Post colonialism

What is colonialism?
The word colonialism comes from the Roman word "Colonia" which
means "farm" or "Settlement” and referred to Romans who settled in
other lands but still retained their citizenship. Colonialism and
Imperialism are often used interchangeably It creates the most complex
and traumatic relationships in human society.

Post colonialism
Post colonialism is an academic discipline and theoretical structure that
analyzes, explains, and responds to the cultural legacy of colonialism
and imperialism
It speaks about the human consequences of external control and
economic exploitation of native people and their lands
The reality through is that world today is a world of inequality and much
of different falls across the broad division between people of the waste
and those of the non-waste.
1. A world that has been changed by struggle.
2. It disturbs the order of the world
3. Post colonialism is about changing world
Importance of this term
1. Post colonialism examines the effects of colonial rule on the
cultural aspects of the colony and its treatment of....... Women
Language Humanity Literature
2. Post colonialism address the politics of knowledge
Thinkers
Frantz Fanon

The psychiatrist and philosopher.

Imposition of a subjugating colonial identity is harmful to the mental
health of the native peoples who were subjugated into colonies.
Dehumanization is achieved with physical and mental violence, by
which the colonist means to inculcate a servile mentality upon the
natives.
The Most famous ideas about Occidentalism, Orientalism, the other are
given by him.
“You cannot continue to victimize someone else just because you
yourself were a victim once there has to be a limit” - Edward Said

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

An Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic
Spivak also introduced the terms essentialism and strategic essentialism
to describe the social functions of Post colonialism.
“Can Subaltern Speak??” is the prominent work to study Post
colonialism.
In establishing the Postcolonial definition of the term Subaltern, the
philosopher and theoretician Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak cautioned
against assigning an over-broad connotation; that:
“ . . . subaltern is not just a classy word for "oppressed", for The Other,
for somebody who's not getting a piece of the pie. . . . In postcolonial
terms, everything that has limited or no access to the cultural
imperialism is subaltern—a space of difference.
Now, who would say that's just the oppressed? The working class is
oppressed. It's not subaltern. . . . Many people want to claim
subalternity. They are the least interesting and the most dangerous. I
mean, just by being a discriminated-against minority on the university
campus; they don't need the word 'subaltern' . . .
They should see what the mechanics of the discrimination are. They're
within the hegemonic discourse, wanting a piece of the pie, and not
being allowed, so let them speak, use the hegemonic discourse. They
should not call themselves subaltern.”

Representative work
Breath, Eyes, Memory

In her 1994 novel, Breath, Eyes, Memory, Ediwage handicat examines

themes of migration, gender, sexuality, and history, common themes of
postcolonial literature. The novel follows the exploits of Sophie in her
battles to carve an identity out of disparate languages and cultures, such
as Creole, French, and English, and to adapt to American ways in the
Haitian diaspora after she arrives in Brooklyn, New York. Danticat's
emphasis on women's experience makes her a leading younger voice of
post-colonial feminism. Breath, Eyes, Memory was an Oprah Book Club
selection and helped Danticat to be named one of the Best Young
American Novelists by Granta magazine in 1996.

Ceremony

Leslie Marmon Silko's 1977 novel, Ceremony, is widely considered to

be one of the most important works of Native American
literature written. Silko's novel celebrates the traditions and myths of the
Laguna Pueblo people while examining the influence of white contact
on Pueblo storytelling. As a people who continue to live under a form of
colonial rule (i.e., the United States) yet who have achieved a degree of
autonomy, Native Americans occupy a special place in postcolonial
discourse.

Decolonizing the Mind

Kenyan Ngugi WA Thiong'o's 1986 Decolonizing the Mind is part
memoir, part treatise, describing the storytelling traditions of his people
and the ways in which the British colonial educational system attempted
to eradicate Gikuyu language and culture, effectively colonizing the
mind of

Rose
Li-Young Lee's first collection of poems, Rose, published in 1986,
provides a glimpse into the consciousness of the Chinese diaspora. Lee,
whose parents emigrated from China to Indonesia and then with their
family to the United States, was born in Jakarta. His poems, though
deeply personal and full of family history, show the devastating
emotional and psychological effects that forced emigration has on both
families and individuals. The atmosphere of "silence" in Lee's poems
illustrates the writer's own shame in his inability to speak the language
of his new country.

THEMES
Racism
Language
Identity

Racism
Racial discrimination is a theme that runs throughout postcolonial
discourse, as white Europeans consistently emphasized their superiority
over darker-skinned people. This was most evident in South Africa,
whose policy of apart-head was institutionalized in national laws. These
laws included the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act and the
Immorality Act, which prohibited sexual intercourse and marriage
between whites and blacks.

Language
In occupied countries, colonizers often controlled their subjects through
imposing their language upon them and forbidding them to speak their
own. Educational systems enforced this imposed restriction. Postcolonial
writers address the issue of language in various ways.
Identity
In their desire to reclaim a past that had been taken from them,
postcolonial writers often address the question of identity, either
implicitly or explicitly in their work. However, doing so often requires
using the language of the colonizers, which in itself complicates the
drive to become the person they thought they were or should have
become.

Thus, Post colonialism establishes intellectual spaces for subaltern

peoples to speak for themselves, in their own voices, and thus produce
cultural discourses of philosophy, language, society and economy,
balancing the imbalanced us- and-them binary power-relationship
between the colonist and the colonial subjects.