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Bengal Nights and It Does Not Die Manushi - 5a131d061723ddf6dea3b5f2 PDF
Bengal Nights and It Does Not Die Manushi - 5a131d061723ddf6dea3b5f2 PDF
Love, Bengal-Style
Bengal Nights It Does Not Die
Mircea Eliade Maitreyi Devi
The University of Chicago Press The University of Chicago Press
1994; $ 22.50 1994; $ 22.50
No. 86 37
love between a girl and a tree?” Upon to change the name of his heroine
such a declaration the young student from Maitreyi to Gayatri and erase the
from Bucharest was disturbed and sexually explicit scenes from the film.
taken aback and quickly resolved his Being a Hindu, Maitreyi obviously did
discomfort by treating it as yet another not share Mircea’s Christian compul-
example of pantheism, but Maitreyi sion to confess, to admit, to make
was saddened. “He could not believe known, to come to terms with one’s
that this was no ‘ism’ but just soaring self by salving the conscience.
poetic fancy.” Hepworth and Turner, quoting An-
thony Trollope, have said that men
At sixteen, Maitreyi was a budding
and women who desist from confess-
poet, her first book already published
ing are viewed with “a disagreeable
with an introduction by Rabindranath
suspicion.” Hepworth and Turner have
Tagore. To Mircea she was a coquette;
further said, that in romantic confes-
vain, precocious, pampered, and
sional literature, platonic affection
clearly did not merit the intellectual
indicates “respect for the person rather
admiration she commanded from her
than mere sexual attraction to the
father and the lettered of Calcutta. In
body as a sexual object.” But perhaps
fact Bengal Nights exhibits a veiled,
Maitreyi was merely trying to protect
implicit intellectual disrespect not
her right to privacy, zealously guard-
only towards Surendranath Dasgupta
ing her most sacred, most intimate
but towards the Bengali literati in gen-
seductress, a sensuous siren, domain, the innermost realm of her
eral that he encountered during his
provocating and inviting him to ex- being which no man could violate.
stay in the Dasgupta household - a
disrespect more glaring and eloquent plore the promising delights of her Maitreyi had also objected to the
in the silences, in the gaps between nubile body, which he did apparently, open association of her name with that
the syntagmas. “For a long time, I night after night in the dark precincts of the Tagores, although readers of It
flattered myself by thinking of our re- of the Bhowanipur house.
Does Not Die would be only too fa-
lationship as that of civilized man and Maitreyi has objected loudly, de- miliar with her unabashed expressions
barbarian,” an unfathomable, elusive nying vehemently, those nights of of affection for the poet. “Do not leave
barbarian. This was compounded by passion, first in Na Hanyate (the origi- me, master, come back to my heart. I
the fact that despite herself, Maitreyi nal Bengali of It Does Not Die, pub- have nothing else in my life - I never
was drawn irresistibly towards his lished in 1972, 20 years after the had. Covering my past, present and
fairness. With “envy and melancholy” French translation of Maitreyi) and future, your presence is a constant
her gaze would wander and rest for a then again, in 1987, when she filed a festival.” As she told Mircea many
few moments on his partly uncovered stay order against producer Phillippe
arm, on his feet “white as alabaster”, times, despite his outraged jealousy,
Diaz and director Nicholas Klotz to “my sky blooms stars at night, and
amusing and enchanting Mircea with stop the production of the French film,
her jealousy. More than once, she has forests blossom flowers in the morn-
Les Nuits Bengali, which she claimed
sat by him and reflected, “I also would ing, because he is there”. Through-
sullied her name and made her life
like to be white. Is it possible, do you out her conversations with Mircea, she
profane. Facticity seemed to bother
think?” seems to have allowed herself a rare
her less at old age. She wrote in an
article in 1988: “Books that achieve candour in It Does Not Die about her
Yet he was intrigued and smitten.
literary success cannot only be a bare not so conventional emotions towards
For him, Maitreyi was an enigma,
account of facts, they are mostly a the greatest icon of Bengal. This non-
beautiful, like a startled bird, a “crea-
ture of movements as supple as silk mixture of facts and imagination...” conformism which is bounded and re-
........ whose musical voice continu- and she firmly held all books were not strained in Maungpute Rabindranath,
ally invented new harmonies, new meant for filming. For “any literature a book crisp and tight unlike the sen-
pitches.” As he fell in love with her, impregnated with some deep idea will sual languor and repetitiveness of a
the primitive child in the eyes of the not bear an audiovisual expression.” more sentimental, Rabindrik, Na
Orientalist metamorphosed into the Director Nicholas Klotz was forced Hanyate.
38 MANUSHI
It Does Not Die is Maitreyi’s soul wanted to embrace Hinduism. “Is it has written, even if it were so, he
on wings, her liberated self, rippling possible that he thinks father will eas- would not be eligible - he would have
with poetry and laughter, revealing a ily agree if he becomes a Hindu?” to be of the same caste but of a differ-
world mosaiced with literature, where Mircea apparently had no doubts in ent clan, for if the clan was the same
Mircea and Maitreyi find love and his mind. In the beginning he thought “it would mean that probably many
romance between the pages of Hearne his hosts were conspiring to marry thousands of years ago they were of
and Hamsun, Goethe and Conrad, him off to Maitreyi with obvious at- the same parents so it would be in-
Swinburne and Whitman, Kalidasa tempts to bind them in friendship. “It cest if they married lawfully. He can-
and Tagore. It gives glimpses of a was as though a plot was being not get into the heart of all this com-
changing world, a patriarchal, tradi- hatched against me: I was meant to plexity, though he constantly enquires
tional, yet educated Anglophile, fall in love with Maitreyi ............ that about our customs and social injunc-
bhadralok, desperately seeking the was why we were always left alone tions. He does not know how much
rational; a world inhabited by Mantu, together.” His revulsion against such our family is bound by these irratio-
Lilu, Shanti, Khoka, Tagore, Uday, machinations disappeared once he did nal rules.” Mircea was allowed such
Shankar, Russian magicians and lit- fall in love with her, but the fear of intimate proximity as he was en-
erary soirees. It was a time of shifting the matrimonial trap pursued him for sconced in the bosom of the family
sexual moralities. Maitreyi writes, a long time. Marrying Maitreyi im- like a son - and to Maitreyi, in the
“We hesitated to talk to men ......... it plied the embracing of a life bereft of eyes of the trusting Dasguptas, like
was not that I did not want to talk and freedom and bounded by rules, but his an adopted brother. Maitreyi bound
I was certain the other party was dy- fear melted once his passion, which their relationship in secrecy, for as
ing to — then why didn’t we ? No he thought to be insignificant, and long as “no one suspected their rela-
one stopped us. Yet we could not.” In sheer fantasy became “a blossoming tionship”, like that of Aradhana and
upper-middle class families, she con- of the senses ......... beyond sensual- Soumen, they were safe. It was love,
tinues, sex remained completely hid- ity”, suffusing him in an elysian bliss, Bengal-style.
den. “Nobody talked about it ........ we “carrying (him) far away, to an un- In the ultimate analysis, it was the
never saw any expression of sex ........ known and unearthly region of (his) anthropologist who failed, misreading
we never saw men and women hold soul” which was “a state of pure “other” cultures through wrong in-
hands. We could guess, a little indi- grace”. All that remained was a con- dexes. Or perhaps it was simply the
rectly, about the existence of an un- version to Hinduism. But as Maitreyi tragedy of love. On September 18,
seen, hidden world.” From the veil of 1930, Surendranath Dasgupta threw
this world, Dasgupta attempted to Mircea out of his Bhowanipur house.
bring his daughter out: like Aradhana What followed was an indescribable
and Shanti, whose stories she re- period of agony and estrangement,
counts, Maitreyi was the chrysalis in sickness and misery. There were in-
the metastatis of a civilization. tercepted letters and uncommunicated
Could Mircea’s anthropological messages, desperate gropings which
eyes see and comprehend this uni- failed to connect. Both waited for the
verse, marked by so many shadowy other, both miscued, fate played un-
presences, so many ephemeral fair, so they lost each other forever
changelings in a society’s transforma- on the shores of life.
tive process? Maitreyi claims not. She Matreyi eventually married - a
laments insistently, “Poor fellow, he stable, steady, married life with a
did not understand our society, our chemist; a life oppressed by loneli-
faith and our customs, in spite of his ness. Sadly, she writes that she and
study.” Even at 73 years of age, she her husband inhabited different uni-
has written that he was imposing his verses. “We sit together in the veran-
own impressions which were full of dah, I try to open up a conversation,
misconceptions upon an unknown just one or two words trickle out, and
country and an unknown civilization. then they get lost in the desert land of
He wore a dhoti every afternoon; he silence. In which language shall we
No. 86 39
speak? We use different languages.” that which is unanchored, formless, References
Unlike Byatt’s Christabel LaMotte, infinite; it is entitled It Does Not Die, 1. Byatt, A.S., Possession, (Vintage; U.K.;
who though unmarried and engaged the unborn, eternal, everlasting, pri- 1991).
in an illicit and impossible love, never meval Love which does not perish 2. Devi, Maitreyi, Na Hanyate, (Prima
felt lonely after meeting Randolph when the body dies. In 1972, 42 years Publication; Calcutta; 1993).
Henry Ash, Maitreyi was alone nearly after the fated parting, Maitreyi 3. Devi, Maitreyi, Mongpute Rabindranath,
every day of her life, for once be- (Prima Publications; Calcutta; 1993).
briefly met Mircea in the University
trayed, Mircea was vanquished from 4. Devi, Maitreyi, Night Without End, The
of Chicago’s School of Divinity. She
Statesman, 12th December, 1988.
her now enclosed mind as an illusion said she had come to meet Him whom
created by the moon’s deceptive light. 5. Eliade, Mircea, The Myth of the Eternal
weapon cannot pierce, fire cannot Return, (Arkana; U.K.; 1989).
F. Gonzalez-Crussi has written that burn, and he answered, “Na hanyate 6. Gonzalez-Crussi, F., On the Nature of Things
nobody is “so pure or so wise as never hanyamane sharire (it does not die Erotic (Harcourt, Brace, Janovitch; Orlando;
to have needed the simple, private when the body dies)”. He promised 1988).
codes by which lovers communicate her that she would meet his real Self 7. Hepworth, Mike, and, Turner, Bryan S.,
the thoughts that they deem exclu- on the shores of the Ganga in a mytho- Confession - Studies in Deviance and
logical time which returns eternally Religion, (Routledge and Kegan Paul;
sively their own,” for “love is the su- London; 1982).
preme lexicographer and the foremost to regenerate itself. “(Concrete) time
8. The Illustrated Weekly of India, 3rd January,
nonverbal communicator”. Mircea does not exist (and) where it becomes 1988.
and Maitreyi’s books are encoded se- perceptible - because of man’s sins 9. Jugantar, 12th December, 1987.
crets of two lovers written only for ........ time can be annulled.” And so 10. Paribartan, 30th December, 1987.
each other, in the one way they knew they would live forever eternally in
11. Stevenson, Robert Louis, On Falling in Love
- to explain and to “make-up”. an “atemporal present”. (Eliade, in Virginibus Puerisque, (T.Nelson & Sons;
Maitreyi’s book is dedicated to Time, 1989) U.K.; 1881) !
40 MANUSHI
mounted such a sustained, and there-
fore heroic, opposition to a govern-
ment project. The film is peppered
with quotes from men and women
who are undertaking the march. We
are told that there are 3,000 march-
ers, and after they have been joined
by other marchers, we are told that
there are 6,000; visually, the camera
never conveys anything depicting
these numbers.
Narmada, a Valley Rises is a mar-
vellous example of how to bring alive
a popular struggle. It captures the or-
dinary moments--when people are just
resting or chatting--as evocatively as
the tension-charged ones - when the
marchers have reached the Gujarat
During the last few years, reams allow resources to be squandered in
border and come up against an orches-
of newsprint have been expended on this fashion. Would progress come to
trated opposition. It is a film made by
the issue, and several films made on the country by stopping the dam or
a man who is unequivocally taking this conflict between those to be building it, Singh asks rhetorically.
sides, and thus his commentary on the displaced by the Sardar Sarovar dam,
moves of the pro-dam lobby ranged and the government of Gujarat. This I only recall this film to make the
on the border with police acquies- reviewer has seen two other films: point that the Narmada Dam, and the
cence is sardonic. The camera work Manibeli, also a documentary made numerous questions about develop-
has immediacy--it is there right in the by people at Cendit, and Nalini ment that it poses, should have by now
middle of the conflict, in the midst of Singh’s documentary for merited a dispassionate examination
the scuffling with the police, alternat- Doordarshan, Jis Desh Mein Narmada on film — perhaps a documentary se-
ing from one camp to another. It cap- Beheti Hai, shown in l993. ries of two or three parts; preferably
tures the machinations of the pro-dam in a series that can see beyond Patkar
lobby, which is personified by the The first is a straight activist film. as its focus, and beyond the arguments
Gujarat Chamber of Commerce, a It is was about a village that would of the Gujarat government and the
lobby which busses in paid villagers be submerged when the dam waters
Chamber of Commerce, and answer
to this border site, and keeps them rose, and predictably, paints the dam’s
many questions. Will the waters re-
supplied with food. It captures Patkar construction as unmitigated villainy.
ally take four years to reach the thirsty
and her lieutenants planning strategies Singh’s film goes about its own
villages of the North? Will they re-
and counter moves. It is an unhurried agenda more subtly: it scrupulously
poses arguments and counter-argu- ally end up in the sugarcane fields of
case study, but nevertheless one which Central Gujarat? Do the thirsty vil-
ments, throws in a lot of statistics, and
never becomes boring. lages in the north also think so? Who
allows oustees their say about the kind
So what does the film accomplish? of rehabilitation they are being fobbed are these people? What is their plight
Indisputably, sympathy for the cause off with. It conveys the extremism of really like? And conversely, if the dam
it espouses, a further canonisation of the activists through their own words, project really were stopped, would the
Patkar, something of an over- just as Ali Kazimi lampoons the pro- waste signified by it be as criminal as
romanticisation of the life led by the dam lobby through its own words. it is being made out to be?
Bhils and the Bhilalas in the Narmada Singh’s film concludes with the A cause celebre is an emotive sub-
valley, and an unequivocal condem- economic argument that Rs 2,500 ject for a film. But, logically, getting
nation of the “greed” of the other side, crore has already been spent on the at the truth and at viable alternatives
which wants the waters of the dam (until that point of time), Rs six to extreme positions should be as
Narmada for Central and Northern crore is being wasted every day, and compelling an exercise, if only some-
Gujarat. that no country in the world should body would undertake it. !
No. 86 41