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Networking Model
Networking Model
Networking Model
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CONTENTS
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Learning Outcomes
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7. writing a English? 7. read a letter
letter
Cryptographic
6. translator 6. translator
language agreed on
5. secretary ACK 5. secretary
van car
Johor KL a/plane Bejing Shanghai
post office post office post office post office5
2.2 OSI Model Application
Established in 1947
Presentation
The International Standards
Organization (ISO) is a multinational Session
body dedicated to worldwide
agreement on international
Transport
standards.
An ISO standard that covers all Network
aspects of network communications is
the Open Systems Interconnection
Data link
(OSI) model.
It was first introduced in the late
Physical
1970s.
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PDU & Encapsulation
Sender (Computer 1) Receiver (Computer 2)
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The interaction between
layers in the OSI model
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2.2.1 Function
Application Data H7 www, FTP chat Application
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2.2.2 Physical layer
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2.2.3 Data link layer:
Node-to-node delivery
EXAMPLE: A node with physical address 10 sends a frame to a
node with physical address 87. The two nodes are connected
by a link. At the data link level this frame contains physical
addresses in the header. These are the only addresses needed.
The rest of the header contains other information needed at
this level. The trailer usually contains extra bits needed for
error detection
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2.2.4 Network layer
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2.2.4 Network layer:
Source-to-destination delivery
EXAMPLE: Let say we want to
send data from a node with network
address A and physical address 10,
located on one LAN, to a node with
a network address P and physical
address 95, located on another LAN.
Because the two devices are located
on different networks, we cannot use
physical addresses only; the physical
addresses only have local
jurisdiction. What we need here are
universal addresses that can pass
through the LAN boundaries. The
network (logical) addresses have this
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characteristic
2.2.5 Transport layer
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2.2.7 Presentation layer
The presentation layer is responsible
for syntax and semantics of the
information exchanged between two
systems
Translation
the running programs must be
changed to bit streams before being
transmitted.
Encryption / Decryption
to carry sensitive information, a
system must be able to ensure
privacy.
Compression
reduces the number of bits
contained in the information.
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2.2.8 Application layer
Provide network
application such as file
transfer
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2.2.9 Summary of duties
Application – to allow access to network resource
Presentation – to translate, encrypt and compress data
Session – to establish, manage and terminate session
Transport – to provide reliable process-to-process message delivery and
error recovery
Network – to move packets from source to destination, to provide
internetworking
Data Link – to organize bit into frames; to provide hop-to-hop delivery
Physical – to transmit bits over a medium; to provide mechanical and
electrical specifications
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2.3 TCP/IP Model
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2.3 TCP/IP Model (cont.)
Application
Application
Transport
Transport
Network
Internet
Data link
Network Access
Physical
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2.3.1 An exchange using the
TCP/IP model
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2.3.2 Summary of duties
Application – to allow access to network resource
Transport – to provide reliable process-to-process message delivery and
error recovery
Network – to move packets from source to destination, to provide
internetworking
Data Link – to organize bit into frames; to provide hop-to-hop delivery
Physical – to transmit bits over a medium; to provide mechanical and
electrical specifications
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2.3.3 Comparison
Application
Application
Presentation
Session Transport
Transport
Network
Network
Data link
Data link
Physical Physical
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2.3.3 Comparison
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Any
Questions?