.8
5 2.5 0.9
6 2.6 1.0
7 2.4 0.7
AVE 2.56 0.86
SD 0.13 0.11
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

1 mm 1 mm

Figure 2. Ovigerous female (F) cymothoid isopod, unfixed specimen:

left, dorsal view; right, ventral view.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

 Narrow body;
 Yellow-white in color;
 Median longitudinal ridge on the dors
al surface;
 Body length is 2.0 times larger than it
s greatest width;
 Body is segmented and consists of a
cephalon, 7 pereonites, 5 pleonites,
1 mm
a pleotelson.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Figure 3. Whole body illustration of female (F) cymothoid isopod:

left, dorsal view; right, ventral view
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Figure 3. Whole body illustration of female (F) cymothoid isopod:

lateral view
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Table 4.1 Morphological measurements of appendages of the female cymothoid isopod.

Appendage Length (mm) Width (mm)

Cephalon 0.5 0.5
Pereonite 1 0.4 0.15
Pereonite 2 0.4 0.2
Pereonite 3 0.4 0.2
Pereonite 4 0.5 0.3
Pereonite 5 0.5 0.3
Pereonite 6 0.5 0.3
Pereonite 7 0.5 0.3
Pleonite 1 0.5 0.5
Pleonite 2 0.5 0.4
Pleonite 3 0.4 0.3
Pleonite 4 0.4 0.4
Pleonite 5 0.4 0.4
Pleotelson 0.7 1.0
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

 Cephalon: triangular in shape with blunt

rostrum
 Eyes: distinct
 Pereonite:
• Width: 4 & 5, widest; 1, narrowest
• Length: 5-7, progressively narrower
• 7: extends past under the pleonite 2
 Uropod: does not extend past posterior
margin of pleotelson
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

 Pleon: narrower than pereon  Pleonites:

 Coxa: • Width: 1, narrower; 2-5,
• 2-3: posteroventral angles wider & subequal
rounded • Posterior margin: concave
• 4-7: small, distinct point
 Pleotelson:
• wider than long
• medially concave posterior
margin.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

 Antennule: contact and broad

 Pereopods: 7 pairs
• 1-3: extend anteriorly
• 4-7: extend posteriorly
• 6 & 7: slightly larger than 1-5
 Pleopods: 5 pairs; decrease in size
posteriorly
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Figure 4. Mouth illustration of female (F) cymothoid isopod

DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Figure 5.
Left, Antennule;
Right, Antenna

 Antennule more stout and slightly longer than antenna

 Both comprise of 7 articles; peduncle articles 1 and 2 are distinct
and articulated
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Figure 6.
Left, Maxilliped;
Right, Mandible

 Mandible not expanded; mandible palp article 2 longer than article 3

 Maxilliped consist of 3 articles
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Figure 7. Pereopod 1-7 of female cymothoid isopod: J, pereopod 1; K, pereopod 2; L, pereopod 3;

M, pereopod 4; N, pereopod 5; O, pereopod 6; P, pereopod 7.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

• Pereopod 1 basis 1.5x as

long as the greatest width
(0.3 mm)
• Ischium 0.8x as long as b
asis
• Merus proximal margin
w/o bulbous protrusion
• Carpus w/ straight
proximal margin
• Propodus 1.7x as long
as wide
• Dactylus slender; 1.2x as
long as propodus
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

• Pereopod 7 basis as long as the

greatest width (0.3 mm)
• Ischium 1.2x as long as basis,
w/ a large proximal bulbous
protrusion
• Merus 0.5x as long as wide,
0.3x as long as ischium;
proximal margin w/ large bulbous
protrusion
• Carpus 0.7x as long as wide,
0.3x as long as ischium
• Propodus 1.3x as long as wide,
0.5x as long as ischium
• Dactylus moderately slender;
2.2x as long as basal width
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

Figure 8 Pleopod 1-5: R, pleopod 1; S, pleopod 2; T, pleopod 3; U, pleopod 4; V, pleopod 5.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

 Pleopod Exopod
• lateral margin distally concave, distally narrowly rounded with
strongly oblique medial margin
 Pleopod Endopod
• lateral margin conves, distally narrowly rounded
• wider
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE CYMOTHOID ISOPOD

• Uropod same length as

pleotelson
• Endopod apically rounded,
peduncle lateral margin w/o
setae; rami not extending b
eyond
• Exopod apically rounded,e
xending to end of endopod
DISCUSSION
 DISCUSSION
Based on the morphological observations and examinati
on of the cymothoid isopod found in the buccal cavity of Decapter
us macro- soma, the parasite is identified as Ceratothoa carinata.

Remarks: The cymothoid isopod collected are characterized by:

(1) the pleotelson being wider than long with a concave posterior
margin;
(2) the median longitudinal ridge on the pereon dorsal surface;
(3) The adjacent dorsal surfaces on either side being somewhat
depressed or concave
(4) Pereopod 7 with a greatly enlarged carinate ischium and basis
(5) Antennule are stout and slightly longer than antenna
(6) Uropods do not extend past the end of pleotelson
 DISCUSSION
Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) was first recorded from
Mozambique, Indian Ocean

Similar studies:
o (Cruz-Lacierda & Nagasawa, 2017): First record of Norileca indica
parasitic on Selar crumenophthalmus and D. kurroides in the Philip-
pines
o (Nagasawa et al., 2014): Further record of C. carinata parasitic on
D. maruadsi in Japanese waters.
o (Martin et al., 2013): Redescription of C. carinataI and C. oxyrrhync
haena, buccal-attaching parasites new to Australia (Host fish: Selar
crumenophthalmus)
o (Saito, 2009): Note on a cymothoid isopod parasitic in the buccal-ca
vity of the round/amberstripe scad, D. maruadsi
o (Trilles, 1972): Non-ovigerous female C. carinata from yellow-band
ed snapper, Lutjanus adetii in New Caledonia
 DISCUSSION
The prevalence of infection of C. carinata in D. macroso
ma is 100% with a mean intensity of 1.0.
In the study conducted by Martin et al. (2013), the length
of ovigerous female is 31 mm. Other records indicate: 28-38 mm;
non-ovigerous females, 13-34 mm; male, 10-18 mm. The antennule
is composed of 7 articles while the antenna has 9 articles
However, in this study the average length of female
ovigerous isopod is 2.56 + 0.13 which is significantly smaller when
compared to the recorded length of C. carinata on other host fish.
The antenna has the same number of articles with antennule.
 DISCUSSION

This study provides a detailed description of C. carinata

and serve as a reference for taxonomic identification of the cymo-
thoid isopod species present in a certain host species. The new rec
ord reported increases the number of known Ceratothoa from Phili-
ppines and improves knowledge of the distribution and host
preference of the cymothoid isopod.
It will also help in distinguishing the differences among
Cymothoa species through morphological description and further
resolve taxonomic uncertainties within the genus and species level.
 CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATIONN
 CONCLUSION

In summary, this study morphologically describe and iden

tified a mouth-dweller isopod, Ceratothoa carinata, parasitic in short
fin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) from the Roxas City, Capiz mark
et. Morphological features of the parasite is identical to the descripti
on of Hadfield et al. (2016) and Martin et al. (2013).
This is the first record of C. carinata in shortfin scad,
D. macrosoma in the Phillipines. The parasite showed a 100% prev
alence and a mean intensity of 1.0.
 RECOMMENDATION

This will serve as a taxonomic reference for C. carinata

through morphological description and illustrations. Further exam-
ination may be done: collect and examine a male species of this
parasite and the prevalence and intensity of the isopod on greater
number of fish.
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- END-

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Simple Portfolio
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 Columns Style
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Thank you
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You can Resize without

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You can Change Fill Color &

Line Color

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 Fully Editable Icon Sets : C

You can Resize without

losing quality

You can Change Fill Color &

Line Color

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www.allppt.com