SUBMITTED BY-

DEBANIK MAJUMDER 17BEC0026

Batch- BEC02 (ECE)

(MODERN PHYSICS)
DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT -1

QUESTION (1) : Consider a particle trapped inside a

infinite potential well. Find expectation value of position ‘x’
for following cases :

Also explain the difference.

(i) Boundary walls at x = 0, L SOLUTION : We know that,

L

Expectation value <x> = ∫ x Ψ 2dx

0

[ Ψ=
2 n πx
L sin L ]
<x> =
 L
2

2
nπx

x sin

dx

L 0 ∫
L

2
[ sin θ =
1−cos 2θ
]

2
L
1− cos
2nπx
2

<x> =

∫x
dx

2
0
1

-
1
L

2nπx
<x> =

∫xdx

∫x cos

dx

L
0

0
L

1
2 L
x

2nπx

2nπx

<x> =
-

× sin

sin

dx

2nπ

L
2nπ ∫
L

0
0

L
L

L
2nπx

2nπx
<x> =

× sin

−0

cos

L
2nπ

2nπ

2nπ

L
0

<x>

2
L

-
2
−0
L
1 2nπ +

L L
2 cos

2nπL − cos 0
L

2
2

2
L
sin
4n π
2nπL
−

< -
<x> = L 2
<x> =
<
 +
- L
L 2 2
2

1
2 L
L (cos 0
−1)

2nπ

4n
π
2

2 2
L
1
2 L
L

sin{2nπ
}
+ 4n π
2
L

(cos 2nπ −1) 1

2
L

2nπ

sin{0}
<x> =
L

-
1
[ (0 )+ (0 )]

Expectation value = <x> = L/2

The result means the average position of particle

is in the middle of the box in this case.
(ii) Boundary walls at x = +L, -L

nπx

Where Ψ =

sin
L
L

+L/2
<x> =
∫x
Ψ
2
dx
−L / 2

+L/2

2
nπx

<x> =

2
∫
x

sin

dx

L
L

−L / 2

+L / 2
2

2
nπx

<x> =

∫
x×

× sin

dx

L
−L / 2
2
+L/2

2
nπx
<x> =

∫
x
× sin

dx

−L / 2

As function is an odd function [ F (-x) = -F

(x) ] so,
+L/2

2
nπx
=0

∫
x sin
L
dx

−L / 2

<x> =
2
×0

L
Expectation value = <x> = 0

In this case particle will not at all be found between –L/2 to +L/2 because

2
<x> is an average, not a probability and reflects symmetry of Ψ about middle
of the box.

QUESTION (2) : Show that the percentage loss of the

incident photon energy in a Compton Scattering process is :
=

λ(λ + ∆λ )
hc
∆λ =
∆λ
E
K
hc

(λ +
Fractional loss in energy = ∆λ )
λ
light photon 0.0 for θ = 90°). Now,
Using this relation,
with λ = 01 also explain why it is
show that for visible
550nm, K/E< % ( not possible to see
the Compton effect using visible lig ht photons.
SOLUTION : We know that,

E° − E = K

c( p° − p’) = K

hc
=
hc
+ K ------------ ($)

λ'

λ°

λ'−λ° = ∆λ
then,

Putting this relation into ($) we get,

hc
=

hc

+K
λ° + ∆λ

λ°

hc
−

hc

=K

λ° + ∆λ

λ°

K=
hc
∆λ
λ° λ° + ∆λ

Loss in energy is what according to various laws that “Energy neither

be created nor be destroyed but can only be transferred .”

K
hc

(
∆λ
)
FRACTIONAL LOSS IN ENERGY :

=
λ
°

λ ° + ∆λ

hc

λ°

K
=
∆λ
E

λ° + ∆λ

According to the question,