UNIT-1 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

2-MARK QUESTIONS

1. Define Active and Passive elements with suitable examples?

Answer: Active elements: Active elements are those which are capable of supplying energy to the circuit
(or) these are termed as sources of electrical energy.

Example: Voltage source, Current source.

Passive elements: These are the elements which absorb or take the energy from the source or circuit.

Example: Resistor, Inductor and Capacitor.

2. What are Unilateral and Bilateral elements?

Answer: Unilateral elements: They are the elements whose value changes with respect to change in
current direction in a circuit.

Example: Diode, Triode, SCR (silicon controller resistor) and Zener diode.

Bilateral elements: These are the elements whose value does not change irrespective of current direction
in a circuit.

Example: Resistor, Inductor and Capacitor.

3. What are linear and Non-Linear elements?

Answer: Linear elements: When the graph of voltage and current of an element passes through origin
such that the two values increase at constant rate are termed as linear elements.

Non-linear elements: If the change in one value produces an unequal change in other value they are
termed as non-linear elements.

4. Define Ohms law?

Answer: Ohms law: At constant temperature the voltage applied across a conductor is directly
proportional to the amount of current flowing in the conductor. It is given by

V α I => V=IR.

Where R= resistance of the conductor (ohms)

5. What are the different types of sources?

Answer: The electric sources are classified into two types. They are:

a. Independent sources.

b. Dependent sources.

a. Independent sources: Independent sources are those whose value does not change with respect to any
other quantity in the circuit or outside the circuit.

Example: Voltage source, Current source.

b. Dependent source: When the value of particular source depends on voltage (or) current flowing across
any other element it is termed as dependent source. They are classified into 4 types.

i. Voltage controlled voltage source.

ii. Current controlled voltage source.

iii. Voltage controlled current source.

iv. Current controlled current source.

3-Mark Questions

1. Define Independent and Dependent sources?

Answer: Independent source: Independent sources are those whose value does not change with
respect to any other quantity in the circuit.

Example: Voltage source and Current source.

Dependent source: When the value of particular source depends on either current or voltage in the
circuit, the sources are termed as dependent sources. They are classified into 4 types.

a. Voltage controlled voltage source (VCVS): When the value of voltage source depends on voltage
across any other element in the circuit, it is termed as Voltage controlled voltage source.
Diagram:
b. Current controlled voltage source (CCVS): When the value of voltage source depends on the
current flowing in any other element, it is termed as Current controlled voltage source.

Diagram:

c. Voltage controlled current source (VCCS): When the value of current source is controlled by
voltage across any other element, it is termed as Voltage controlled current source.

Diagram:

d. Current controlled current source (CCCS): When the value of current source is controlled by
current across any other element, it is termed as Current controlled current source.

Diagram:

2. Explain difference between practical and ideal voltage sources?

Answer:

An ideal voltage is the one whose load voltage is equal to the source voltage or a source is said to be
ideal if the total voltage of the source is transferred to the load resistance.
 A practical voltage is the one whose load voltage is less than the source voltage. The drop in load
voltage is because of internal resistance of the source which is connected in series with the voltage
source.

The graphs of ideal voltage and practical voltage sources is shown below

3. Define terms Work, Energy and Power?

Answer: Work: It can be defined as the product of force and the displacement of the object in the
direction of force. If under a constant force F and the object displaced through the distance S the work
done is given by

W = F * S => W = F S cosθ , where θ is the smaller angle between F and S. SI unit: Joule.

Energy: Energy of the body is its capacity of doing work. It is a scalar quantity. There are several
energies like mechanical energy(potential and kinetic energy),heat energy, light energy, sound
energy, nuclear energy, electric energy etc., SI unit: Joule.

Power: The time rate of work done by a body is called its power.

Power = rate of doing work = work done/time taken

If under constant force F a body is displaced through distance S in time t then

P = W/t = F*S/t

But distance(S)= speed(v)* time(t)

=>P = F*v = Fvcosθ. Where ‘θ’ is the angle between F and V.

It is a scalar quantity. SI unit: Watt.

4. What are the different types of dependent sources?

Answer: There are four types of dependent sources. They are as follows

a. Voltage controlled voltage source (VCVS): When the value of voltage source depends on voltage
across any other element in the circuit, it is termed as Voltage controlled voltage source.

Diagram:
b. Current controlled voltage source (CCVS): When the value of voltage source depends on the
current flowing in any other element, it is termed as Current controlled voltage source.

Diagram:

c. Voltage controlled current source (VCCS): When the value of current source is controlled by
voltage across any other element, it is termed as Voltage controlled current source.

Diagram:

d. Current controlled current source (CCCS): When the value of current source is controlled by
current across any other element, it is termed as Current controlled current source.

Diagram: