Content:

1: Acknowledgement

2: Introduction

3: History

4: Apparatus

5: Circuit Diagram

6: Working

7: Advantage of touch Switch.

8: Disadvantage of touch Switch.

9: Application of touch switch.

10: Summary.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Primarily I would thank God for being able to complete this project
with success. Then i would like to thank my physics lab teacher
Harpreet Kaur, whose valuable guidance has been the ones that
help me to patch this project and make it full proof success. Her
suggestion and her instructions has served as the major
contribution toward of the project.
Then I would like to thank my friends who have helped me with
their valuable suggestions and guidance has been helpful in
various phases of completion of the project.
Last but not the least I would like to thanks my classmates who
have helped me a lot.

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Introduction

A Touch Switch is a type of switch that only has to be touched by

an object to operate. It is used in many lamps and wall switches
that have a metal exterior as well as on public computer terminals.
A touch screen includes an array of touch switches on a display. A
touch switch is the simplest kind of tactile sensor.

History

In 1971, Touch Sensor was developed by Dr. George Sam Hurst

(Founder of Elographics) while he was an instructor at
the University of Kentucky. This sensor called the "Elograph" was
patented by The University of Kentucky Research Foundation. The
"Elograph" was not transparent like modern touch screens,
however, it was a significant milestone in touch screen technology.
The Elograph was selected by Industrial Research as one of the
100 Most Significant New Technical Products of the Year 1973.

In 1974, the first true touch screen incorporating a transparent

surface came on the scene developed by Sam Hurst and Elo
graphics. In 1977, Elo graphics developed and patented a resistive
touch screen technology, the most popular touch screen
technology in use today.

In 1977, Siemens Corporation financed an effort by El ographics to

produce the first curved glass touch sensor interface, which
became the first device to have the name "touch screen" attached
to it. On February 24, 1994, the company officially changed its
name from Elographics to “Elo Touch Systems”.

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Apparatus

555 Integrated Circuit

9V Battery

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 10K Resistor

Integrated Circuit Base

PCB Sheet
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 Wires

0.1µF Capacitor LED

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 Circuit Diagram

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Working

When touch switches/sensors are subjected

to touch, pressure or force they get activated
and acts as a closed switch. When the
pressure or contact is removed they act as
an open switch. Capacitive touch sensor
contains two parallel conductors with an
insulator between them. These conductors’
plates act as a capacitor with a capacitance
value C0. When these conductor plates come
in contact with our fingers, our finger acts as
a conductive object. Due to this, there will be
an uncertain increase in the capacitance. A
capacitance measuring circuit continuously
measures the capacitance C0 of the sensor.
When this circuit detects a change in
capacitance it generates a signal. The
resistive touch sensors calculate the
pressure applied on the surface to sense the
touch. These sensors contain two
conductive films coated with indium tin
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oxide, which is a good conductor of
electricity, separated by a very small
distance. Across the surface of the films, a
constant voltage is applied. When pressure
is applied to the top film, it touches the
bottom film. This generates a voltage drop
which is detected by a controller circuit and
signal is generated thereby detecting the
touch.

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Project Report

TITLE: TOUCH SWITCH

Submitted by:
Name: ADITYA RAJ
Branch: CSE G&G
UID:19BCG1032

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Benefits or advantages of Touch Screen
Interface
Following are the benefits or advantages
of Touch Screen Interface:

➨It saves lot of space and avoids external

devices such as keyboard or mouse.
➨It provides quick and efficient selection of
menu options.
➨The interface is very easy to maintain as no
dirt gets accumulated.
➨It is easy to change the GUI on the touch
screen interface with the help of software
upgrade.
➨It offers very high durability and reliability.

➨It is easy for inexperienced user to learn and

operate with the help of touch of

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APPLICATION OF TOUCH SWITCH

Power Radio Frequency Interference

Power Surge Interference
Voltage Fluctuation Interference
Wireless Radio Frequency Interference
Waterproofing
Sensitivity Control
Power Saving Management
Environmental Temperature Compensation
Management
A simple touch to ON and Touch to OFF Switch
circuit is designed in this project using which, we turn
ON or OFF any devices by simply to touching the
pads.

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Summary
 A Touch Switch is a type of switch that
only has to be touched by an object to
operate
 In 1971, Touch Sensor was developed by
Dr. George Sam Hurst
 Apparatus required-555 IC, 9V Battery,
Wires, Capacitors, Resistors, PCB sheet,
LED
 Sensors can be used in mobile phones,
iPods, automobile, keypads, musical
instruments, etc
References
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.youtube.com
http://www. electroschematics.com

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Drawbacks or disadvantages of Touch
Screen Interface
Following are the disadvantages of
TouchScreen Interface:
➨Accuracy and precision depend on size of
the icons. When icons are very small, it may
be difficult to activate the same with the help
of large fingers.
➨It requires proximity of the user to operate.
User must be within reach of the touch
screen display.
➨Hands and fingers often obscure the
screen information while selecting the
desired options.
➨Battery operated touch screen devices
consume more power.
➨It is difficult to operate by visually impaired
people. They can interact based on tactile or
braille input.
➨It is very sensitive interface and hence can
also be activated due to stray touches.

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