Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Distinginguish Between Ionic and Covalent Bond
Distinginguish Between Ionic and Covalent Bond
Purpose: Use physical properties to distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds
Background: Up to this point everyone has learned that compounds are atoms held together by
chemical bonds. Ionic and covalent compounds are held together by two basic types of bonds- ionic and
covalent. Ionic bonds occur when electrons are transferred back and forth from one atom to another.
Covalent bonds occur when atoms are shared usually between to nonmetals.
Covalent and Ionic compounds give off different physical properties such as melting point,
conductivity and solubility can tell us about the type of bond occurring in the compound. Ionic
compounds are formed from ions( atoms with electrical charges). When these compounds are dissolved
in water they tend to conduct electricity. Ionic compounds in the solid phase have a large amount of
attraction, which raises their melting point. As the chemist each of you will classify the compounds given
to you as either ionic or covalent based on their physical properties.
Hypothesis: (you need to determine this) think about the properties of ionic vs covalent.
A) For the compounds above you must rewrite this chart in your lab book with the correct
formulas. For dextrose, sucrose, salicylic acid and paraffin you must look up the correct
chemical formulas.
B) I want you to determine a hypothesis based on your knowledge of ionic properties and
covalent properties.
Ms Moore Chemistry
Name:______________________ Date:__________
Period:________
Pre Lab:
A) Fill in the following chart by prediction the following. Give an educated guess using
what you know about ionic and covalent compounds. For Solubility, melting point and
B) Hypothesis:
Prediction of Results
Procedures:
Safety:
1) Some of these compounds are dangerous and poisonous. Goggles are to be worn at all
times
2) If you spill chemicals on your skin, rinse it off and call me over.
3) Fire will be part of this procedure, therefore if anyone horseplays it will be a zero.
1) Obtain a small sample of each compound ( no more than a tip on the scoop) in separate
2) Cover the iron ring stand with a single layer of aluminum foil. Using a tip gently put small
divots in the aluminum foil to place the compounds. This will serve as the place to put your
chemicals. Spread the chemicals far enough out so that they do not run into each other
once melted.
3) Place the ring on the ring stand. Adjust the geight so that once the burner is lit the flame
4) Place a few crystals of each compounds in the foil. Remember which compound is which. Do
5) Light the Bunsen burner. Make adjustments to the flame. Record order of melting in your
notebook.
6) Turn off the burner and make sure the gas is turned off
Ms Moore Chemistry
Solubility in water
1 ) obtain a well plate and place a couple of crystals of each compound into a well plate. Put 10 drops of
distilled water into each well plate and stir with a toothpick to observe solubility
Conductivity
1) Use the solutions from your solubility section. Dip the electrodes into the solution. If it lights up
then it produces an electrical current. If it does not light up, it does not produce an electrical
current.
B) Calculate the percent error for melting point given the correct melting point for the
compounds(9) % errors.
C) What were two possible sources of error. Do not put human error.
E) Results