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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Hierarchical interlocked
orthogonal faulting in the 2019
Ridgecrest earthquake
sequence
• Zachary E. Ross1,*, Benjamín Idini1, Zhe Jia1, Oliver L.
Stephenson1, Minyan Zhong1, Xin Wang1, Zhongwen Zhan1,
Mark Simons1, Eric J. Fielding2, Sang-Ho Yun2, Egill Hauksson1,
Angelyn W. Moore2, Zhen Liu2, Jungkyo Jung2
See all authors and affiliations
Science 18 Oct 2019:
Vol. 366, Issue 6463, pp. 346-351
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz0109
• Article
• Figures & Data
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• PDF
Many ruptures across many scales
The period of seismic quiescence in Southern California was
rudely interrupted by the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in July
2019. Ross et al. mapped the slip sequences during the
magnitude 6.4 and 7.1 earthquakes that shook the region. They
found that ruptures of a few larger, but many smaller, faults
occurred during both earthquakes. The Ridgecrest sequence calls
for rethinking seismic hazard, as multifault ruptures are not
usually considered when assessing seismic risk.
Science, this issue p. 346
Abstract
A nearly 20-year hiatus in major seismic activity in southern
California ended on 4 July 2019 with a sequence of intersecting
earthquakes near the city of Ridgecrest, California. This sequence
included a foreshock with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.4
followed by a Mw 7.1 mainshock nearly 34 hours later. Geodetic,
seismic, and seismicity data provided an integrative view of this
sequence, which ruptured an unmapped multiscale network of
interlaced orthogonal faults. This complex fault geometry persists
over the entire seismogenic depth range. The rupture of the
mainshock terminated only a few kilometers from the major
regional Garlock fault, triggering shallow creep and a substantial
earthquake swarm. The repeated occurrence of multifault
ruptures, as revealed by modern instrumentation and analysis
techniques, poses a formidable challenge in quantifying regional
seismic hazards.
http://www.sciencemag.org/about/science-licenses-journal-
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