Bio 11 2nd Long Exam Reviewer

I. ​MULTIPLE CHOICE​. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The function of the brightly-colored bracts in some plants is:

A. To store pigments other than chlorophyll a and b.
B. To protect the parts of the flower involved in sexual reproduction.
C. To attract agents of pollination.
D. To serve as alternate storage for starch.

2. Rodrigo removes all the bark of a tree. Which of the following is the consequence of her action?
A. The plant dies, because oxygen cannot be absorbed any more by the leaves.
B. The plant dies, because the leaves are not able to get water.
C. The plant dies, because the roots are not able to get food.
D. The plant dies, because the stem loses the protection it needs to fend off unwanted pests.

3. What is the function of pits in vessels and tracheids?

A. They help facilitate migration of water molecules between neighboring cells.
B. They help establish a communication pathway for neighboring vessels and tracheids.
C. They help lessen the accumulated internal pressure inside the plant.
D. They help give support to the sclerenchyma cells.

4. Which of the following best describes the lateral root?

A. It originates from the root epidermal cells.
B. It originates from the outermost layer of the root’s vascular cylinder.
C. It originates from the root cortex.
D. It originates from root ground tissue.

5. What is the effect of cutting off the shoot apical meristem of some garden plants?
A. It promotes apical dominance, hence stimulating the longitudinal growth of the plant.
B. It removes apical dominance, hence stimulating the growth of axillary buds.
C. It promotes apical dominance, hence inhibiting lateral growth of the plant.
D. It removes apical dominance, hence inhibiting the plant from exhibiting further growth.

6. Which of the following is the odd one out?

A. Potato B. Gabi C. Carrot D. Onion

7. These are the parts of the stem where the leaves are attached.
A. Internodes B. Axillary buds C. Petioles D. Nodes

8. In a cross section of a leaf, the palisade mesophyll layer is largely composed of:
A. Collenchyma cells B. Sclerenchyma cells C. Parenchyma cells D. Vascular bundles

9. What type of xylem differentiation is exhibited in a dicot root?

A. Exarch B. Endarch C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

10. What is the difference between the secondary xylem cells of springwood and summerwood?
 A. The secondary xylem cells of springwood have thinner cell walls than the secondary xylem
cells of summerwood.
B. The secondary xylem cells of springwood have thicker cell walls than the secondary xylem
cells of summerwood.
C. The secondary xylem cells of springwood have smaller diameters than the secondary xylem
cells of springwood.
D. The secondary xylem cells of springwood contribute to stem support unlike the secondary
xylem cells of summerwood, which do not.

For nos. 11 – 15, the specimen in consideration is a ​dicot​. Use the following choices:

A. Root B. Leaf C. Stem D. None of the above

11. Exhibit/s secondary growth.

12. Exhibit/s only primary growth.
13. Vascular bundles are scattered.
14. Vascular bundles are arranged around an axis.
15. Pith is present.

16. Which of the following statements about trichomes and root hairs is true?
A. They are both outgrowths of the epidermis.
B. They both function to reduce water loss.
C. They are both short-lived.
D. They both function to defend the plant against predators.

17. During a hot, summer day, one would expect the stomata of a leaf to be:
A. Closed; in order to minimize water loss
B. Open; in order to allow gas exchange
C. Closed; in order to facilitate photosynthesis via efficient harvesting of light energy
D. Open; in order to increase the rate of transpiration

18. What facilitates the transpirational pull on xylem sap?

A. Cohesion B. Adhesion C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

19. Which of the following statements is true?

A. All water molecules must take the symplastic route in order to enter the xylem.
B. Water molecules taking the apoplastic route will reach the xylem by travelling along the cortical
cells.
C. Water molecules taking the symplastic route travel to the stele by solely crossing cytoplasmic
channels called plasmodesmata.
D. Water molecules can shift from the apoplastic route to the symplastic route anytime.

20. Consider a part of the woody stem which has experienced secondary growth for ten years. What type
of cell is present in the most number?
A. Secondary xylem
B. Secondary phloem
C. A and B occur in equal amounts
D. Not enough information given
21. Mocha hammered a nail into the bark of a tree, upon which she hung a sign saying “SAVE THE
TREES.” She hammered the nail 10 cm above the ground. What can be said about the nail after five
years?
A. The nail is now more than 10 cm above the ground, and it penetrates the bark more deeply
than before.
B. The nail is still 10 cm above the ground, and it penetrates the bark more deeply than before.
C. The nail is still 10 cm above the ground, and it does not penetrate the bark any further than
before.
D. The nail is now more than 10 cm above the ground, and it didn’t penetrate the bark any further
than before.

22. Bobbie goes to a swamp filled with mangrove trees. She then notices the pneumatophores of the
mangrove trees. She then wonders what the function of these structures is and asks you, what should
you tell you?
A. “They provide more support to the mangrove trees’ stems.”
B. “They provide an alternate means of reproduction for the mangroves.”
C. “They provide the mangroves an alternate site for gas exchange.”
D. “They provide the mangroves a better site for food storage.”

23. Which of the following best describes the growth of plants?

A. Plants exhibit indeterminate growth, which means that they can grow continuously.
B. Plants exhibit determinate growth, which means that they can only grow up to a certain size.
C. Plants can exhibit determinate growth by cutting off their apical meristems.
D. Plants can exhibit both indeterminate and determinate growth during the course of their life.

24. Mocha wants to remove all the heartwood of a certain tree. “I will do it! I will really do it!” said Mocha.
“I don’t care,” said nature-lover Angel. Mocha was confused by this. Why did Angel not care about
Mocha’s threat?
A. Removing the heartwood would do minimal damage to a tree.
B. Removing the heartwood would be beneficial to the tree, since it will help facilitate stem
elongation.
C. Removing the heartwood would not affect the tree in anyway—the tree will not be harmed, the
tree will not be benefited.
D. Removing the heartwood would greatly harm the tree; Angel was lying.

25. What of the following is NOT present in a monocot plant

A. Cuticle
B. Bundle sheath
C. Dorsiventral mesophyll
D. Bulliform cells

26. Higher wind velocity increases the transpiration rate due to the adhesion of water molecules carried
by wind. This statement is:
A. Always true
B. Sometimes true
C. False
D. Not enough information is given
II. ​MATCHING TYPE​. Match the descriptions in Column A to the items they describe in
Column B.

Column A Column B
1. It facilitates the rolling of leaves in some monocots. A. Sclereids
2. Mode of transport which is observed in the absorption of B. Lenticels
water by the root. C. Vessels
3. These are cells which have lignified secondary walls and D. Tracheids
are specialized for support. E. Companion cells
4. These cells are often found just below the epidermal cells F. Ground meristem
of young stems. They function for support. G. Procambium
5. The components of xylem sap are _____ and ______. H. Passive diffusion
6. It connects the companion cell to the sieve-tube element. I. Active transport
7. In some plants, these help in the loading of sugars into the J. Collenchyma cells
chains of cells which comprise the phloem of angiosperms. K. Bulliform cells
8. The cortex originated from this primary tissue. L. Sieve tubes
9. This is the more primitive of the two types of M. Water and minerals
water-conducting cells of the xylem. N. Sugars and oxygen
10. This is the main cause of guttation. O. Plasmodesmata
P. Root pressure
Q. Fibers

III. ​IDENTIFICATION​.

1. The Casparian strip is made of _________________, which accounts for the strip’s impervious
property to water.
2. The region of the root where root hairs begin to appear is called ____________________.
3. The root cap has _________ cells which secrete mucigel.
4. Cell differentiation generally depends on change in ____________
5. Plants exhibit _________ in which they have structural differences at opposite ends.
6. The _______________ is a stalk connecting the leaf to the stem.
7. Runners are modified _________
8. The purple, edible part of Allium cepa are modified _______________.
9. Another name for the center of the apical meristem is the ______________________.
10. This type of collenchyma cell exhibits thickened corners. ______________________

IV. SEQUENCING. Arrange the items as asked.

1. If one were to hammer a nail to the center of an old stem, in what order will the nail encounter the
following structures?
A. Vascular cambium
B. Cork cambium
C. Primary xylem
D. Secondary phloem
E. Cork
F. Secondary xylem
2. Transpirational pull.
A. Evaporation of the water film causes the air-water interface to retreat farther into the cell wall
and to become more curved, which increases surface tension and transpiration rate.
B. Water from the surrounding cells and air spaces are pulled.
C. Water vapor diffuses from the moist air spaces of the leaf to the drier air outside via stomata.
D. Water from the xylem is pulled into the surrounding cells and air spaces to replenish the water
that was lost.
E. Water vapor lost by transpiration is replaced by evaporation from the water film coating
mesophyll cells.

3. Sugar transport in angiosperms.

A. Water moves out to the xylem
B. Sugar (from the source cell) goes into the sieve tube element
C. Sugar (from source cell) mixes with water due to different concentration gradients
D. Positive pressure occurs from the source to the sink cell

4. Pathway of water. Trace the path of a water molecule absorbed by the root from the soil until it reaches
the vessels of the xylem.
A. Endodermis
B. Cortex
C. Root epidermis
D. Pericycle

V. ANALOGY. Complete the following analogies.

1. stomata : transpiration :: ___________ : guttation

2. gymnosperm epidermis : heavily cuticularized :: gymnosperm hypodermis : __________
3. root hair : increase surface area :: trichome : __________________
4. dicot : petiole :: monocot : ____________
5. protoderm: epidermis :: procambium: ________
6. cork cambium: primary phloem :: vascular cambium: _____
7. protoderm : epidermis :: ground meristem : _______________
8. phloem outer, xylem inner : collateral :: phloem outer, xylem in between 2 phloem :
_________________
9. water : passive diffusion :: minerals : ______________________
10. epidermal cells : boundary parenchyma :: photosynthetic tissues : ________________
11. transpiration : H2O (g) :: ______________ : H2O (l)
Bio 11 2nd LE Reviewer Answer key

I. Multiple Choice II. Matching Type III. Identification IV. Sequencing

1. C 1. K. 1. suberin 1. E, B, D, A, F, C
2. C 2. H. 2. zone of maturation 2. C, E, A, B, D
3. C 3. A 3. columella 3. D, A, B, C
4. Q. 4. gene expression 4. C, B, A, D
4. B
5. M 5. polarity
5. B 6. O. 6. petiole
6. B 7. I. 7. stem V. Analogy
7. D 8. F 8. leaves 1. Hydathodes
8. C 9. D 9. quiescent center 2. Fiber-like
9. A 10. P 10. angular 3. Prevent
10. A pathogens
11. C, A 4. Leaf sheath
12. B 5. Vascular tissue
13. C 6. Secondary Xylem
14. A 7. Cortex and pith
15. C 8. Bicollateral
16. A 9. Active transport
17. A 10. Chlorenchyma
18. A 11. guttation
19. C
20. A
21. C
22. C
23. D
24. C
25. C
26. C