MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

GED102/E01

Assignment 1.2

Submitted By:

GROUP 7
Romasanta, Lee Marvin J.
Ronquillo, Jeremiah Christian R.
Saulog, Kiana Venise U.
Sadullo, Jerome Michael J.
Sioson, Dorothea Joy T.

Submitted to:
Sir Francis Anthony Llacuna

Submitted on:
May 28, 2019
Exercise 1.2

Numeric Patterns

A numeric pattern involves list of numbers, which is called a sequence. This sequence has a rule to
identify the succeeding terms. One of the examples, is arithmetic sequence, the terms have a common
difference, which can be computed by subtracting the succeeding term to its preceding term. The general
formula for the arithmetic sequence is the value nth term is equal to the first term plus the quantity of n
minus one, times their common difference.

A numerical pattern is a sequence of numbers formed on the basis of a rule called a rule of pattern.
Pattern rules can be used to describe the relationship between consecutive numbers in the sequence using
one or more mathematical operations.

Knowing the rule of pattern will help you extend the pattern. Extending the pattern means using the
pattern rule to write the following numbers in the sequence.

EXAMPLE:

Geometric Patterns

Like numeric patterns, geometric patterns have also a list of numbers, which is a sequence. One of
the examples is the geometric sequence, which has a common ratio that can be get by diving the succeeding
term to its preceding term. The general formula for it is the value of n th term is equal to the first term
multiplied by the common ratio to the quantity of n minus one.

A sequence of geometries is a list of numbers multiplied (or divided) by the same amount. The
amount of multiplication of the numbers is known as the common ratio. For example, in the sequence “2,
4, 8, 16, 32...” each number is multiplied by 2. The number 2 is the common ratio for this geometric
sequence.

Geometric patterns are also one of three non-figural decoration types in art, including calligraphy
and vegetable patterns. Whether isolated or combined with non-figural ornamentation or figural
representation, geometric patterns are popularly associated with art, mostly because of their aniconic
quality. These abstract designs not only adorn the surfaces of monumental architecture, but also function
on a vast array of objects of all types as the major decorative element. Consisting of such simple forms as
the circle and the square, or generated from them, geometric patterns were combined, duplicated,
interlaced, and arranged in intricate combinations, thus becoming one of the most distinctive features of
art.

EXAMPLE:
Exercise 2.2

The 17 Equations that Changed the World

Ian Stewart

Mathematics undeniably had great impact to world, from the dawn of civilization up until now, in
the modern world. In this book, seventeen equations are exemplified that greatly change the world. It is
used by people all over the world, to improve their life and to make things efficient. The equations are the
following; Pythagoras’s Theorem, Logarithms, Calculus, Law of Gravity, Square Root of Minus One, Euler’s
Formula for Polyhedra, Normal Distribution, Wave Equation, Fourier Transform, Navier-Strokes
Equation, Maxwell’s Equation, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Relativity, Schrodinger’s Equation,
Information Theory, Chaos Theory, and Black-Scholes Equation.

One of the mathematician’c writing masters Ian Stewart wrote about 17 equations he believes the
world has changed. He discusses each equation in an engaging and practical way in his book, In Pursuit of
the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed the World, gives a number of illustrations of how these
equations affect our lives.

Pythagorean theorem helped us to create better maps and it helps us find the shortest distance.
Before there were calculators, logarithms helped us to perform tedious calculations. In modern science
and technology, calculus appears everywhere whether we are modeling the rise in stock market
downturn or exactly determining when a space rocket will arrive in Earth's orbit. The Newton’s Law of
Gravity helped us to understand the stars and planets ' movement. Indeed, understanding the divine
force, momentum, and many other laws is a key. Complex Numbers was also a great discovery and had a
lot to do with the development of quantum mechanics. Euler’s Formula for Polyhedra helps us send
rockets throughout space and understand DNA replication. Normal Distribution transformed how we
understand medical trials and how we gamble. The Wave Equation tells us what the earth is made of and
helps us find oil easier. Fourier Transform compress thousands of information into a tiny dongle. The
Navier-Stokes equation tells us all the fast things in life can go even faster. All modern wireless
communication as we now know it because Maxwell's equations are the electromagnetism's
mathematical summary. The Second Law of Thermodynamics literally drove the industrial revolution
and gives us efficient power generators. The Relativity Theorem answered previously almost all the
questions that remained unanswered. It changed the way we look time, space and gravity. Schrodinger’s
Equation changed the field of quantum physics. It made possible to work on quantum and calculate what
would happen next. Information theory means the entire internet. Chaos Theorem predicts the better
weather. And the Black Scholes model, or Black Scholes formula, is the world’s most well-known pricing
model for options. It is important because anyone can use it to assess the value of an option.

In summary, numbers have power. In this case, people depended on a theoretical equation too
seriously and overreached its assumptions. Without the equations on this list, we wouldn't have GPS,
computers, passenger jets, or countless inventions and technologies in between.
Exercise 3.2

Application of Mathematics

Music

Mathematics plays a pivotal role in musical harmony. Essentially, harmony is the combination of
musical sounds as perceived by the ear and is analyzed in terms of math-based concepts such as
frequency, pitch, and chord progression. Mathematics is also deeply interwoven with the western notion
of musical scale. Take the ‘diatonic scale,' for example. The diatonic scale is the most commonly used
scale in Western music and is most easily expressed as a series of numeric ratios.

Arts and Design and Architecture

At the most practical level, mathematical tools have always been used in an essential way in the
creation of art. Since ancient times, the lowly compass and straightedge, augmented by other simple
draftsmen's and craftsmen's tools, have been used to create beautiful designs realized in the architecture
and decoration of palaces, cathedrals, and mosques. Today's mathematical tools are more sophisticated,
with digital technology fast becoming a primary choice. In the hands of an artist, computers can produce
art, powered by unseen complex internal mathematical processes that provide their magical abilities.
Mathematical transformations provide the means by which an image or form in one surface or space is
represented in another. Art is illusion, and transformations are important in creating illusion. Isometries,
similarities, and affine transformations can transform images exactly or with purposeful distortion,
projections can represent three (and higher)-dimensional forms on two-dimensional picture surfaces,
even curved ones.
Philosophy

Mathematical knowledge and the ability to use it is the most important means of tackling
quantifiable problems, while philosophical training enhances the ability to analyze issues, question
received assumptions and clearly articulate understanding. Mathematicians reason about abstract
concepts, for example, continuous functions, algebraic systems such as ``rings,'' and topological spaces.
Most math students learn to write proofs about such things by following examples in their classes. This is
part of learning math, but it is slow, and often leads to confusions. Math majors who study logic find that
it helps them in their mathematical thinking. It is helpful in avoiding confusions and helpful in
constructing clear, convincing proofs. The study of logic is essential for work in the foundations of
mathematics, which is largely concerned with the nature of mathematical truth and with justifying proofs
about mathematical objects, such as integers, complex numbers, and infinite sets.

Political Science

The mathematics in detail as it relates to political science in detail has to do with statistics,
budgets, cost analyses, the voting behavior of voters and polling numbers that can predict elections, but,
by margins of errors and the actual votes per candidates per elections that come in from the actual
projections from the votes on Election Day when the polls close. it also has to do with votes for or against
a bill and most of all the amounts that candidates running for elections receive, which can also influence
passage or the killing g of a bill. And last, but, not least, a nation, or a state or a local town or
municipality’s economic picture and the growth or shrinking in Gross National Product also known as
GNP.
Psychology

When we read most of clinical and experimental psychology scientific works, we notice that most
of them try to find possible significant relation between two or some psychological entities. The
disadvantage of this approach is that they don't look at these entities as a system and psychologists can
even describe why some of the coefficients in their study is significant. By mathematical modeling, you
can describe and analyze system psychology. Moreover, you may identify novel treatments for
psychological disorder.