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Case Study Teaching Material Headloss Friction - 0
Case Study Teaching Material Headloss Friction - 0
The Darcy equation gives the head loss in turbulent flow for a circular pipe.
hf = 4 f l x c2
d 2g
Where:
The friction factor f depends on the velocity of flow, the pipe diameter, the fluid
density and viscosity and the roughness of the pipe.
One mean of calculating the friction factor (for turbulent flow is smooth pipes)
is to use the Blasius equation:
f = 0.079/Re 1/4
This is accurate within + 5% for smooth pipes at Reynolds numbers less than
100 000
In order to calculate losses for a larger range of Reynolds numbers and pipe
roughness we need to use the Moody Chart. This is a graph of the friction
factor f against Reynolds numbers for various values of k/d, where k is a
measure of the wall roughness and d is the pipe diameter.
From the Moody chart we can see that there are 3 regions which can be
considered when attempting to gain a value for f.
2. For pipe roughness k value less than 0.001, the Blasius equation can
d
f = 0.0079
Re1/4
headloss/docs/sci/DC/MGS
Example
Water with a coefficient of dynamic viscosity of 1.4 x 10 -3 NS/m2 flows along a
pipe 50mm diameter. If the pipe has an absolute roughness of 0.0000 7m,
calculate:
Q = _____3___ = 5 x 10 -5 m3/s
1000 x 60
C = Q
A
= 5 x 10 -5 x 4
π x 0.052
= 0.025 m/s
Re = cd
μ
= 1096
This is less than 2000, therefore the flow is laminar, and we can use the
equation
f = 16
Re
= 16 = 0.0146
1096
hf = 4 f l c2
2gd
headloss/docs/sci/DC/MGS
= 4 x 0.0146 x 1000 x 0.0252
2 x 9.81 x 0.05
= 0.037 m of water
= 0.018 W
Re = cd
μ
= 14912
This is significantly greater than 2000, therefore the flow can be assumed
turbulent. Therefore we can use a combination of the Moody Chart and Darcy
equation.
0.00007 = 0.0014
0.05
f = 0.0078
headloss/docs/sci/DC/MGS
hf = 4 f l c2
2gd
= 3.68m
2(b) = Qγh
= 24.1 W
headloss/docs/sci/DC/MGS