HISTORY OF URBAN PLANNING  Anticipated the Modern Day Zoning

 Plan is incredibly Detailed

 IDEAL SIZE OF A CITY = 10,000 – 20,000 (by Aristotle)

 Don Arturo Soria Y Mata
 HIPPODAMUS o La Ciudad Lineal
 Gridiron Layout o Stalingrad (Planned Linear City)
 City in the form of Grid o Created Madrid’s 1st Streetcar & Telephone
 PIRAEUS, Athens Harbor System
 NEOPOLIS – New Town
 PALEOPOLIS – Old Town  THE CONVENTIONISTS & PARK MOVEMENT
 George Perkins Marsh
 URBAN DESIGN o Founder of Modern Conservation
 GREEK – Sense of finite o Man & Nature
 Romans – Political Power & Organization
 Frederick Law Olmsted
 USE OF SCALE o Pioneer of American Park System
 GREEK – based on Human Measurements o Central Park in New York
 Romans – Proportion that would relate to the Parts o Cities – planned for generations ahead
of the Building o Maintain sufficient breathing space
 Settlements – Rectilinear & Circular
 GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
 MODULE  Ebenezer Howard
 GREEK – use of House o Garden City Concept
 Romans – use of Street o “Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform”

 FORM  Letchworth – 1st Garden City

 A Latin word meaning Open Space or Market Place
 Administrative & Corporate Heart of Rome
 REPUBLICAN FORUM – “Roman Forum”
o Designed by Vitruvius
o Proportion 3:2 (Length to Width)
o Small Area, 6 acres
o Architectural Masses, Full of Odd Corners
o Curia – Senate House
 IMPERAIL FORUM – “Urban Space”
o Architectural or Urban Masses were made
Subordinate to Spaces
o Composed of Piazas formed by Colonnades
o Colonnade serve as Transition (Spacious,
Open, Sense of Openness)
 ANCIENT GREECE
 Acropolis
 Agora
 ANCIENT ROME
 Republican Forum
 Imperial Forum
 MEDIEVAL ERA
 Decline of Rome
 Urban Settings – Military Strongholds, Castles,
Monasteries
 RENAISSANCE ERA
 Ideal Cities
o Accomplishments of Early Renaissance–
Public Works & Civil Improvement of Projects
o Leon Battista Alberti – Foremost,
Theoretical
o Rebuilding the Ferrara – 1ST Modern City
o Palazzo Diamenti – Most Famous
Structures
o Biaggio Rosetti – Earliest Modern Urban
Designers
o Leonardo Da Vinci – Sketched a City
Straddling River
 Proposed Movable Houses
 Anticipated the “Greenbelt Concept”
 Satellite Town for Workers
 SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
 Connurbation
o The Wave of the Population Inflow to Large
Cities
o Wave of Backflow
 CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT
 Golden Age of Urban Design (Termed the “City
Beautiful Era”)
 World’s Fair
 As a Civic Art
 As Urban Renewal Operations
 Civic Centers ( City Hall, Country Courthouse,
Library, Museum & Plaza)
 Public Works ( Bridges, Rivers, Colleges &
Universities, Railroads)
 City as a Whole
 Daniel Burnham – “Make No Little Plans, They
have no Magic to stir Man’s Blood”
 ARCHITECTS IN URBAN PLANNING
 Eliel Saarinen
 Le Corbusier
o Une Ville Contemporaine
o Plan Voisin (Neighborhood Plan)
o Le Plan de Paris
o Spokesman “ International Movement”
o Chandigrah, India – Designed Entire City
 Louis Khan – Central Philadelphia
 Kenzo Tange – Plan for Tokyo
o Circulation as a Determinant of Urban Form
 Frank Lloyd Wright – Disappearing City
o Broadacres – every Family on acreland
o Changed Scheme
o Full Mile High Skyscraper
-
 Constantine Dioxadis – Arch Transition
o Ekistics Grid – System for Recording
Planning Data & Ordering Planning Process
o Ekistics – Science of Human Settlement

 REBUILDING LONDON
 Several Designers :
o Christopher Waren
o John Evelyn Robert Hooke
o Valentine Knight
o John Gwynn – Produced The Plan of London
(1716)

 INDUSTRIAL TOWNS
 Tony Garnier - French Architect
o Une Cite Industrielle (1901- 1904)