DATA COMMUNICATION AND HARDWARE LAB PRACTICE

Subject Title : Data Communication and Hardware Lab Practice.

Subject code : EC-508.

Periods / Week : 3.

Periods / Semester : 45.

TIME SCHEDULE

S.No. Major Topics No. of periods

PRACTICE
1 Cleaning 6
2 Basic Computer Hardware 12
3 Computer Peripherals 6
4 Networking 15
5 Fiber Optics 6
Total 45
List of Laboratory Exercises:

1. PC Hardware-Identification of System Layout.

A. Cleaning the computer with micro fiber cloth, brushes and blower.
B. Basic computer hardware and cables.
a. Identify basic computer hardware and cables.
b. Identify and note down mother board, components and chips.
c. Identify various internal and external slots in the mother board and clean
them.
d. Practice inserting and removing RAM with care.
e. Measure the output voltages of SMPS.
f. Disassemble the PC.
g. Assemble the PC and test.
h. Change CMOS setup.
i. Install operating system windows and Linux.
j. Verify the function of control panel settings.
k. Partition and format hard disk.
l. Install system and application software.
m. To install and run antivirus software.
n. Carry out preventive maintenance of a PC.
o. Take back up of C drive.
p. Identify laptop software.
q. Carry out PC troubleshooting.

2. Printer, Scanners, Cameras.

1. Connect, operate and maintain

a. Inkjet printer
b. Laser printer
c. Scanner
d. web cam
Experiment No.1: PC Hardware-Identification of System Layout.
A. Cleaning the computer with micro fiber cloth, brushes and blower.
B. Basic computer hardware and cables.

a. Identify basic computer hardware and cables.

The basic parts of a computer system are:

 Monitor
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Speakers
 Printer
Input Devices:
Devices that help us put data into the computer are called input devices. They help in giving
instructions to the computer.
 Keyboard: The keyboard is used for entering data into the computer system. It
can type words, numbers and symbols. More information of
computer keyboard
 Mouse: The mouse is a pointing device. You can give input to the computer
with the help of the mouse. More information of computer mouse
 Joystick: A joystick makes computer games a lot more fun. When it is moved, it passes
information to the computer.

 Microphone: A microphone is the mike that can be attached to a computer. It allows you to input
sounds like speech and songs into the computer. You can record your voice with the
help of a microphone.
 Web Camera: A web camera is used to take live photos videos. You can save them in the computer.

 Scanner: A Scanner Copies pictures and pages, and turns them into images that can be saved on a
computer.

Output Devices:

You can listen to music or any sound from a computer with the help of headphones without disturbing others.

The parts of a computer that help us to show the results of processing are called output devices.

Monitor: A monitor looks like a TV screen. It shows whatever you type on the keyboard or draw with the
mouse.

Printer: A printer prints the results of your work from the computer screen on a sheet of paper. This is called
a printout.
Speakers: The speakers are the output devices that produce different types of sounds processed by the
computer. You can listen to songs or speeches stored in the computer with the help of speakers.
Headphone: You can listen to music or any sound from a computer with the help of headphones without
disturbing others.

Processing Device:
All the inputs are stored, sorted, arranged and changed by a computer. The device that helps a
computer do so is called the processing device. The processing device in a computer is known
as Central Processing Unit (CPU).
b. Identify and note down mother board, components and chips.

The important components of a Motherboard are given below:

c.
d.
e. 1. Mouse & keyboard :
There are two types of keyboard and mouse connectors.First type is
called PS/2 and second one is called USB.

f.
g. 2. USB (Universal serial bus) :
USB is Universal serial bus. It is used for connection for PC. There are
different devices which is used to connect with USB port such as mouse,
 keyboards, scanners, cameras, and even printers.USB connector is used to
connect computer motherboard and a peripheral device. You can insert or
remove peripheral device connect by USB connector without restarting
your system.
h. 3. Parallel port :
Most of old printers are used to connect by parallel port. Parallel port
used more than one wire for sending or receiving multiple bits of data at
once, while serial port uses only one wire. Parallel ports use a 25-pin
female DB connector.
i. 4. CPU Chip :
CPU refers to a processor, the central processing unit, also called the
microprocessor performs all the task that take place inside a computer
system.It is also know as brain of computer.
j. 5. RAM slots :
RAM slots is for attaching RAM on it in general desktop we can see two
slot of RAM but in server motherboard we can see 4+ slot of RAM.RAM
comes in different size(memory).
k. 6. Floppy controller :
In old motherboard the floppy drive connects to the computer via a 34-pin
ribbon cable, one end of ribbon cable is connect to floppy drive and other
is connected to the motherboard.
l. 7. IDE controller :
IDE that is Integrated Drive Electronics,also called as ATA or
Parallel ATA (PATA).IDE controller is responsible for controlling the hard
drive. Today’s computers no longer come with a IDE controller.
m. 8. PCI slot :
PCI stands for Peripheral Component Interface, PCI slot allows you to
insert expansion cards into your computer. PCI used to connect additional
PCI device like network cards, sound cards,modems,video cards.Some of
today’s computers no longer come with a PCI expansion slot.Its connect
audio, video and graphics.
n. 9. ISA slot :
ISA stands for Industry Standard Architecture, It is the standard
architecture of the Expansion bus.Its connect modem and input devices.
o. 10. CMOS Battery :
CMOS is complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor is used to store BIOS
setting in computer motherboard. CMOS Battery also store date and time.
p. 11. AGP slot :
The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point
channel for attaching a video card to a computer system, If you have a
 modern motherboard, you will almost certainly notice a single connector
that looks like a PCI slot.A fast port for a graphics card
q. 12. CPU slot :
The processor socket (also called a CPU socket) is the connector on the
motherboard that connect a CPU.
r. 13. Power supply plug in :
The Power supply provides the necessary electrical power to make the
computer system operate. The power supply takes standard 110-V AC
power and converts into +/-12-Volt, +/-5-Volt, and 3.3-Volt DC power.
The power supply connector has 20-pins, and the connector can go in only
one direction.

s.
c. Identify various internal slots of in the mother board and clean them with brush /blower.
d. Identify various external slots of in the mother board with cables and clean them with brush
/blower.
Following are the list of external slots of mother board with cables:

1. VGA Cable
Also known as D-sub cable, analog video cable

Connect one end to: computer monitor, television (PC input port)

Connect other end to: VGA port on computer (see image below)

2. DVI Cable

Connect one end to: computer monitor

Connect other end to: DVI port on computer (see image below)

However there are 2 types of DVI, DVI-I and DVI-D.

DVI-D does not have the extra pins around the long pin, this is also a pure digital signal over
DVI-I.

3. HDMI Cable

Connect one end to: computer monitor, television

Connect other end to: HDMI port on computer (see image below)

Note: If you're hooking up a television to your computer, then we would recommend that you
use a HDMI cable as your PC cable connection since it is able to transmit both display and sound
- So you can not only use your TV screen as a monitor, but also make use of your TV speakers to
play PC audio.

4. PS/2 Cable

Connect one end to: PS/2 keyboard, PS/2 mouse

Connect other end to: PS/2 ports on computer (see image below)

 Purple PS/2 port: keyboard

 Green PS/2 port: mouse

5. Ethernet Cable
Also known as RJ-45 cable

Connect one end to: router, network switch

Connect other end to: Ethernet port on computer (see image below)

6. 3.5mm Audio Cable

Also known as phone connector (since 3.5mm jacks are often found on mobile phones too)
Connect one end to: computer speakers, 3.5mm headphones, 3.5mm microphone

Connect other end to: audio ports on computer (see image below use Green socket)

 Green audio port: computer speakers or headphones

 Pink audio port: microphone
 Blue audio port: MP3 player, CD player, DVD player, turntable, electric guitar etc (line-in
port to play and record sounds from the above devices)

7. USB Cable
For USB computer cable connections, there are two popular formats: USB 2.0 and the newer
USB 3.0

How to tell USB 2.0 and 3.0 cables apart: USB 3.0 cables have a blue tip, and sometimes you can
find a SS "Super Speed" label on it.

Since USB was intended to be the one computer cable connection to replace them all, it's no
surprise that the possible uses for a USB port are quite mind-blowing. For this computer cable
guide, we have listed its more common uses below:

Connect one end to: USB device

 Storage devices: USB flash drive, external hard drive, external optical drive
 Input devices: USB keyboard (wired and wireless), USB mouse (wired and wireless),
webcam, scanner, gamepad
 Output devices: printer, all-in-one office machine, USB speaker
 Wireless adapters: network (Wi-Fi) adapter, bluetooth adapter, 3G adapter
 Data (and charging) cable for mobile devices such as mobile phone, tablet, MP3 player

Connect other end to: USB ports on computer (see image below)

How to tell USB 2.0 and 3.0 ports apart: USB 2.0 ports have black tips while USB 3.0 ports come
with blue tips. See image below:
USB 3.0 is backwards-compatible... meaning that you can connect a USB 2.0 device to a USB 3.0
port and vice versa (but the USB 3.0 devices hooked up to a USB 2.0 port will perform at
lowered rates)

There are also USB cables which connect new external backup drives (see below), these are
described as USB-A to Micro-B

8. Computer Power Cord (Kettle Plug)

Connect one end to: AC power socket

Connect other end to: power supply unit (see image below), computer monitor

Note: Always turn off your power supply unit (with the 1-0 switch at the back) before
connecting a power cord to it.

09. Display Port

Display Port is the best to use if you require a fast, high-resolution image.
The cable has better quality over HDMI and is the best option if you have this interface.