International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2018)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP18P17-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-5873-4

Investigation of Energy Consumption and Reservation

Scheme using Energy Auditing Techniques
Amit Chakraborty Diptanu Dey
M.tech student Asst Prof.
Electrical Engineering dept. of NIT,Agartala Electrical Engineering dept. of NIT,Agartala
Agartala, India Agartala, India
amitchakraborty.agartala@gmail.com ddiptanu.career@gmail.com

Dr. Priyanath Das

Associate Professor
Electrical Engineering Dept. of NIT Agartala
Agartala, India
priyanath70@gmail.com

Abstract— In this Case study paper, the importance of energy
auditing and process of energy auditing is presented in detail. An
extensive energy audit has been carried out at the G+6 building
(EE & ECE block) of NIT Agartala. The expected power
consumption has been calculated and compared with the real time
value. Auxiliary parameters like temperature and luminous
intensity has also been measured in order to explore the various
scopes of energy conservation as well as harvesting. Based on all
these studies, the prominent areas of energy wastage have been
sorted out and relevant suggestions have been stated in order to
reduce if not neutralized the energy losses, enhance energy
efficiency and induced energy harvesting wherever possible. It has
been found that there are ample scopes of energy conservation in
an educational institution. The total energy saving has been
calculated, conservation ideas as well as the cost of the
modifications as well as the payback period have also been stated
here.
Keywords— Energy audit, Energy Consumption, Energy
Conservation, Load Efficiency, Pay Back Time Period.
1. Introduction
An Energy audit is a survey of energy flow for energy
consumption in a particular building or an industry. It is the
first step to save energy consumption in an industrial sector or
in a building .It has identified the very prominent way to
identify the wastage energy and also able to find out several
ways to reduce that waste. Throughout this whole process first
need to find out how much energy consumption is required in
a particular building or in an industry and then compare this
with the actual consumption value. Comparing these two
values someone can find out the amount of unnecessary
wastage energy. Energy conservation means to provide new
ideas that may change the presently exist energy flow process
and reduce currently required value of energy consumption.
Before doing this project the various papers
related to the Energy Audit and Conservation available in the
IEEE archives were studied. Most of the papers [1, 2, 3]
related to such studies made in different industries like,
mechanical and heavy engineering. To the best of our
knowledge, no paper could be located on the energy auditing
of educational institutions. However, the following paper was
identified.
Dr. K. Umesha [3] has mentioned that the Energy
auditing has been conducted at the Technical Institute
Campus. In this paper the Energy Auditing has been dealt as
the index of the consumption which normalizes the situation
of Energy crisis by providing the conservation schemes. This
has been done to minimize the unwanted power shutdown
either incidentally or by load shedding. Here the author has
defined Energy auditing is one of the tools through which
balance of demand and supply is determined. The
recommendations reduce around 15-20% of the energy and
25-30% of cost reduction.
In the paper [6] Equipment wise analysis has been
performed in order to identify the electrical equipment’s,
within the same application area, which consumes more
power as compared with others. During equipment wise
analysis of the overall campus, the equipments with power
consumption less than 1% of total power consumption of the
campus were ignored so as to make the analysis results simple
and easy to observe.
A) Need for energy audit and conservation technique
The total Electricity bill for the year 2012 is Rs. 1, 94,101
and power consumption for this year is data missing. The
primary objective of Energy Audit is to identify the ways to
reduce energy consumption per unit of G+6 building in NIT
Agartala. Energy Audit provides a "bench-mark" (Reference
point) for managing energy in the building and also provides
the basis for planning a more effective use of energy
throughout the building.
Energy saving through energy audit = currently required
energy – Actual Required Energy.
Energy saving through energy conservation = Actual required
energy –modified required energy.
B) Objective of this project
The main objective is to investigate the energy

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 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP18P17-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-5873-4

consumption of the full building by using the energy auditing savings in the electrical energy consumption to the extent of
technique. This energy audit leverages significance due to the 20% to 70%. The audit was also aimed to learn or get a feel
fact that the NIT, Agartala electricity bill had crossed Rs. of the practical problems and difficulties in carrying out
1.10lakh during 2017 financial year. It was aimed at obtaining energy audits.
a detailed data about the various end use energy consumption
activities and identifying, enumerating and evaluating the
possible energy savings opportunities. The target is to achieve
2. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
The building is made up of 4” face bricks. The windows
are covered with single pane. Presently the departments of
electrical engineering and electronics and communication
engineering are established in this building. Both the
department comprises classroom, laboratories, faculty cabin,
lavatory and seminar halls. So an energy audit has been done
in each and every room (including staircase corridor) of this
building. In order to perform the audit, we have collected data
on power consumption related to each and every apparatus in
all the rooms. Related to the present architecture, essentially
required energy consumption for a particular room is to be
calculated in a tabulated manner as mentioned bellow.
Figure.3.1. Recorded monthly peak demands at G+6 building during the
R00M NO : L22 year 2017.
TYPE : Lab
ALLOTTED FOR: Power System Lab
ACTIVITY : Active

Sl Name Watta No Dail Daily Monthly

no of ge of y power power
apparatu (W) Appar hour consumpti consumption
s atus s on Pw*22
(n) (hrs) = W*n*hrs )(Wh
(Wh)

Figure.3.2. NITA G+6 building energy bill for the year 2017

4. ENERGY AUDIT
Total power consumption= kWh Total average Electrical Energy consumption per month due
Other auxiliary parameters such as luminous intensity, floor area are also to appliances of NITA G+6 building
considered. The sum of the total electrical energy consumption per
month by each block of NITA G+6 building is given
3. NITA G+6 BUILDING ENERGY SCENARIO below:(1581.179+1861.147+1730.146+1575.907+984.459+82
NIT, Agartala started in the year 2006 and G+6 building was 8.471+715.332+1598.64) =10875.281kWh.
established on 2014. The monthly recorded peak demand for
the year 2017 is given in Figure.3.1.

978-1-5386-5873-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 35

 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP18P17-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-5873-4

FL tube

Equipme
er(kWh)

nt(kWh)
Comput

Printer(

Load(kWh
AC
Machine
(kWh)
(kWh)

(kWh)

kWh)
Light

Other
Lab
Fan
Ground Floor 140.365 354.544 9.6 1075.920 .750 00

First Floor 208.523 253.504 57.663 87.856 .116 1253.485

Second Floor 129.052 372.064 14.080 00 .550 1214.400

Third Floor 141.321 551.864 37.152 00 .770 844.8

Fourth Floor 180.702 693.116 45.933 62.948 1.760 00

Fifth Floor 164.729 225.29 15.942 00 .110 422.4

Sixth Floor 61.746 108.644 16.832 105.6 .110 422.4 1598.64

Total
energy Consumption 1026.447 2559.026 197.202 1332.324 4.166 4157.48 1598.64
percentage energy
consumption 9.38% 23.39% 1.8% 12.78% .038% 38% 14.6%
Table.4.1 Total Connected Load for different Usage in kWh Through detailed survey and calculation, it has been discovered that fan
in the classrooms are misused when activity is going on.
Light Intensity:
It has been observed that some classrooms are devoid of proper
5. LOAD DISTRIBUTION CHART intensity of light, whereas some classrooms take the excessive intensity of
The Figure.4.1 below gives the clear picture of percentage of light. This has led to an improper distribution of power. So, in order to
electrical power consumption between different loads in the encounter this issue, the lights in the classrooms should be reorganized based
on the amount of light received by them.
NITA G+6 building. The measure of highest power
B. Faculty Cabins
consumption is obtained from AC used in faculty cabins and
laboratories. The next highest power consumption is obtained Unnecessary operations of fans:
by the Fan load and Light loads in the respective classrooms
and labs. From the observation, it has been discovered that the location of fans in
the cabins are not allocated properly. In some cases, it has not been utilized by
any person in the building. Furthermore, some fans are left in an “ON”
condition even when there is no person to get benefitted. This should be
monitored seriously to avoid the problem of power loss.

Light intensity:
As same as in the classrooms, the locations of the lights needs to be
rearranged with care in order to avoid power loss.

Lack of auto shutdown system in ACs:

The ACs in the lab also faces the same consequences as in the cabins. So
it is the utmost necessary to install auto shutdown ACs in the lab.

C. Labs
Fig.4.1. Load Distribution Chart
Unnecessary operations of fans:
Same as described in case of classrooms, the labs also faces the same
6. IDENTIFY THE LOCATION OF ENERGY issue. So, proper checking and regular inspection must be done to solve this
DEFICIENCY AND ENERGY WASTAGE problem.
Through observation, it has been revealed that there are
multiple spots for energy wastage across the building which is Light intensity:
identified below.
As mentioned in previous cases, Labs also requires rearrangement of
lights to extensively reduce the power loss issue in the building.
A. Classroom:
Unnecessary operation of fan:

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 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP18P17-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-5873-4
Lack of auto shutdown system in ACs:
The ACs in the labs also faces the same consequences as in cabins. So, it
is the utmost necessary to install auto shutdown ACs in the lab.
7. ENERGY CONSERVATION
A. Arranging solar water purifier:
The water purifiers used in the building are electrical
purifiers which have a load of 550 W each. If they can be
replaced by 20 W loads of solar water purifiers, a large
amount of energy can be saved.
Let there be “n” numbers of electrical water purifiers and
running hour is h hours daily which will be replaced with “n”
nos of solar water purifiers having same running hours.
Monthly Power consumed by electrical purifiers=550*n*h*30
Wh.
=16.5nh kWh.
If the solar water purifier is applied instead of conventional
water purifier, then 16.5nh kWh power saving is achieved.
B. Ambient daylight savings:
This is an effective way of utilizing the sunlight so that
electrical energy can be conserved. By placing the
windows at proper location, the sunlight can enter inside
and can be used instead of electrical lights. Optimal
window shade should be chosen so the sunlight cannot
be reflected. Optimal arrangement of benches should also
be chosen in order to allow the intensity of sunlight to
cover most of the benches. . With this, we can achieve a
better energy conservation in the near future.
C. By replacing fluorescent lamps with LEDs:
Energy can be conserved by replacing the fluorescent
lamps of 34 watts with the LEDs of 12 W in each classroom.
Presently, each FL used in the classroom is consuming a
power of 34 W and it runs for h hours daily (let). Let we have
“n” (let) FLs which will be replaced by equal no of LEDs.
Daily power consumed by FLs= power consumed by each
FL*no of FL*daily running hour
= 34*n*h Wh.
=34nh Wh.
Monthly power consumption=34nh*30 Wh.
=1.02nh kWh.
Daily power consumed by LEDs= wattage of each LED*no of
LED*daily running hour
= 12*n*h Wh.
=12nh Wh.
Monthly power consumption=12nh*30 Wh.
=0.36nh kWh.
LEDs will consume monthly (1.02-.36)*n*h =0.66nh kWh
less power than FLs.
D. Installing solar panels on the roof-top:
Another process for saving energy is to install solar
panels on the roof-top as many as possible. A solar panel
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having dimension of 38.1 x 35.6 x 20.3 cm can consume 250
W/h.
Let the total area of the roof top is A sq cm.
The area of solar panel is=38.1*35.6 sq cm.
So the no of solar panel is n=A/1356.36.
Total no of energy consumed by “n” panels=n*250 watt.
The average daylight duration for a month is 350 hrs.
So monthly energy consumption is= (A/32)*250*350 kWh.
=2.734*A kWh.
This is considered as the better way for energy conservation,
which effectively utilizes naturally available solar energy for
power generation rather than using traditional power
generation techniques.
E. By replacing balcony lights with led panel lights:
For balcony let there are “n” nos of CFL lights of 26
W. If this will be replaced by “n” no of LED panels of 3 W,
expeditious amount of power can be conserved.
If daily running hour is h (let).
Monthly Power consumed by CFLs=26*n*h*30 Wh.
=0.78nh kWh.
Monthly Power consumed by LED panels=3*n*h*30 Wh.
=0.09nh kWh.
Here the power that can be conserved is= (0.78-0.09)*n*h
kWh.
=0.69nh kWh.
F. By replacing staircase fluorescent lights with LEDs:-
Let the number of fluorescent lights used above the
staircase is n. Power consumption can be limited by replacing
those FL of 34 W with “n” no of LEDs of 12 Wt. Here,
luminous flux of CFL light lies between 50-55lumen and for
LED, luminous flux lies between 145-150 lumen.
Let the time duration of a day when the lights are on be h
hours.
Daily power consumed by CFLs= wattage of each CFL*no of
FL*daily running hour
= 34*n*h Wh.
=34nh Wh.
Monthly power consumption=34nh*30 Wh.
=1.02nh kWh.
Daily power consumed by LEDs= Power consumed by each
LED*no of LED*daily running hour
= 12*n*h Wh.
=12nh Wh.
Monthly power consumption=12nh*30 Wh.
=0.36nh kWh.
Here, the power that can be conserved is= (1.02-0.36)*n*h
kWh.
=0.66nh kWh.
G. By providing better insulation on the walls:
From the law of thermal physics, the equation of heat
transfer through solid is Rate of heat is= k*A*(T1-T2)/d.
37
 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP18P17-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-5873-4
Unit of rate of heat transferring is Joule/sec or Watt.
Where A stands for surface area, d for thickness, T1 for
temperature of source and T2 for temperature of sink and k for
thermal conductivity of material.
Here, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of wall is taken
as k=1.6(as it is made of dense brick which has k=1.6).
7. COST OF MODIFICATION
A. Replacing CFL and FL by LED
The total no. of newly installed LEDs of 12 w are 310
each of Rs 350 [10]. So the total cost of the installation will be
= Rs (310*350) = Rs108500.
B. Installation of Solar Panel on the Roof top
If 15 nos of solar panels are installed on the roof top
the total cost will be =Rs (15*12650) =Rs 189750(Talking the
cost per panel= Rs12650).
C. Installation of Solar Water Purifier
If 14 nos of solar water purifier are installed having
cost of Rs 24000 each, total cost will be =Rs (14*24000) = Rs
336000.
D. Cost due to the installed of LED panel lights
There will be 175 nos of panel lights. Cost of each of
them is 500 rupees. The total cost will be =Rs (175*500) =Rs
87500.
E. Replacing staircases FL with LEDs
There are 21 nos of LEDs required. Each of them has a
cost of 350 rupees. Then the total cost will be = Rs (21 *350)
= Rs 7350.
F. Cost due to the ambient daylight savings
No of windows are taken as 350 and the area of each
window =1.44sqm. Total cost will be =Rs (350*1.44*200)
=Rs 100800.
Total cost of modification is=Rs
(108500+189750+336000+87500+7350+100800=Rs
829900=Rs 830000(approx).
With this modification total power saving is
3130.9kWh/month and total amount the can be saved is 21916
Rs/month.
8. PAY BACK TIME PERIOD
Total cost for modification= Rs 830000.
Power saving throughout the conservation process is =
37570.8 kwh/annum.
Total amount saved throughout the modification technique=
262992 Rs/annum. .
So, payback time period is = (830000/265992)
= 3.15 year.
9 CONCLUSION
Energy audit is an effective tool for identifying and
implementing a comprehensive energy management program.
A careful audit has the ability to leverage an effective plan
978-1-5386-5873-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
with which it can effectively manage the organization’s
energy system with a minimum energy cost.
In this case study, a detailed study has been made to reduce
the electrical energy consumption in the complete G+6
building in NIT, Agartala campus. It highlights the amount of
energy savings obtained in an educational institution, thereby
energy crisis can be reduced considerably.
The Following facts have emerged after the detailed energy
auditing of the above said building
1. Energy savings per year lies in between 48000 kwh and
60000 kwh throughout the audit process and by using
energy conservation technique, total amount of energy
saved is 37570.8 kwh/annum
2. Total Cost reduction per year is Rs. 262992/-.
3. Payback Period for implementing energy conservation
technique is 3.15 years.
The Proposed paper gives strong warning to the
consumer not only in terms of the power consumption bills,
but also on the energy crisis which is to be experienced by all
industrial and educational sectors in the near future.. By
implementing the suggested recommendations in this project,
there will be an energy reduction of around 41.66 % and 30.6
% of cost reduction. The total investment required for
implementing the recommendations would be to the extent of
Rs 2, 42,062 and the Payback period for various appliances
have also been calculated. Energy Auditing is a continuous
process and organizations should carry out this auditing
process periodically.
10. REFERENCES
[1]. W. Lee, R. Kenarangui, “Energy management for motors, systems,
and electrical equipment, ” IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications; vol. 38, no. 2, March/April 2002, pp. 602-607.
[2]. P.S. Hamer, D.M. Lowe, S.E. Wallace, “Energy efficient induction
motors performance characteristics and life cycle cost comparisons
for centrifugal loads”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications;
vol. 33, no. 5, Sept./Oct. 1997, pp. 1312–1320. [3]. Dr.K.Umesha
“Energy Audit Report on a Technical Institute”, (IOSR-JEEE) ISSN:
2278-1676 Volume 4, Issue 1 (Jan. - Feb. 2013), PP 23-37.
[3]. Nissanga Nishad, Rasanajan Mendis, Nisal Perer, ―Energy Audit: A
Case Study‖International Conference on Information and Automation,
2006 , pp: 45 – 50.
[4]. sheikh jellar rehman “ENERGY AUDIT IN TECHNO INDIA
ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SALT LAKE CAMPUS” School of
energy studies, jadavpur university, kolkata-700 032. 2008-2009.
[5]. Chikku Abraham, George Mel & Jose Victor “ENERGY AUDIT OF
IIT-BOMBAY CAMPUS” IIT-BOMBAY, 2008.
[6]. Energy Audit Team “ENERGY AUDIT OF IIT-ROORKEE
CAMPUS” IIT-ROORKEE, January 2010.
[7] Utilization of Electric power, N.V.Surya Narayan, New age
international publishers, New Delhi, 1994.
[8].
th
Utilization of Electrical power and Electric Traction 10 Edition, J B
Gubta, S K Kataria & Sons (1968).
[9]. W.C.Turner, Energy Management Handbook, Wiley, New York,
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[10]. Energy Management hand book by Turner, Wayne C,Lilburn , The
Fairmont press(2001).
[11]. Handbook of Energy Audits by Albert Thumann, Fairmount Press,
5th edition (1998).
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