ENLIT REVIEWER SEMIS

AFTER A GREAT PAIN... A FORMAL FEELING COMES  Received excellent education with heavy focus
on grammar and literature
After great pain, a formal feeling comes -
 Called as England’s National Poet and “Bard of
The Nerves sit ceremonious, like tombs -
the Avon”
The stiff Heart questions "was it He, that bore,
 Married at 18 to Anne Hathaway
And "Yesterday, or Centuries before"?
 Moved to London in 1591 and became an actor
The Feet, mechanical, go round -  Extant works 38 plays 154 sonnets and two long
A Wooden way narrative poems
Of Ground, or Air, or Ought -  Sonnets are always dedicated to Mr. W.H. (Henry
Regardless grown, Wriothesley)
A Quartz contentment, like a stone -
Works of William Shakespeare
This is the Hour of Lead -
Comedies
Remembered, if outlived,
As Freezing persons, recollect the snow -  All’s Well that Ends Well
First - Chill - then stupor - then the letting go –  As You Like It
 Much Ado About Nothing
Background of the Author
 Midsummer Night’s Dream
Emily Dickinson  Merchant of Venice

 December 10, 1830 – May 15, 1886 Histories

 An American poet
 King Henry IV
 Born on Amherst, Massachusetts
 King Richard III
 Studied at Amherst Academy for 7 years
 King Richard II
 Briefly attended Mount Holyoke Female
 King John
Seminary
 From a prominent family, she lives her life much Tragedies
introverted
 Macbeth
 Eccentric, Reluctant to greet guest and leave her
 Othello
room
 Hamlet
Works of Emily Dickinson  Julius Caesar
 King Lear
 Hope is the thing with feathers
 Romeo & Juliet
 Because I could not stop death
 I taste liquor I never brewed Sonnets

ROMEO & JULIET  Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

 Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Background of the Author
 When to the sessions of sweet silent thought
William Shakespeare  When in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes

 April 26, 1564 – April 23, 1616 Romeo & Juliet

 English poet, playwright and actor
Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William
 Greatest writer in English Language
Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-
 World’s Pre-eminent dramatist
crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their
 known 17,000 to 34,000 Vocabulary words
feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most
 Born on Stratford-Upon-Avon, England
popular plays during his lifetime and along with Hamlet,
 3rd of the 8th children
is one of his most frequently performed plays.

Setting – Verona, Italy
CHARACTERS OF THE PLAY
Romeo Montague – Son of Montague, 16 yrs old
Juliet Capulet – Daughter of Capulet, 13 yrs old, fell in
love with Romeo, her family’s greatest enemy
Tybalt – cousin of Juliet and nephew of Lady Capulet
Mercutio - Kinsman to the prince, Romeo’s close friend
Paris - Kinsman to the prince, Capulet’s most preferred
suitor for Juliet
Montague – Romeo’s father and patriarch of the
Montague Family
Capulet – Juliet’s father, patriarch of the Capulet,
Montague’s enemy
Lady Montague – Montague’s wife
Lady Capulet – Capulet’s wife, cold and distant mother
Nurse – messenger of the couple
Friar Lawrence – Franciscan friar, friends with the two
LITERARY ADAPTATION
Literary adaptation - adapting of a literary source to
another genre or medium.
Artistic License – deviation from fact or form for artistic
purposes; include alliteration of the conventions of
grammar or language or rewording of a pre-existing text.
WEST SIDE STORY
 a musical with book by Arthur Laurents, music
by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen
Sondheim.
 inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo
and Juliet.
The musical explores the rivalry between the Jets and the
Sharks, two teenage street gangs of
different ethnic backgrounds. The members of the
Sharks, from Puerto Rico, are taunted by the Jets,
a white gang. The young protagonist, Tony, a former
member of the Jets and best friend of the gang's leader,
Riff, falls in love with Maria, the sister of Bernardo, the
leader of the Sharks.
ENLIT REVIEWER SEMIS
CHARACTERS OF THE WEST SIDE STORY
Tony - based on Shakespeare's Romeo. He is a member
of the Jets.
Maria - based on Juliet. She is the sister of Bernardo.
Bernardo - is a Puerto Rican immigrant and founder and
leader of the Sharks. He is the older brother of Maria
and Anita’s Boyfriend. Based partly on Tybalt (Juliet's
cousin) from Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet.
Riff - is the leader and co-founder of the Jets. Based on
Mercutio from Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet, and like
Mercutio in Shakespeare's play, is the first one to die
in West Side Story.
Anita - is a Puerto Rican immigrant. She is the girlfriend
of Bernardo and a close friend and confidante to his sister
Maria. Anita's character is based loosely on Juliet's Nurse
in Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet.
Chino - An angry and, at times, naïve Shark who turns
murderous and vengeful. Suitor to Maria and friend of
Bernardo's. He was inspired by Paris.
EXPOSTION
The Jets, a local white street gang headed by Riff, are out
enjoying the day. When they encounter members of the
Puerto Rican street gang the Sharks, led by Bernardo, a
fight breaks out and is quickly broken up by police
lieutenant Schrank and Officer Krupke. The Jets decide to
challenge the Sharks to a rumble, or fight, the winner of
which will gain undisputed control of the
neighbourhood. The challenge is to be issued at a dance
being held that evening in a gym.
RISING ACTION
At the affair that night, Tony and Maria see each other
across the room, and both are immediately smitten.
Bernardo sees them dancing together, and he orders
Maria to go home. Riff and Bernardo agree to hold a war
council later at Doc’s store. At their home, Anita argues
to Bernardo that Maria has the right to dance with
anyone she wants to, but Bernardo disagrees.
CLIMAX
Maria insists that Tony stop the planned duel from taking
place. He arrives just as the fight—which is to be
between Bernardo for the Sharks and Ice for the Jets—is
 ENLIT REVIEWER SEMIS

about to begin and argues for peace. The Sharks begin
taunting Tony, and Riff attacks Bernardo in Tony’s
defense. Bernardo stabs Riff to death, and Tony then
grabs Riff’s knife and kills Bernardo. When sirens are
heard in the distance, all the gang members scatter.
FALLING ACTION
Maria is awaiting Tony’s arrival at her home when the
Shark Chino arrives and tells her that Tony has killed her
brother. Anita arrives after Tony’s departure. Anita
agrees to let Tony know that Maria will be late meeting
him. When Anita arrives at the store, however, she is
assaulted by the Jets, who have gathered there to
protect Tony, and in a rage she tells Doc that Maria is
dead, killed by Chino.
RESOLUTION
FAMOUS WRITERS OF EUROPEAN LITERATURE
Homer
 legendary early Greek poet traditionally credited
with the authorship of major Greek epics like
Iliad and Odyssey.
Victor Hugo
 most important of the romantic authors in the
French language.
Giovanni Boccaccio
 was an Italian author and poet, the greatest of
Petrach’s disciples, an important Renaissance
humanist in his own right. His work is
Decameron.

Tony dies in Maria’s arms, surrounded by members of Miguel de Cervantes

both street gangs. Maria grabs Chino’s gun and tells the
gang members that they are all responsible for the
deaths of Riff, Bernardo, and Tony. The police arrive and
arrest Chino while members of the Jets and the Sharks
carry Tony’s body away.
EUROPEAN LITERATURE
 a famous Spanish author, wrote Don Quixote.
Leo Tolstoy
 who was famous for his ideas on non-violent
resistance, wrote War and Peace.

 traditional Latin was the language manifested in

literary works in most of their states especially in
Germany.
 the prestige of the Papacy began to decline
national consciousness began to increase in
different states
 Nationalism began to be manifested in National
Languages or Vernacular instead of Traditional
Latin.
 In the late 1600s and early 1700s, when the
Enlightenment was well under way in Britain and
France, Germany was highly fragmented both
historically and religiously.

European literature involved the Nobility: Kings, Queens,

Knights etc. such as:

• Beowulf from United Kingdom

• Les Chansons de Roland from France.