CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Introduction

Organic agriculture has grown out of the conscious efforts by

inspired people to create the best possible relationship between the
earth and men. Since its beginning the sphere surrounding organic
agriculture has become considerably more complex. A major
challenge today is certainly its entry into the policy making arena, its
entry into anonymous global market and the transformation of
organic products into commodities. During the last two decades,
there has also been a significant sensitization of the global
community towards environmental preservation and assuring of food
quality. Ardent promoters of organic farming consider that it can
meet both these demands and become the mean for complete
development of rural areas. After almost a century of development
organic agriculture is now being embraced by the mainstream and
shows great promise commercially, socially and environmentally.
While there is continuum of thought from earlier days to the present,
the modern organic movement is radically different from its original
form. It now has environmental sustainability at its core in addition to
the founders concerns for healthy soil, healthy food and healthy
people.

Organic farming - Definitions

According to International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement

(IFOAM), 'organic agriculture' is a production system that sustains the
health of soils, eco systems and people. It relies on ecological processes,
biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of
inputs with adverse effects. Organic agriculture combines tradition,
innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair
relationships and a good quality of life for all involved. The Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines organic farming as a holistic
production management system which promotes and enhances agro-
ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological
activity. This is accomplished by using, wherever possible, agronomic,
biological and mechanical methods, as opposed to using synthetic materials,
to fulfill any specific function within the system.

Concept of organic farming

Organic farming is very much native to this land. Whosoever tries to

write a history of organic farming will have to refer India and China.
The farmers of these two countries are farmers of 40 centuries and it
is organic farming that sustained them. This concept of organic
farming is based on following principles:
Nature is the best role model for farming, since it does not use any
inputs nor demand unreasonable quantities of water.
The entire system is based on intimate understanding of nature's
ways. The system does not believe in mining of the soil of its
nutrients and do not degrade it in any way for today's needs.
The soil in this system is a living entity
The soil's living population of microbes and other organisms are
significant contributors to its fertility on a sustained basis and must
be protected and nurtured at all cost.
The total environment of the soil, from soil structure to soil cover is
more important.

In today's terminology it is a method of farming system which

primarily aims at cultivating the land and raising crops in such a
way, as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic
wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other
biological materials along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to
release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an
eco-friendly pollution free environment.

As per the definition of the USDA study team on organic farming

“organic farming is a system which avoids or largely excludes the
use of synthetic inputs (such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed
additives etc) and to the maximum extent feasible rely upon crop
rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic
waste, mineral grade rock additives and biological system of
nutrient mobilization and plant protection”.
In another definition FAO suggested that “Organic agriculture is a
unique production management system which promotes and
enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological
cycles and soil biological activity, and this is accomplished by using
on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods in exclusion
of all synthetic off-farm inputs”.

In philosophical terms organic farming means "farming in spirits of

organic relationship. In this system everything is connected with
everything else. Since organic farming means placing farming on
integral relationship, we should be well aware about the relationship
between the soil, water and plants, between soil-soil microbes and
waste products, between the vegetable kingdom and the animal
kingdom of which the apex animal is the human being, between
agriculture and forestry, between soil, water and atmosphere etc. It is
the totality of these relationships that is the bed rock of organic
farming.
The world of organic agriculture

As per the details released at BioFach 2010 at Nuremberg, the organic

agriculture is developing rapidly, and statistical information is now
available from 154 countries of the world. Its share of agricultural
land and farms continues to grow in many countries. The main
results of the latest global survey on certified organic farming are
summarized below:

Growing area under certified organic agriculture

35 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by
almost 1.4 million producers.
The regions with the largest areas of organically managed
agricultural land are Oceania (12.1 million hectares), Europe (8.2
million hectares) and Latin America (8.1 million hectares). The
countries with the most organic agricultural land are Australia,
Argentina and China.
The highest shares of organically managed agricultural land are in
the Falkland Islands (36.9 percent), Liechtenstein (29.8 percent) and
Austria (15.9 percent).
The countries with the highest numbers of producers are India
(340’000 producers), Uganda (180’000) and Mexico (130’000).
More than one third of organic producers are in Africa.
On a global level, the organic agricultural land area increased in all
regions, in total by almost three million hectares, or nine percent,
compared to the data from 2007.
Twenty-six percent (or 1.65 million hectares) more land under
organic management was reported for Latin America, mainly due to
strong growth in Argentina. In Europe the organic land increased by
more than half a million hectares, in Asia by 0.4 million.
About one-third of the world’s organically managed agricultural land
– 12 million hectares is located in developing countries. Most of this
land is in Latin America, with Asia and Africa in second and third
place. The countries with the largest area under organic management
are Argentina, China and Brazil.31 million hectares are organic wild
collection areas and land for bee keeping. The majority of this land is
in developing countries – in stark contrast to agricultural land,
of which two-thirds is in developed countries. Further organic areas
include aquaculture areas (0.43 million hectares), forest (0.01 million
hectares) and grazed non-agricultural land (0.32 million hectares).

Almost two-thirds of the agricultural land under organic

management is grassland (22 million hectares). The cropped area
(arable land and permanent crops) constitutes 8.2 million hectares,
(up 10.4 percent from 2007), which represents a quarter of the
organic agricultural land.
Organic agriculture and soil health

Long term experiments comparing productivity and soil health parameters at ICRISAT
have demonstrated that organic practices produced yields comparable to conventional plots,
without receiving any chemical fertilizer; they actually showed increase in the
concentration of N and P compared with conventional. In another similar study conducted
under Network Project on Organic Farming of ICAR, (Gill and Prasad, 2009) showed
Improvements of different magnitudes in respect of soil organic carbon, available-P,
available-K, bulk density, and microbial count under organic systems as compared to
chemical farm. Ramesh et al., 2010) reported that the bulk density of soil is less in organic
farms which indicates better soil aggregation and soil physical conditions
Pest management in organic farming

The impact of pests, diseases and weeds on food supply is high that they reduce production
by at least one-third despite using pesticides worth about $38 billion. In the past 50 years,
pesticides use has increased tenfold, while crop losses from pest damage have doubled.
Detrimental upshot of indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals to manage pests is well evident
in crop ecosystem. As a result of growing concerns about health and environmental
problems associated with pesticides, there are accelerated efforts from scientists for organic
production. The focus in crop production is now gradually shifting towards on food quality
and environment safety. In organic production the insect pests and diseases can be managed
by using biological viz., plant extracts, micro-organisms or minerals and cultural pest
control techniques like crop rotation, mixed cropping, ground covers, field fallowing and
other vegetation, encouraging biodiversity to boost soil organic matter levels and to provide
shelter and food for natural enemies of crop pests and diseases although approved organic
pesticides may also be used when necessary. Their aim is to support the diversity and
activity of natural enemies (Kristiansen, 2006). Thus, not only the quality of produce that
will come through organic mode, but also will
be free from toxins and pollutants which can be supplemented with higher resource use
efficiency of crops for sustainable agriculture.
Extension strategies to encourage farmers towards organic farming

In India, 70% of the cultivated area is under areas receiving low rainfall. (Yadav et al.,
2016) reported that under rainfed, water stressed conditions and in marginal land areas it is
7- 15% higher yielder. Hence, organic farming it India has tremendous scope to increase its
area under dryland farming. Even though India has vast potential for organic production
and marketing, its achievement on production, certification and export is low due to various
reasons. Lack of sufficient education on production with specific standards, lack of easy
accessible information on organic methods, market facilities for interested farmers, lack of
good consumer information on organic farming and organic food, high distribution cost,
lack of effective demonstration of research results among farmers and advisors are some
among the problems. To tackle the problems we need to focus on suitable strategies to
encourage farming community towards organic farming.
Capacity building

Trainings and demonstrations should be organized for knowledge and skill up gradation.
Trainings should be imparted to farmers on organic farming with various topics like soil
fertility management, principles and practices of organic farming, organic input production
technologies, use of natural resources and ITK, documentation in organic farming and
certification, post harvest techniques.
Supply of inputs in time and quantity

The availability of bio-fertilisers and bio pesticides was also a problem for farmers. Intial
supply of these inputs will encourage farmers to initiate organic farming. The inputs namely
bio- fertilizers (Azolla, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria), Bio-pesticides (Pseudomonas &
Trichoderma), green manure (Sunhemp, Dhaincha, Calotropis) can be supplied ti the
farmers.
Spread of Awareness:

Exhibitions, mass media programmes and exposure visits were organized to create
awareness on larger scale. Through this exhibitions, awareness on organic products and
market channels can be created that can divert their interest to organic farming. Similarly
mass media like TV, radio and news papers can be utilized for wider reach. Publications in
the form of folders, booklets and manuals can be bought out on organic production
practices and need based information to the farmers.
Increasing self reliance
ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FORMING AND SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE

1. Organic farming does not use genetically-modified products.

If you are choosing organic foods, then you are purchasing products which are not
genetically modified using artificial methods. GMOs are not allowed within the
industry. You will still experience products that are cross-bred naturally by the
farmers to take advantage of specific growth characteristics, but this process is
done through pollination or breeding instead of genetic splicing and dicing.

2. Organic farming helps to support healthier soils.

Farmers often use a pattern of crop rotation as a way to support a healthy balance of
nutrients in their soil. A standard rotational process in the U.S. Midwest might
involve planting corn for one year, then planting oats for the second year, before
allowing the land to be used for pasture or hay crops for the next 2-6 years. This
process creates higher content levels of organic matter and better aeration that can
promote better productivity.
Better soils happen because there are no synthetic herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers, or
chemicals applied to the crops grown on the farm either. Only natural enhancements
of the soil are permitted if the land is going to be certified for organic use.

3. Organic farming produces foods that are better for you.

There are numerous boosts to flavour profiles and nutritional content when organic
farming is the preferred method in use. Peaches grown this way typically have a
higher polyphenol content, which is why they taste better. Cows that are given room
to graze in a pasture produce dairy products which contain higher levels of Vitamin E
and Omega-3s to support a stronger antioxidant profile for consumers. Conventional
farming might produce a greater quantity of food items, but organic farming improves
the overall quality of the food so that consumers don’t have to eat as much.

4. Organic farming support pollinating insects.

Farmers that use organic methods are not using synthetic agents like glyphosate or
neonicotinoids that create a high risk for harm to the pollinating insects that support
crop systems all over the world. These substances were shown by Harvard researchers
to be one of the primary causes of Colony Collapse Disorder. Up to 40% of honeybee
colonies died between 2014-2015 and found that neonicotinoids, which are the most
widely used insecticides for commercial growing, were responsible for six times more
loss when compared to Nosema, which is a parasitic fungus.
5. Organic farming creates a healthier work environment.
Local communities, employees, and even the farmers themselves are not exposed to
synthetic agricultural chemicals when following organic process. When too much
exposure occurs, there can be issues with toxicity that occur. People who come into
contact with pesticides regularly as part of their job duties suffer a higher risk of
neurological disease when compared to the general population. Farmers can suffer
from a variety of bothersome symptoms as well, ranging from memory loss to
headaches to chronic fatigue.

6. Organic farming promotes a greater resistance to pests and disease.

Healthier plants grow when the soil foundations that support their roots have a natural
profile of disease resistance. This process encourages the plants to become naturally
resistant to disease and pests because they have a stronger immune profile. Their
defence mechanisms work to repel invaders when there is an appropriate pH level and
other optimal conditions present, such as sunlight and water. It creates a thicker plant
cell wall that creates healthier plant growth overall.

7. Organic farming uses natural fertilizers to encourage better yields.

Organic farmers do not plant their seeds and then let nature run its course. They use a
variety of soil fertility methods which support the growth infrastructure of their crops.
Techniques like the use of green manure, worm farming, compost application, and
cover crops help to reinforce the stability of the soil while managing pests, weeds,
and other potential hazards that workers encounter during the growing season. Each
method helps to maintain the long-term productivity of the fields while encouraging
higher levels of biodiversity at the local level.

8. Organic farming offers profitable niche crop opportunities.

One of the most significant advantages of organic farming is the opportunity to begin
diversifying the products which are cultivated each year. Conventional farms rely on
cash crops as a way to earn profits to continue their operations. That is why soybeans
and corn become the primary crops grown at these facilities. Organic farmers have an
opportunity to grow several different varieties of items, including heirloom produce,
that can be sold throughout the year at a higher overall price.
Heirloom crops offer an exceptional taste profile, the potential for better nutrition,
and the opportunities to save seeds each year for additional replanting. They are less
uniform during ripening to create better product availability. Their seeds are usually
less expensive than hybrids as well.
 9. Organic farming is an eco-friendly method of growing to use.
Organic farming offers benefits to our climate to consider as well. The processes
involved with this method help to store carbon in our soils. It reduces the energy
requirements necessary to produce a crop because physical labor is used more often
than mechanical tools. There is a reduction in the use of petroleum-based products
when taking the organic approach, which means fewer greenhouse gas emissions to
consider. It will even support the natural ecosystems that store carbon as well, such as
our prairies and forests.

10. Organic farming can help future generations find success.

Organic farming methods focus on creating a restorative process for our soils that
makes it possible to continue using them indefinitely for crop production. Instead of
focusing on significant short-term profits that potentially destroy the land and the
surrounding natural resources, this process encourages us to live and work within our
means. It seeks to increase the natural capital values found on our planet instead of
reducing them. That’s why organic methods, when they are correctly implemented,
can help to create long-term sustainable food chains that will support a growing
population.

DIADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FORMING AND SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURE

1. Organic farming operations are rarely subsidized.

This disadvantage primarily applies to the United States. There are programs
available, such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, that will pay
producers to transition from conventional farming methods to organic work. Some
programs will assist farmers in the costs of certifying their land as being organic.
There are crop insurance subsidies available as well. What you won’t find are the
direct payments made to inflate the pricing schemes and artificial methods to
enhance yields that can make going organic financially challenging for some.

2. Organic farming lacks a supportive infrastructure in the United States.

European farmers get to avoid this disadvantage of organic farming as well. There
is a lack of special infrastructure in the United States that supports the natural
methods used in this agricultural style. That means organic farmers use the same
industrial transportation methods to get food on the tables of consumers as the
cash crop farmers use for their yields. That means the same harmful practices that
are in place can still create environmental damage even if soil-friendly methods
are used to grow the crops initially.
3. Organic farming still uses fungicides and pesticides.
The keyword to consider when looking at organic farming processes is this:
“synthetic.” There are still several fungicides and pesticides which are available to
use when following organic farming processes. The only requirement is that the
product must come from a natural source instead of a synthetic one. These items
are still potentially harmful because they require repetitive applications, promoting
soil storage of the compounds that may exceed safe concentration levels in some
areas.

4. Organic farming does not always account for previous practices.

Transitioning from conventional farming to an organic approach is something that
benefits the world’s food chain thanks to all of the advantages involved.
Unfortunately, the issue of synthetic chemicals staying in the soil can exist for
farmers who switch their practices for decades because of their concentration
levels. Farms can still sell products that are labeled as “organic” in this situation
because their current methods follow the published guidelines. The food might
still contain trace amounts of synthetic items despite the labeling and practices
involved because of previous production methods on the same land.

5. Organic farming requires more work than conventional methods.

Organic farming requires a lot of physical work to create a successful experience.
It needs workers to physically control the weeds and apply cultivation techniques.
There are ways to reduce this disadvantage by focusing on biointensive farming or
permaculture, but it also requires more of a personal touch than what conventional
cash-farming methods require. Even if you take the time to experiment with
different production methods, it can take years of trial-and-error to find the best
combination of methods that maximize profits.

6. Organic farming requires specific knowledge to be successful.

Organic farmers must have an understanding of their land’s soil ecology. They
must know how to develop natural systems that work with their climate and crops.
Farmers must invest time in learning about industry innovations or finding
alternative solutions because the support systems that help conventional farms are
not always available. This process relies on the experience of workers as they
monitor crops during the crucial periods of growth to ensure the plants grow in
 healthy ways. Without this knowledge and the ambition to apply it, this method
cannot be successful.

7. Organic farming faces several marketing challenges to consider.

Conventional farmers have a defined market which allows them to sell their
produce and farm products. They can ship to grocery stores, access a lucrative
export market, and still reach local consumers. Organic products face a different
challenge. Even if there are opportunities for farming co-ops, grocery store
inclusion, and local markets that operate on specific days, this industry does not
have the same levels of access for product sales in most communities. That makes
it difficult for the farmers to maximize their profit potential when selling their
products.

8. Organic farmers must go through a significant certification process.

Did you know that there are different levels of “organic” in the United States? Each
product goes through a different certification procedure to have this labeling
opportunity available. Items that are 100% organic receive a specific label which
indicates every process follows the industry standards. If something is just “organic,”
then 95% or more of the ingredients are organic, but there can be USDA-approved
chemical additives added to the item before it reaches the market. If something is
“made from organic ingredients,” then only specific items follow industry processes.

IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FORMING AND SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURE

1.Capacity building

Trainings and demonstrations should be organized for knowledge and skill up

gradation.
Trainings should be imparted to farmers on organic farming with various topics like
soil fertility management, principles and practices of organic farming, organic input
production technologies, use of natural resources and ITK, documentation in
organic farming and certification, post harvest techniques.
2.Supply of inputs in time and quantity

The availability of bio-fertilisers and bio pesticides was also a problem for farmers.
Initial supply of these inputs will encourage farmers to initiate organic farming. The
inputs namely bio-fertilizers (Azolla, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria), Bio-
pesticides (Pseudomonas & Trichoderma), green manure (Sunhemp, Dhaincha,
Calotropis) can be supplied ti the farmers.

3. Spread of Awareness:

Exhibitions, mass media programmes and exposure visits were organized to

create awareness on larger scale. Through this exhibitions, awareness on organic
products and market channels can be created that can divert their interest to organic
farming. Similarly mass media like TV, radio and news papers can be utilized for
wider reach. Publications in the form of folders, booklets and manuals can be
bought out on organic production practices and need based information to the
farmers.

4.Increasing self reliance

Most of the organic inputs were produced locally reducing dependence on

external inputs. Training on the most widely used inputs like farmyard manure,
vermicompost, panchagavya, neem based insect repellents can reduce cost of
cultivation. This may attract small and marginal farmers towards organic farming.
This practice not only reduces input cost but also fetch more price for organically
grown produce.

5.Linking producers and consumers

To create awareness among consumers, exhibitions can be organized where farmer

come in direct contact with the consumers. This will facilitate the farmers to
know the consumer demand and provide direct linkage to consumers.
6. Wide publicity about Success stories:

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karur have developed various extension strategies to

attract farmers towards organic farming. They have trained around 3402 farmers on
organic farming.14 exposure visits to the nearby successful organic farmer fields and
conducted 21 exhibitions. An impact study was conducted at karur village indiacted
that 85% of the respondent were adopted organic farming practices.
The Government of Orissa has pooled resourced from the State Plan and various
central schemes like, Horticulture Mission in North East (HMNE), Macro
Management in Agriculture
(MMA) and RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojna (RKVY). As on date, Sikkim, with only 0.2
% of the geographical area of the country, has accounted for more than 12% of the
total organic area in the country (76,000 ha out of 6,20,000 ha). From the year 2016-
17, the Government of Sikkim is implementing the Centrally Sponsored Scheme,
―Mission Organic Value Chain Development for the North Eastern Region
(MOVCD-NER)‖. The scheme aims at developing certified organic production in
a value chain mode to link growers with consumers through an integrated and
concentrated approach with end-to-end facilities for production, processing,
storage and marketing (Anbalagan, 2016).

NEED OF THE STUDY:

(i) To understand the need for organic farming in India in the light of the experiences
of other countries.

(ii) To assess and evaluate the factors which may facilitate the adoption of organic
farming in the country.

(iii) To analyze the constraints, both political and social, and above all economic, in the
introduction of organic farming in India.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS:

The most important constraint felt in the progress of organic farming is difficulty in
implementing the government policy with relate to firm decision to promote organic
agriculture. Unless such a clear and unambiguous direction is available in terms of both
financial and technical supports, from the Centre to the Panchayath levels, mere
regulation making will amount to nothing. The following are found to be the major
problem areas for the growth of organic farming in the country:
 CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of

the data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with
economy in procedure.

The study is descriptive in nature i.e., descriptive research. Descriptive research is

concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular individual or group. This includes
surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The main characteristic of this method
is that the researcher has no control over the variables; one can only report what has happened
or what is happening. Thus, the research design in case of descriptive study is a comparative
design throwing light on all the areas and must be prepared keeping the objectives of the study
and the resources available. This study involves collection of data from Junior level
Executives.

Research Process:
Steps in Research Process:
1. Formulating the Research Problem
2. Extensive Literature Review
3. Developing the objectives
4. Preparing the Research Design including Sample Design
5. Collecting the Data
6. Analysis of Data
7. Generalisation and Interpretation
8. Preparation of the Report or Presentation of Results-Formal

writes ups of Conclusions reached.

 Sources of Data:
 Primary Data
 Secondary Data

Primary data:

These are those which are collected a fresh (again but in a new or different
way) and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character and
known as Primary data.

It is based on primary source of information.

Secondary data :
It means that are already available that is they refer to the data, which have
already been collected and analyzed by someone else for its own use and
later the same data is used by a different user or person.
It is based on secondary source of information

RESEARCH SOURCE

Research resources are usually thought of as primary sources and secondary sources.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

 To assess and evaluate the factors which may facilitate the adoption of organic
farming in the country.

 To maintain sustainable production system without damaging g

resources/environment
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
Farming enterprises include crop, livestock, poultry, fish, sericulture etc. A combination of
one or more enterprises with cropping when carefully chosen, planned and executed gives
greater dividends than a single enterprise, especially for small and marginal farmers. Farm as
a unit is to be considered and planned for effective integration of the enterprises to be
combined with crop production activity.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Descriptive sampling technique.

Sampling size 100 units

PLAN OF ANALYSIS:

 As a result of analysis of feedback and inputs obtained and having recorded the
findings. The data has been collected through direct questions to the target
respondent’s. Personnel interview conducted where ever possible.
 CHAPTER 3
SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT Analysis

When we use SWOT analysis, Its often for strategic planning. It prepares
for decisions and gives an overall look at the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats of business. But SWOT analysis can also be
used to increase and build upon customer satisfaction.
To give a well-rounded overview of how to use SWOT analysis for a
boost in customer satisfaction, we’ll start with the Strengths
and Weaknesses first.

SWOT analysis, for any who may be unfamiliar, is a planning

method typically used in business strategy to identify
the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that may face a
business or project.
A number of us have likely had the opportunity to either observe or
participate in this exercise for the broader business in which we work. A
quick overview of the core concepts:
 Strengths and weaknesses
Strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization. Strengths
represent positive attributes or characteristics, factors that provide an
advantage. Weaknesses are attributes or characteristics that place the
business at a disadvantage relative to others.

Opportunities and threats

Opportunities and threats are external to the organization. Opportunities
represent external trends and chances to improve performance -
something happening in the outside environment that presents positive
potential. Threats are elements or trends in the outside environment that
could cause trouble for the business, place it at risk.

Strengths

(1) Principles of OA aligning well with the philosophy of GNH.

(2) Strong policy support.

(3) Strong political support.

(4) Similarity to traditional farming.

(5) Pristine environment.

(6) Compatibility with good local farming knowledge.

(7) Strong national organic program.

(8) Increasing international support.

Weaknesses

(1) High production cost.

(2) Lack of awareness

(3) Lack of clarity in policy.

(4)Labour shortage.

(4) Lack of coordination between different agencies.

(5) Limited technical expertise

.(6)Lack of certification.

(7) Poor soil fertility.

(9) Lack of quality planting materials.

(10) Nascent research in OA

(11) Small/irregular supply of organic produce.

(12) Limited plant protection options.

(13) Lack of incentives.

Opportunities

(1) Promoting healthy lifestyle.

(2) Sustainable use of resources.

(3) Developing local organic manure suppliers.

(4) Huge regional export market.

(5) Huge global export market.

(6) Creating seed sovereignty.

(7) Conserving local crops.

(8) Strengthening culture.

(9) Promoting self-sufficiency and food reliance.

(10) Reducing dependence on import.

(11) Growing interest in OA.

(12) Premium price.

(13) Building up soil fertility.

(14) Consistent yield.

(15) Strengthening rural community.

(16) Employment opportunities.

Threats

(1) Impending WTO membership.

(2) Global competition.

(3) Variability in climate pattern.

(4) Yield reduction.

(5) Dwindling supply of organic sources of manure.

(6) Pest and disease incidence.

(7) Higher certification cost.

(8) Introduction of genetically modified organisms

 CHAPTER 4
OUTCOME OF THE STUDY
OUTCOME OF THE STUDY

India is strong in high quality production of organic food

1. Indian population are highly motivation from magazines that will
persuade to buy an organic food its good for health beneficial instead
of non-organic food

2. India is high production of organic food but their high price no

availability as compare to non-organic food

3. India has no organic food famous company in the market by which

same population has not heard about organic food through their vast
advertisement

4. In future India becomes strongly high quality production and

consumption country in the world

5.
 CHAPTER 5
LEARNING EXPERIENCE SAUGGESTINS CONCLUSIONS AND
BIBILIOGRAPHY
This project gave me great opportunity to learn about the all aspects of the
ORGANIC FORMING
And helped me to know about current situation of the organic forming.

The learning experience gained by me during the in plant training

was very much practical oriented. Mostly all the concepts which I studied
in the class, are applicable practically
I gained many new management skills and also got a chance to learn new things
on my own experience.
The overall study of the organization reveals that the company has grown
tremendously

1. Improve skills
One of the most important things you can gain from
internship is new knowledge and network and it helps to improve
many new skills and knowledge

2. Professional communications
It is the best way to learn how to
navigate the working world through real-life hands on experience
one of the most valuable skill you will gain from an internship is the
ability to speak with people in a professionals

3. Making connections
The people who will be reference in the
future it will setup many new connections and build the strong
relationship
 1. Independence
Internship will teach you to make your own
decision and do things on your own being able to work
independently with little guidence is very important in the
working world

I came to know what exactly transport needs wheather quality of work or quality
of work to be done or both. And also some extent I could understand theorganic
forming work culture. Uniformity which is a essential element that management
should maintain it will also create an impression on the minds of another about
their taste, preference, values .I had a great time working on the project, as it
given insights into the working environment of an organization. The environment
is good. I have learn lot of thing there.

This project gave me a great learning experience and at the same time it gave me
enough scope to implement my educational ability. The information advice
presented in this project is based on secondary information.
The Indian organic market is a typical example for a market in the free
growth phase there will be soon some relevant players on the domestic
market. those players will certainly try to earn better income as quickly as
possible from the organic market . this market fact has to be considered
positively in the pre growth phase there is already some awareness about
food quality and pesticides residues among consumers the expression
organic is still not protected and the awareness is diffused. It will be a
difficult task to find the right approach to transform this improper
awareness in the correct way among Indian consumers. So it is a very
important task at the beginning itself to define what organic products are
how are they different from convertion products and also to describe the
usp

Lower price to complete with grocery stores

Add a customer rewards program for frequent buyers
Coupons to customers

Catering
Ofter catering to local business and events

Expand private label selection

Lowers manufacturing cost could offer discounts to customers for using
organic food products

CONCLUSIONS
The Indian domestic market there are potential for more and more
development in organic food and become a most important factor of
national and international economic system development. In domestic
market enables products for better understanding of customers needs
serving the purpose of better meeting their needs and it also enables
consumers to realise better organic products supply
In international market and domestic market the organic food quality
guarantee of organic food products directly influenss consumption
intensity absorption power of the market packaging material design
advertaisment messages choice of the distribution channel.

BIBILIOGRAPHY
BOOKS

David milband the organic forming manual

Alex the sustainable agriculture

Internet Sites

www.economictimes.com
www.near2nature.com
www.sustainableagriculture.com