Engleski jezik Elči Ibrahim-pašina medresa

Pitanja za izbornu nastavu (3. razred) Gateway B2+ 2nd ed. (David Spencer)

1. Explain the meaning of these body idioms:

- Be under someone's thumb
- Lend someone a hand
- Pull someone's leg
- See eye-to-eye with someone

To be under somenone's thumb - to be controlled by someone.

Lend someone a hand – help someone
Pull someone's leg – tell someone something that is not true, as a joke
See eye-to-eye with someone – have the same opinion as someone

2. Define these words: interaction, commuter, amass and like-minded

Interaction – an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react
to each other
Commuter – someone who regularly travels between work and home
Amass – to get a large amount of something, especially money or information, by
collecting it over a long period
Like-minded – sharing the same opinions, ideas or interests

3. Which tenses can be used for past activities?

We can use the past simple for finished actions in the past; past continuous for actions
that were in progress at a specific moment in the past; past perfect for actions that
happened in the past before other past actions; present perfect for actions that
happened at an unspecified moment in the past.

If we want to talk about the future in the past, we can use:

a) Was/were about to + verb The commuters were about to get on the train.
b) Was/were going to + verb The commuters were going to get on the train.

We can also use the present perfect continuous to talk about actions that started in the
past, but are incomplete or finished very recently, especially when the duration of the
action is important. E.g.: She has been studying the human brain for 30 years.

When we talk about an action that happened before other actions in the past, but the
duration of the action is important, we use the past perfect continuous.

E.g.: The commuter had been sitting alone for hours when she joined him.

4. What are typical noun suffixes. Give examples.

Typical noun suffixes are:

- cy accuracy, privacy - ness happiness, loneliness
- or actor, professor - ion interaction. invention
- ence confidence, coincidence - ment movement, argument
 - ant participant, contestant - ity personality, morality
- ist psychologist, scientist - er researcher, speaker

5. Use these words and phrases in a sentence: get across, speak your mind, think
through

I can generally get across my ideas so that people understand them.

She is not afraid to speak her mind, even if she upsets people.
If you think things through, you can organise your thoughts in a clear and thorough
way.

6. How can we express present and past habits?

When we talk about present habits, we can use:
a) The present simple Our lessons start at 8 am.
b) The present continuous You are always taking my things. (an annoying habit)
c) Will My friends and I will usually meet on Friday
evenings.

To talk about past habits, we can use:

a) Used to
My dad used to read stories to me when I was a child.
b) Would
He would come and visit us on Sundays. (would + action verb)
c) Past continuous
My mum was always telling me to get up early on Sundays. (an annoying habit)

7. Complete these similes:

- As clear as _____________________ as clear as mud
- As cool as _____________________ as cool as a cucumber
- As fresh as _____________________ as fresh as a daisy
- As quick as _____________________ as quick as a flash
- As white as _____________________ as white as a sheet

8. Explain the meaning of these words: yell, whine, groan, shriek and mutter

Yell – to speak in a loud voice in order to make people hear you

Whine – to complain in a way that annoys other people
Groan – to speak in a way that shows you are unhappy
Shriek – to speak in a very loud, high voice because you are so scared that you cannot
control yourself
Mutter – to speak in a low voice that is difficult to hear

9. Use these words in a sentence: seat belt, speed limit, steering wheel, driving licence

It's compulsory to wear a seat belt in a car, but not everybody does it.
The speed limit in cities is 50 kilometres an hour.
If you turn the steering wheel, the car will go right or left.
The minimum age to obtain a driving licence should be 21, not 18.
10. Write the synonyms of these words: toughen, imminent, rash, provisional
Toughen – strenghten, make stricter
Imminent – close, near
 Rash – impetuous, impulsive
Provisional - temporary
11. How do we express obligation in the present and in the past?
We use have to/has to, need to and must for the present. E.g.:
We have to/need to/must go now.
We don't have to go/don't need to go. (no obligation)
We use had to and needed to for past obligations.
We didn't need to go there. (no obligation)
We needn't have gone there. (not obligatory, but we did it)

12. How do we express prohibition in the present and in the past?

We use mustn't and can't for the present.
You mustn't/can't smoke here.
We use couldn't and wasn't/weren't allowed for the past.
They weren't allowed to smoke there.

13. Which modal verbs do we use to talk about permission in the present and the past?
We use can and be allowed to for the present.
You are allowed to park here. You can park here.
You cannot park here. (no permission)
We use could for the past.
You could park there yesterday.

14. Which modal verbs do we use to give advice?

We use should, 'd/had better and ought to for the present.
You should take care of your health.
We use should/ought to have/shouldn't have + past participle to criticise past actions.
You shouldn't have done that.

15. What are collocations?

A collocation is a combination of two or more words that are commonly used together,
in a way that sounds natural to a native speaker.

16. What are some collocations with take, make and do?

Typical collocations with take are:

Take place, take cover, take offence, take a risk, take effect
Collocations with make:
Make an attempt, make a call, make a choice, make a suggestion
Collocations with do:
Do business, do a course, do harm, do the chores, do your best

17. Use these words in a sentence: a snap decision, hence, whereas, synapse

If you make a snap decision, without thinking of the consequences, you might regret it
later.
He has just got a pay rise, hence the new car.
She enjoys confrontation, whereas I prefer a quiet life.
Chemical signals are passed from one cell in the brain to another through a structure
called a synapse.

18. What are modal verbs of speculation and deduction and when do we use them?

Modal verbs of speculation and deduction for the present are:

 a) Must – He must be her husband. We are 90% sure that something is true.
b) May/might/could/may not/might not He might be her husband.
There is a 50% possibility that something is true.
c) Can't - He can't be her husband. We are 90% certain that something is not true.

Modal verbs of speculation and deduction for the past are:

a) Must have He must have been her husband.
We are 90% certain that something was true.
b) Can't have He can't have been her husband.
We are 90% certain that something wasn't true.
c) May have/might have/could have/may not have/might not have
He may have been her husband.
There is a 50% possibility that something was true.

19. What are the synonyms of these words: recall, grasp, bewildered, articulate
Recall – remember
Grasp - understand
Bewildered – baffled, confused
Articulate – express, say

20. What is autism?

It's a mental condition present from early childhood, characterized by great diffculty in
communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and
abstract concepts.

21. Who are savants?

A savant is a person with detailed knowledge in a specialized field.

22. Define these words: devise, groundbreaking, exploit, flawlessly

Devise – to invent a plan, system, object, using your intelligence and imagination
Groundbreaking – innovative, providing new and positive ideas
Exploit – to use something in a way it helps you
Flawlessly – done perfectly, without mistakes

23. Which verbs are typically used with a verb+ing form?

These are:
Admit, avoid, consider, deny, face, feel like, finish, include, practise, recommend, risk,
suggest
He admitted stealing the watch.

24. Which verbs are typically used with a to infinitive?

These are: afford, agree, appear, arrange, decide, expect, fail, happen, help, hope,
manage, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, volunteer, wait

25. Which verbs can be followed both by a gerund and an infinitive? How does that
affect the meaning of the sentence?
These are: stop, remember, forget, like, try, mean, go on
I remembered doing my homework. (You did it and remember it later.)
I remembered to do my homework. (You remembered that you needed to do
something.)

26. When do we use an infinitive without to?

We use it after these verbs when they are followed by an object:
Feel, hear, help, let, make, overhear, see
He let me do the work.
27. Define these words: contract, genetic engineering, prevalent, resistant
Contract – to become infected with a disease
Genetic engineering – the practice or science of adding genes to a living thing
Prevalent – very common in a particular place or among a particular group
Resistant – not harmed or affected by something

28. What are the synonyms of these words: eradicate, tackle, offspring, halt, setback
Eradicate – eliminate, get rid of
Tackle – deal with
Offspring - descendants
Halt - stop
Setback – problem, difficulty

29. Which types of conditionals do we have in English?

1. Zero conditional If you mix yellow and red, you get orange. (objective truth)
2. First conditional If you go to the library, you will see John. (possibility)
3. Second conditional If you went to the library, you would see John. (hypothesis
for the present and the future)
4. Third conditional If you had gone to the library, you would have seen John.
(hypothetical situation in the past)

30. Give examples of other conditional structures.

1. Unless = if ...not, except if
We won't be able to swim unless the swimming pool is open.
2. As long as, provided/providing (that) = if, only if
We will be able to swimm as long as/provided the swimming pool is open.
3. Supposing/suppose = imagine
Supposing he came to eat tonight, would we have enough food?
4. Should/were to/happened to = when something is less probable
If it were to/should/happened to rain tomorrow, what would we do?
5. I wish/If only + the past simple = talking about imaginary situations in the present
I wish I was on the beach right now.
6. I wish/If only + past perfect = talking about past situations that we would have
liked to be different.
If only I hadn't spent all my money last week.
7. I wish/If only + would/wouldn't + infinitive = talking about somebody's habitual
behaviour that we want to criticise or change
My dad smokes. I wish he wouldn't do it.

31. When do we use mixed conditionals?

We use mixed conditionals:
1. To describe an imaginary present situation and its past consequence.
If I liked that group, I would have gone to see them in concert.
If + past simple, ...would/wouldn't + have + past participle
2. To describe an imaginary past situation and its present consequence.
If I had had breakfast, I wouldn't be hungry now.
If + past perfect, ... would/wouldn't + infinitive

32. Define these compouns nouns: outlook, outcome, outset, outbreak, crackdown

Outlook – an idea of what the situation will be like in the future; your general attitude
to things
Outcome – the result of a process, meeting, activity etc.
Outset – the start or beginning of something
 Outbreak – sudden start of war, disease, violence
Crackdown – strong action that someone in authority takes to stop a particular activity

33. Use these words in a sentence: consumption, corroborate, bias, repercussions

Switzerland has the highest consumption of chocolate per capita.
Recent research seems to corroborate his theory.
Reporters have to be impartial and not show political bias.
President Kennedy's assassination had far-reaching repercussions.

34. Explain the meaning of these words: excel, penmanship, loath, feat
Excel – to be extremely good at something
Penmanship – the ability to write neatly, or the activity of learning to do so
Loath – to be unwilling to do something
Feat – something difficult, needing a lot of skill, strength, courage to achieve it

35. Define these words and phrases: designate, littering, lodge a formal complaint,
prosecuted
Designate – mark, appoint, specify
Littering - the bad habit of throwing away or leaving rubbish lying around in public
places instead of using the rubbish bins
Lodge a formal complaint – to make an official complaint about something
Prosecuted – officially accused of commiting a crime in a law court

36. Use these words in a sentence: court, charged, wreck, convict, fine

What the witness said in court was not consistent with the statement he made to
the police.
She has been charged with murder.
Our greenhouse was wrecked in last night's storm.
He has been convicted of robbery.
Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily.

37. What are the synonyms of these words: forthcoming, magistrate, nuisance, offence
Forthcoming - imminent
Magistrate - judge
Nuisance - disturbance
Offence – illegal act

38. How do we express the future in English?

We can express futurity with:
a) Present simple tense (when the action is part of a timetable or routine)
The train leaves at 4 pm.
We use the present simple with time expressions like when, as soon as, before,
after, until. E.g.: As soon as the class starts I will take my books out.
b) Present continuous tense (future arrangements; plans that have been confirmed)
Experts from around the world are meeting at a conference next month.
c) Be going to future
- Plans and intentions for the future: I've already decided that I'm going to eat
healthier food next year.
- Predictions based on evidence: The weather forecast says that it is going to
rain next weekend.
d) Will future
 - Predictions based on thoughts, opinions and expectations: Some scientists
predict that there will be a new Ice Age.
- Decisions at the moment of speaking: Don't worry. I'll answer the door.
- Objective truth: Next year February will have twenty-nine days.
e) Future continuous
We use the future continuous to talk about unfinished activities in progress at a
particular time in the future.

I'll be managing my own company at the age of 40.

f) Future perfect simple

We use the future perfect simple to talk about activities that will be finished by a
certain time in the future.
I will have gone to bed by midnight.

g) Future perfect continous

We use this tense to talk about how long an activity will be in progress before a
particular moment in the future.
By 8 pm I will have been revising history for five hours.

h) Be on the verge/point of
We use this expression to talk about something that is going to happen very soon.
They are on the verge of inventing something really revolutionary.

39. What are prepositional phrases with these words: account, addition, aid, behalf,
means and strength?
On account of
In addition to
In aid of
On behalf of
By means of
On the strength of

40. Define these words: flaming, trolling, recipient

Flaming – the act of posting or sending offensive messages over the internet
Trolling - any Internet user behavior that is meant to intentionally anger or frustrate
someone else in order to provoke a response.
Recipient – a person who receives something

41. Explain the meaning of these words: lodger, tenant, squatter.

Lodger – someone who pays to live in a house or flat with the person who owns it
Tenant – a peson who rents a house or flat
Squatter – a person who lives in a place without paying rent to the owner

42. What are the synonyms of these words: ground rules, trawl, dodgy, pokey and
hassle?
Ground rules – basic principles
Trawl - search
Dodgy - dangerous
Pokey - small
Hassle – difficulty

43. What are the different types of reporting structures?

a) verb + to-infinitive: agree, claim, offer, promise, and refuse (e.g. He agreed to go with
them.)
 b) verb + object + infinitive: advise, ask, forbid, instruct, tell, order and recommend (e.g.
She advised him to buy tickets in advance.)
c) verb + gerund: admit, advise, deny, regret, recommend, suggest (e.g. They admitted
stealing the watch.)
d) verb + preposition + gerund: apologize for, insist on, object to, confess to (e.g. We
apologized for arriving late.)
e) verb + object + preposition + gerund: accuse somebody of, congratulate somebody
on, criticize somebody for, warn somebody against (e.g. They accused him of cheating
in the exam.)
f) verb + (that) + sentence in reported speech, e.g.: say, reply, add, admit, agree,
announce, claim, complain, explain, promise, deny
He promised that he would help me.
g) verb + object + (that) + sentence in reported speech, e.g. tell, remind, warn, inform
She informed us that she was late.

44. How do we report questions?

In reported questions the same changes occur as with reported statements.
We do not use the auxiliary verb do.
Dou you like pasta? She asked me if I liked pasta.
There is no inversion of subject and verb.
Where are you? She asked me where I was.
When there is no question word (who, what, how, why etc.) we use if or whether.
Can you do it? He asked me if I could do it.

45. What are some idiomatic expressions with home?

a) Home truths – unpleasant facts or opinions about you that someone tells you
b) Be home and dry – having achieved victory, or certain to achieve it
c) Be home from home – a place where you feel as relaxed as in your own home
d) Home in – to move quickly toward something

46. Use these words in a sentence: respectful, collide, presume, resolve.

He taught his children to be respectful of other cultures.
The two vans collided at the crossroads.
I presume they are not coming since they haven't replied to the invitation.
They are unable to resolve the conflict.

47. What are impersonal reporting structures?

These are structures that are used to talk about what people in general say, think or
believe about something.

48. What is their form?

Form:
1. It + be + past participle of believe, know, think etc. + that
It is said that dolphins can communicate.

2. Subject + be + past participle of believe, know, think etc. + to infinitive (present)

Dolphins are said to be able to communicate.
Subject + be + past participle of believe, know et. + to + have + past participle (past)
The president was claimed to have known about it.

49. Explain the meaning of these words: bustling, quaint, run-down, thriving and well-
off.
Bustling – full of busy activity (a bustling place)
Quaint – attractive because it's unusal and old-fashioned (a quaint cottage)
Run-down – in very bad condition (a run-down building)
Thriving – very successful (thriving business)
 Well-off – rich (a well-off neighbourhood)

50. Use these words in a sentence: steeped in, contemporary, shabby, sprawl
Imagine a city that steeped in history.
Istanbul combines ancient traditions with a contemporary feel.
The refugees were shabby and hungry.
He sprawled across the bed.