KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA

LENGGONG, PERAK
FIRE TUBE BOILER

COURSE CODE HHP 5024

COURSE TITLE BOILER,STEAM GENERATION AND THERMAL

HEATER

PROGRAMME DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

(PLANT MAINTENANCE)

GROUP NAME 1. MUHAMMAD FARIS BIN KASSIM (LG160 2118)

2. MUHAMAD SYARIZAL BIN YUSNI (LG160 2113)
3. MOHD SHAHIDAN BIN AZHAR (LG160 2111)

LECTURE NAME IR JAFRI BIN KASSIM

1.0 TITLE
Fire Tube Boiler

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Fire Tube boiler is the simplest form of the internal furnace, vertical fire tube
boiler. Fire tube boilers are a portable boiler and it requires a small floor space.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of Fire-Tube Boiler

Fire tube boiler consists of a vertical, cylindrical shell, equipped with a fire box
in the bottom, water space in the middle portion and steam space in the upper portion.
The fire grate is placed at the bottom of the fire box and coal is fired at the fire box. An
ash pit is located at the bottom of the grate to collect the ash of burnt coal, which is
periodically removed.

One or more cross tubes are either flanged or riveted to the water space are in
the fire box to increase the heating surface area to improve the water circulation. A
short chimney is connected at the top of the fire box to discharge the waste flue
exhaust gases at some greater height. Manhole and hand holes are provided for
cleaning the interior of the boiler shell and cross tubes.
 The boiler consists of a pressure gauge, water level indicator, safety valve,
steam stop valve and a manhole as mountings to provide safety and ease of working.

3.0 TYPES OF FIRE TUBE BOILER

1. Cornish boiler
2. Lancashire boiler
3. Locomotive boiler
4. Scotch marine boiler
5. Admiralty-type direct tube boiler
6. Horizontal return tubular boiler
7. Immersion fired boiler
8. Vertical fire-tube boiler

4.0 FIRE TUBE BOILER MAINTENANCE

Proper operation and maintenance of boiler and its distribution system can save
significantly on energy bills. Since many boiler systems operate at an average
efficiency of only 65 to 75%, the remainder of heating fuel bill is going up the chimney
or down the drain. The following low-cost or no-cost items will typically pay for
themselves in less than one year and should be incorporated into regular operations
and maintenance programs.

1. Have your service company perform a detailed analysis of system. The check
should include analysis of firing rate, flue draft, air/fuel ratio, stack temperature,
combustion air setting, flue carbon dioxide and oxygen readings, and control
calibrations.
2. Adjust, repair or recalibrate controls and settings as needed. If the proper
air/water level is not marked on your sight glass (if present) have it marked.
3. Scale (mineral deposits) inside the boiler reduces the efficiency of the boiler
and may lead to stress problem and leaks. When the boiler is shut down,
inspect for scale deposits, accumulation of sediment or boiler compounds on
the water-side surfaces.
 4. Check boiler insulation, refractory, brick work, and boiler casing for hot spots
and air leaks, repair and seal as necessary.
5. Replace boiler door gaskets if they do not provide a tight seal.
6. Proper combustion air intake ensures maximum safety as well as efficiency.
Interlock combustion air intake with burner operation.
7. If boiler is large, a daily operation may be helpful. Chart boiler pressure,
temperature, CO2, O2, steam or condensate flow, and other data from the
boiler. Variations from normal can indicate the need for tube and nozzle
cleaning, pressure or linkage adjustments, and related air/fuel or draft
adjustments.
8. Clean the radiator, fin tube convectors, and coils. Check perimeter radiation
units for blockage of air passages, by objects placed on top of or in front of
radiation covers. Maintain a one-foot clearance in front of convectors, radiators
or register when possible.

5.0 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Easy to use, operate and clean Low efficiency than water tube boiler

Suitable in small scale industries. Dangerous and probability to explode

is high than water tube boiler

Cheaper than water tube boiler. High power consumption

Reliable than water tube boiler Maintenance high cost

Easy to find spare parts

6.0 PARTS AND CONSTRUCTIONS

Figure 1: Boiler’s parts and constructions

Parts Function

Function is to reduce the impurities of

Blow down valve
the boiler.

For burning fuel in order to produce

Combustion chamber steam from the water contained in the
shell.

To regulate the supply water which

pumped into the boiler by the feed
Feed check valve
pump.
 Preventing explosions due to excessive
Safety valves
internal pressure of steam.

Measure the pressure of the steam

Pressure gauge
boiler

Water indicator Indicate the water level inside the boiler

CONCLUSION
REFERENCE

INTERNET

1. Rainbow Power Company. (12, January 2016). Retrieved from Pumping & Pipe
Friction Losses - Pump Systems:
http://www.rpc.com.au/information/faq/pumps/pipe-friction-losses.html

2. Friction loss. (2017, October 4). Retrieved from Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction_loss

3. PENTAIR. (2017, August 12). Retrieved from Head loss in pump system:
http://www.hydromatic.com/ResidentialPage_techinfopage_headloss.aspx

JOURNAL

1. M. H. Shojaeefard1, B. Salimian Rizi, & A. Khalkhali. (2015). A New Method to

Calculate Centrifugal Pump Performance Parameters for Industrial Oils. Journal
of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 9-10
2. Sunil Jayant Kulkarni. (2017). Factors Affecting Pump Performance- An Insight
into Research and. International Journal of Research and Review, 2.