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TOP Contemporary
TOP Contemporary
What is the difference between the person-situation interaction and characteristic adaptations?
Genotype does not rule the world. There is a push and pull between genes and environment.
Genotype-environment correlation
- Personality is supported and has a substrate of the physio system; we are affected with traits
1. Eysenck’s arousal theory
- Arousal is connected to extraversion/introversion in ARAS (cortically aroused based on levels of stimulation)
2. Cloninger’s tridimensional personality model
- Connects to neurotransmitters
- Low dopamine = novelty seeking behavior
3. Brain asymmetry and affect
- Cognitive neuroscience looks at symmetry and its indication to disposition
- Looking at which side of brain is active
- Left active: experiencing pleasant emotions; right active: unpleasant emotions
- If certain side is more active, you experience and notice such emotions more easily
4. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST)
- Individual differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment
- Not a lot of people are sold into assimilating it into a personality theory
- Motivation with regulatory aspect
- Gained from substance and eating problems
- How sensitive are you to rewards and punishments?
- RST looks at mediator between S and R (neurophysiological system)
BAS: mediates on appetitive stimuli; responsible for impulsivity
BIS: mediates on resolving goal conflict (approach or avoid); responsible for anxiety
FFFS – brain’s activation in presence of threat; mediates all aversive stimuli (conditioned or not); mediates fear
- In substance use,
BAS significantly predicted meth use
BAS not significantly correlated with Conscientiousness among meth users
Disgust and contempt are not easy emotions to identify because we don’t usually express them openly. Contempt is not generally expressed and we are sometimes not aware that we are expressing it. Different muscles are at work when expressing
different emotions.
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
- Looks at things from the design of the human nature and mind, how it functions, developed and interacts with evolved and current environment to shape behavior.
- Evolution is the origin of personality (for survival and reproduction)
Evoilutionary outcomes
Psychological mechanisms
Personality traits
Evolutionary Approach
PERSON-SITUATION DEBATE
Situational Assessment