What Are Essays?

Planning to Write
Type of Essays Discourse Markers Writing Paragraphs
Essays

Time Sequence
pre-writing Explanation Essay Introduction
Markers

Argumentation Addition and

Draft Body
Essay Contrast Markers

Contrast,
Editing Discussion Essay Deduction, Conclusion
Example, Addition,
Summation
Markers

Final Draft
Cause and Effect
Markers
 TOPIC 3 – WHAT ARE ESSAYS?

PLANNING TO WRITE ESSAYS

First, understand what the question wants. Read the questions carefully, identify the main issue
and understand any new key terms there.

Final Draft
Pre-Writing Draft Editing
(Finalise)

a) Pre-Writing
Jot down the
ideas
Think about the Gather Scribble related
topic information ideas •Bulleted
•Mind map
•Outline

b) Drafting
Para 1 •Intro
Para 2 •Point A
Para 3 •Point B
Para 4 •Point C
Para 5 •Conclusion/Summary

c) Editing
Edit the Draft by
checking

Accuracy Clarity Grammar Vocabulary Spelling Punctuation Format

d) Final Draft
Rewrite final essay neatly and check that the used format is correct

TYPE OF ESSAYS

Explanation Essay Argumentation Essay Discussion Essay

•Starts with general statement
•Followed by series of
explanations to support
statement
•Persuasive in nature and begins
with thesis statement
•Writer's opinion is argued out
and restated once again in
conclusion
•Similar to argumentation essay
but discussed both sides of the
issue and let the readers to
decide for themselves
DISCOURSE MARKERS

No. Purpose/Relationship Sentence Connectors Position within

Adding something
1
Making a contrast
2 between 2 separate
things, people, ideas
Expressing a condition
3.
Making what you say
4.
stronger
Making an unexpected
5. contrast (concession)
Saying why something is
6.
the case
Expressing a condition
7.
Clause/Sentence
Moreover, In addition, Additionally,
Furthermore, Also, Besides
However, On the other hand, In contrast, Yet
Initial position
Therefore, Consequently, In consequence,
As a result, Accordingly, Hence, Thus, For
this reason, Because of this
On the contrary, As a matter of fact, In fact,
Indeed
Although, Even though, Despite/In spite/
Regardless of the fact that Initial position
Start a
Because, Since, As, Insofar as second/subordinate
clause
If, In the event of, As/So long as,
Provided/Assuming/Given that,

Other Type of Disclose Markers

No Type Markers Sentence Connectors Meaning

Time Before, since, as, until, meanwhile, at
the moment, when, whenever, as soon
Time as, just as
Link sentences
1. Sequence Sequence First(ly), initially, second(ly), to begin
together
Markers with, then, next, earlier/later, after
this/that, following, afterwards, finally,
lastly
Addition And, in addition, further, also, both, ..not Connect two
only.. but also, furthermore, moreover, sentences which are
besides in agreement with
Addition & each other to support
2. Contrast a point
Markers Contrast However, but, albeit, Although, on the Link sentences which
other hand, in contrast, on the contrary, are not in agreement
conversely, although, though, while, with each other
whereas, in spite of, despite
Add And, in addition, additionally, moreover,
Information also, furthermore, as well as, ..not
only..but also
Contrast, Contrast But, whereas, on the contrary, on the
Connect sentences
Deduction, other hand, however, despite
which add
Example, Summarise/ To summarise, in summary, in
3. information,
Addition, Conclude conclusions
summarise or reasons
Summation Reasons/ Therefore, thus, though, because, as, if,
to support a point
Markers result/ so
cause/effect
Give For example, such as, for instance
examples
4. Cause & Cause & So, but, because, as, if, the reason, Connect sentences
Effect Markers Effect provided that, in comparison which show cause &
effect
WRITING PARAGRAPHS

INTRODUCTION BODY 1 BODY 2 BODY 3 CONCLUSIONS

Topic Topic Sentence for Topic Sentence for Topic Sentence for
the para 1 the para 2 the para 3 write summary of
sentence/thesis
the whole essay
statement of the
Support/Evidence Support/Evidence Support/Evidence
whole essay
for the para 1 for the para 2 for the para 3 be clear and
Support/Evidence Examples/ Examples/ Examples/ convincing due to
Quotations etc Quotations etc Quotations etc the last paragraph
the readers will be
Conclusion for the conclusion conclusion conclusion reading
para and brief of (optional) (optional) (optional)
what is to come in
next few para