SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

(At our Doorstep)

Eng. Maria Anne Lopez

Solid waste management:

The collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its
purpose or is no longer useful.

BAG RAID

• Get your bag and list at least 5 things inside.

• Correspondingly write down its type of packaging including the material of the bag itself and how
long will you be using it?

Waste Management Heirarchy

AVOID
REDUCE
RE-USE
RECYCLE
RECOVER
TREAT
MANAGE

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003

(ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000)
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE
NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED
AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

1987 Constitution of the Philippines

ARTICLE II: DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES PRINCIPLES

Sec 16• Protection of Environment

The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and
healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
 (ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000)

It is a declared policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive

and ecological solid waste management program which shall :

a) Ensure the protection of the public health and environment;

b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of

valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and recovery;

c) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment

and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the
best environmental practice in ecological waste management excluding
incineration;

d) Promote national research and development programs for improved solid

waste management and resource conservation techniques, more effective
institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved methods of waste
reduction, collection, separation and recovery;

e) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management;

f) Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management

with local government units while establishing a cooperative effort among
the national government, other local government units, non- government
organizations, and the private sector;

g) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators

through the application of market-based instruments;

h) Institutionalize public participation in the development and

implementation of national and local integrated, comprehensive, and
ecological waste management programs; and

i) Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and

resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of
formal and non-formal education in order to promote environmental
awareness and action among the citizenry
 j) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment
and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the
best environmental practice in ecological waste management excluding
incineration”

REPUBLIC ACT No. 8749

(Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999)
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

REPUBLIC ACT No. 8749 AND ITS IRR

(Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999)
INCINERATION - means the burning of municipal, bio-medical and hazardous
wastes which process emits toxic and poisonous fumes

Municipal waste refers to the waste materials generated from communities

within a specific locality

Bio-medical waste refers to pathological wastes, pharmaceutical wastes,

chemical wastes and sharps defined as follows:

“Pathological wastes” include all human tissue (whether infected or not) such as
limbs, organs, fetuses and body fluid; animal carcasses and tissue, together with
all related swabs and dressings;

“Pharmaceutical wastes” include pharmaceutical products; drugs and chemicals

that have been returned from wards; have been spilled or soiled; are expired or
contaminated; or are to be discarded for any reason;

“Chemical wastes” include discarded solid, liquid or gaseous chemicals from

laboratories or other sources such as diagnostic work, environmental work,
cleaning, housekeeping and disinfecting procedures;

Sharps” include needles, syringes, scalpels, blades and any other items that could
cut or puncture;
Hazardous wastes are hazardous substances that are without any safe
commercial, industrial, agricultural or economic usage and are shipped,
transported or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal into or
in transit through any part of the territory of the Philippines.

Hazardous wastes shall also refer to hazardous substances that are by-products,
side-products, process residues, spent reaction media, contaminated plant or
equipment or other substances from manufacturing operations, and as consumer
discards of manufactured products.

What Is BURNING?

Burning is to undergo rapid combustion or consume fuel in such a way as to give

off heat, gases, and, usually, light.
It creates smoke that contains “unintentional pollutants,”, dioxins and furans,
being byproducts of incomplete combustion, or burning, of materials such as
household garbage.
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the two chemicals were
likely “cancer causing substances to human”

OPEN BURNING

No person shall be allowed to burn any materials in any quantities which shall
cause the emission of toxic and poisonous fumes. Such materials include but are
not limited to plastic, polyvinyl chloride, paints, ink, wastes containing heavy
metals, organic chemicals, petroleum related compound, industrial wastes, ozone
depleting substances and other similar toxic and hazardous substances.

Further, no establishment, firm, company, government or private entity or

organizations shall be allowed to burn or cause open burning of waste materials
in their premises, area of jurisdiction, including recognized or unrecognized
dumpsites in any quality or quantity. Violators, upon determination by the
Department through the Bureau, shall be penalized in accordance with the
provisions of Part XIII of these Implementing Rules and Regulations

OPEN BURNING
Fines and Penalties

Burning of Municipal Waste

Any person who burns municipal waste in violation of Sections 1 and 3 of Rule XXV
shall be punished with two (2) years and one (1) day to four (4) years
imprisonment.

Burning of Bio-Medical Waste.

Any person who burns bio-medical waste in violation of Section 4 of Rule
XXV shall be punished with four (4) years and one (1) to six (6) years
imprisonment.
Burning of Hazardous Substances and Wastes
Any person who burns hazardous substances and wastes in violation of Section 1
of Rule XXV shall be punished with four (4) years and one (1) day to six (6) years
imprisonment.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 8749 AND ITS IRR
(Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999)

House Bill 4271 – introduced by Bagong Henerasyon Party-list Rep. Bernadette

Herrera-Dy which seeks to ban traditional, small-scale community incineration or
“siga”, amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the
Clean Air Act of 1999
The bill also aims to increase the penalty for burning of solid wastes, a fine
ranging from P300 to P1000 or alternatively imprisonment ranging from 1 day
to15 days

The bill amends Section 20 of RA 8749 which reads as follows:

“Section 20. Ban on Incineration and Siga. Incineration, hereby defined as the
burning of municipal, biomedical and hazardous waste, including “Siga”, the
traditional small -scale method of burning wastes such as twigs, leaves, stems,
which processes emit poisonous and toxic fumes is hereby prohibited. Provided,
however, that the prohibition shall not apply to crematoria.”
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003
(ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000)
SEGREGATION shall refer to sorting and segregation of different materials found
in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce
the volume of waste for collection and disposal.

SEGREGATION
- Mandatory segregation of solid wastes
- Segregation of wastes shall primarily be conducted at the source, to include
household, institutional, industrial, commercial and agricultural sources
- wastes shall be segregated into the categories provided

SEGREGATION
Categories :
1. Compostable
2. Non-recyclable
3. Recyclable
4. Special Waste
- Cement Kiln Dust Waste
- Crude Oil and Natural Gas Waste
- Mining and Mineral Processing Waste Fossil Fuel Combustion Waste

Biodegradable
vs
Compostable
PRODUCTS

Leaves Paper Soap

 Cotton rags Cotton rags Crude Oil

A “biodegradable” product has the ability to break down, safely and

relatively quickly, by biological means, into the raw materials of nature and
disappear into the environment.

A product that is “compostable” is one that can be placed into a

composition of decaying biodegradable materials, and eventually turns into
a nutrient-rich material.

A product that is “compostable” is almost synonymous with

“biodegradable”, except it is limited to solid materials and does not refer to
liquids

Several factors to consider in determining the biodegradability of a

product or material:

1. The inherent biodegradability of the material

2. How long it takes for the material to actually break down?

3. What exactly does the product or material break down into and are there
any toxic substances formed along the way or as the end result?

4. Characteristics of the environment that the substance or material is in

To be truly biodegradable, a substance or material should break down

into carbon dioxide (a nutrient for plants), water and naturally occurring
minerals that do not cause harm to the ecosystem.

COMPOST - is a mixture that consists largely of decayed organic matter and

is used for fertilizing and conditioning land

Benefits of Composting :
 1. Enriches soil, helping retain moisture and suppress plant diseases and pests.

2. Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers

3. Encourages the production of beneficial bacteria and fungi that break down
organic matter to create humus, a rich nutrient-filled material.

4. Reduces methane emissions from landfills and lowers your carbon footprint.

Basic Ingredients of Composting:

1. Browns

2. Greens

3. Water

.1. Browns - This includes materials such as dead leaves, branches, and twigs.

- are the carbon-rich materials in your compost that add aeration to the pile
and structure to your compost. They break down more slowly, so it's a good idea
to chop them up fairly small if you're able to

2. Greens - This includes materials such as grass clippings, vegetable waste,

fruit scraps, and coffee grounds

- are the Nitrogen-rich additions to the compost pile

- tend to have lots of moisture, break down quickly, and provide a quick
burst of heat to the pile

3. Water - Having the right amount of water, greens, and browns is important
for compost development

- provides moisture to help break down the organic matter

Here are some of the Browns in the compost bin:

- Shredded newspaper, office paper/school papers, non-glossy papers
- Torn up plain corrugated cardboard boxes (not with glossy coatings)
- Chopped up twigs and small branches
 - Pressed paper egg cartons, torn into small pieces
- Sawdust (only from untreated wood)
- Brown paper shopping/lunch bags, shredded/torn

Here are some of the Greens in the compost bin:

- Fruit and vegetable peels
- Coffee grounds
- Old vegetables from the crisper
- Fresh leaves
- Dead plants (as long as they aren't diseased)
- Cooked plain rice/pasta
- Stale bread
- Egg shells
Recycling” shall refer to the treating of used or waste materials through a
process of making them suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes, and
includes any process by which solid waste materials are transformed into new
products in such a manner that the original products may lose their identity,
and which may be used as raw materials for the production of other goods or
services.
RECYCLING PROGRAM
Section 26 – 30 of RA 9003 provided for the details of the recycling program.
- Inventory of Existing Markets for Recyclable Materials
- Requirement for Eco-Labeling
- Reclamation Programs and Buy-back Centers for Recyclables and Toxics
- Non-Environmentally Acceptable Products

Here are some of the recyclable materials:

- Office paper, newspaper
- Brown paper bags
- Magazines
- Plastic bottles and containers
- Aluminum cans, foil, pie tins, tin cans, steel cans
 - Flattened card/paperboard cereal boxes and snack boxes
- Paper cardboard dairy and juice containers
- Glass bottles and jars

Here are some of the non-recyclable materials:

- Wax paper, soiled paper, napkins, paper towels
- Any plastic that has no number for recycling
- All styrofoam
- Soiled aluminum cans, foil, pie tins, tin cans, steel cans
- Soiled pizza boxes and soiled cardboard
- Tempered glass

RECYCLABLE PLASTIC CODING

Use with caution

• Polyethylene terephthalate, also known as PETE or PET

• Usually clear in color
• Used in vast majority of disposable beverage and food containers and
bottles
• relatively safe, but it is important to keep it out of the heat or it could cause
carcinogens (like the flame retardant antimony trioxide) to leach into your
liquids
• the porous nature of its surface allows bacteria and flavor to accumulate, so
avoid reusing these bottles as makeshift containers

Safe
• High-density polyethylene, or HDPE
• Usually opaque in color
 • Used in most milk jugs, detergent and juice bottles, butter tubs, and
toiletries containers
• is considered safe and has low risk of leaching

Avoid
• Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC
• Used to make food wrap, bottles for cooking oil, shower curtains,
inflatable mattresses, and the common plumbing pipes
• Not considered safe for cooking or heating
• Contains softening chemicals called phthalates that interfere with
hormonal development
• Rarely accepted by recycling programs

Safe

 Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)

 Used to make grocery bags, some food wraps, squeezable bottles,
and bread bags
 Considered to be relatively safe.
 Not recyclable via curbside and other recycling programs

Safe

• Polypropylene (PP)
• Used to make yogurt cups, medicine and ketchup bottles, kitchenware
and “microwave-safe” plastic containers
• Considered a safe plastic
• Now accepted by most curbside recycling programs
 Avoid

• polystyrene, or Styrofoam
• Most disposable containers and food ware are made
• Leaches potentially toxic chemicals, especially when heated
• Difficult to recycle and only accepted by specific recycling facilities
• Worse, when not recycled, it takes hundreds and hundreds of years to
decompose
•

Use with caution

• This category essentially means "everything else" and is composed of any
new plastics, including bioplastics, and could also be comprised of
different types of plastics
• Polycarbonate falls into this category, including the highly toxic BPA
• Products produced include baby and water bottles, sports equipment,
medical and dental devices, CD's and DVD's, and some computer and
other technological parts
• Difficult to recycle
For all the environmental troubles single-use shopping bags cause, the much
greater impacts are in what they contain. Reducing the human footprint means
addressing fundamentally unsustainable habits of food consumption, such as
expecting strawberries in the depths of winter or buying of seafood that are
being fished to the brink of extinction.”