ISSN 2456-0901

POWER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

CONSULTANTS NEWSLETTER
JULY-SEPTEMBER 2016 Issue No.3 Volume No.5

PAGE PAGE PAGE

Identifying 0 Wind Farm 0 1
Commissioning PRDC Installs
Electrical Layout
Errors by Analysis of 100 kW Roof Top
Design Considerations
Tripping Records Solar Power Plant for
GM Inc.

Power Research & Development Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

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Message from Managing Director...
De[r Friends,
In the month of September every ye[r, we celebr[te the
birthd[ys of two gre[t sons of Indi[ who m[de immense
contribution to the development of our country.
On 5th September, ‚Te[chers D[y‛ is celebr[ted in
memory of Bh[r[th R[tn[ Dr. S[rvep[lli R[dh[krishn[n
(1888-1765), the second President of Indi[. On 15th
September, ‚Engineers D[y‛ is celebr[ted in memory of
Bh[r[t R[thn[ Dr. Sir Moksh[gund[m Visvesv[r[y[
(1861-1762). This ye[r, I h[d the privilege of [ddressing
the power engineering fr[ternity on both the events
[lbeit [t different venues. On this solemn occ[sion, I
thought of discussing the current st[tus of engineering
educ[tion [nd engineering profession in Indi[.
Dr. S. R[dh[krishn[n h[d studied [nd excelled in Indi[n
philosophy. He w[s [ strong believer of intuition[l
knowledge or experience r[ther th[n intellectu[l
experience. He believed th[t te[chers should be the best
minds in the country. Sir M. Visvesv[r[y[ w[s [ gre[t
pr[cticing engineer. He w[s known for his punctu[lity,
perfect dressing, fitness, dedic[tion to work, perfection
[nd cour[ge, himself being [ fe[rless p[triot.
In the p[st, te[ching profession in the engineering field
w[s t[ken up with lot of devotion [nd interest. At
present, for m[ny of the lecturers in the engineering
colleges, te[ching profession is more of [ compulsion
th[n the choice. When the qu[lity [nd [c[demic
excellence of the te[chers go down, qu[lity of the
engineers coming out of the colleges [lso suffers. Of the
existing public [nd priv[te engineering institutions in
Indi[, only [ select few [re producing high qu[lity
gr[du[tes. It’s [ known f[ct th[t engineering gr[du[tes
h[ve [ str[tegic [nd long-term imp[ct on productivity
growth in industry [nd service sectors. While there is
f[irly good underst[nding of wh[t needs to be done in
order to signific[ntly improve the govern[nce in
engineering institutions, I w[nt to focus on wh[t pl[gues
the qu[lity of te[ching in these institutions tod[y. Let us
perform [ simple c[lcul[tion to know the requirement of
engineering college te[chers in Indi[. As per the AICTE
se[t m[trix of engineering colleges for 2015-16, the
estim[ted number of engineering colleges is [bout 3000,
h[ving [n [pproved int[ke of [bout 15,00,000 students
per [nnum for UG. Assuming th[t [n [ver[ge of 65% of
the students per b[tch st[y for the entire four ye[r
dur[tion of the course, over[ll student strength would be
45,00,000. As per the AICTE norms, the student to
te[cher r[tio is 15:1. This implies, we need to h[ve [bout
3,00,000 te[chers. Considering [n [ver[ge te[ching sp[n
of [bout 30 ye[rs, we need [round 10,000 qu[lified
te[chers opting for engineering te[ching profession, ye[r
on ye[r. Even though one c[n deb[te on these numbers,
2 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter
Dr. R . N[g[r[j[ , M[n[ging Director, PRDC
wh[t is import[nt to deb[te is the possibility of producing
[bout 10,000 qu[lified personnel for engineering f[culty
every ye[r who [re dedic[ted [nd h[ve both theoretic[l
[nd pr[ctic[l skill sets. Industries [nd concerned
[uthorities h[ve to re[lize th[t it is imper[tive to tr[in
these 10,000 engineering f[culty for imp[rting
knowledge [nd required skills to the 15 l[kh students.
Further, there should be [ mech[nism to improve the skill
set of the engineering f[culty in the beginning of their
profession[l c[reer in the first 10 ye[rs.
While we h[ve B.Ed progr[m for te[chers in other
stre[ms, irony is th[t one gets into engineering te[ching
profession just [fter the PG without [ny form[l
orient[tion or tr[ining. While there is [ rigorous tr[ining
progr[m for IAS officers [t the induction level, I wonder
why we c[nnot h[ve one such progr[m for the
engineering college f[culty [s well. Even in medic[l
profession, the te[ching f[culty is inv[ri[bly [ pr[cticing
doctor h[ving [dequ[te skills. Suffice to st[te th[t there is
[ huge need for f[culty development both in terms of
ped[gogic[l development [nd engineering dom[in
tr[ining. If one [ssumes th[t [bout two l[kh rupees per
he[d is required to give tr[ining for the engineering
f[culty per ye[r post their PG, the over[ll cost of tr[ining
would work out to [bout Rs. 200cr. Through this column,
I propose the following [ffirm[tive [ction pl[n to
improve the skill set of te[chers in engineering colleges
so [s to empower them to serve the society [s per the
vision of Dr. S. R[dh[krishn[n [nd to produce high qu[lity
engineers who h[ve the skill [nd dedic[tion to
engineering profession to emul[te the likes of Sir. M.
Visvesv[r[y[:
 Set up [n Engineering F[culty Tr[ining Ac[demy
(EFTA), [n independent body h[ving represent[tion
from both Government [nd Industry.
Continued on Page 11...
 Highlights What is in this issue?
PAGE
Harmonization of Grid Codes, Operating
Procedures and Standards to Facilitate/ 04 Identifying Commissioning
Errors by Analysis of Tripping
Promote Cross Border Electricity Trade in Records
the South Asia Region Nitesh Kumar D & Francis C. Joseph

Wind Farm Electrical Layout

07 Design Considerations
Kingsuk Saha, Prasad Arulraj, Ilyas
Mohammad & Jyothi Kamath
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and
Power Distribution Improvement in Laos Harmonization of Grid Codes,
11 Operating Procedures and
Standards to Facilitate/Promote
Cross Border Electricity Trade in
the South Asia Region

12 Advanced Metering Infrastructure

(AMI) and Power Distribution
Editorial Committee Improvement in Laos

Advisor: Dr. R. Nagaraja

Editor: M. M. Babu Narayanan 13 Indian Power Sector Highlights

Members: Francis C. Joseph

Poornima T. R.
14 Events and Achievements

Subramanya Kiran
Karthik Chandra 15 Training Schedule & Forthcoming
Events
Rashmi Shekhar
Somnath Guha
Srikumar M. S.
15 MiPowerTM News
Thimmappa N.
Designed by : PRDC

Printed & Published by : Dr. R. Nagaraja on behalf of Power Research & Development Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

©PRDC Pvt Ltd 2016. All rights reserved.

Discl[imer

Responsibility for the contents in Technic[l [rticles published in this Newsletter rests upon the [uthors [nd not
upon PRDC Pvt. Ltd. Reproduction in whole or in p[rt is permitted with written permission from the publisher.
2 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter
 Identifying Commissioning Errors by Analysis of
Tripping Records
Nitesh Kumar D & Francis C Joseph
1. Introduction
On [ f[teful d[y, it w[s reported th[t sever[l units of [
power pl[nt tripped on Loss of Excit[tion (LOE)
protection. The tripping incidence occurred following [n
extern[l f[ult [nd it w[s noted th[t physic[lly no LOE
occurred in [ny of the m[chines. This p[per reports
[n[lysis c[rried out using MiPowerTM*1+ softw[re, b[sed
on the [v[il[ble COMTRADE *2+ files from the rel[ys th[t
triggered for the f[ult. The [n[lysis results [re presented
for m[chine A (tripped during the disturb[nce) [nd
m[chine B (rem[ined connected to the grid).
1.1 Analysis of Pre-fault Condition
rel[y. Hence for the resist[nce to be neg[tive for
m[chine A with neutr[l side CT considered, the m[chine
should h[ve oper[ted in motoring mode. As observed
from SCADA lo[ding condition, this is not the c[se.
This indic[tes th[t there is some connection mism[tch
between the instrument tr[nsformers *CT [nd Potenti[l
Tr[nsformer (PT)+ of the two gener[tors.
Table 2: Operating Condition Prior to Disturbance in
Impedance Plane
Machine A Machine B
(R, X) in ohm (R, X) in ohm

Determin[tion of pre-f[ult condition is necess[ry to Actual Value 1.5, 0.035 1.5, 0.022
obt[in the oper[ting condition of the equipment f[ilure.
The gener[tor lo[ding condition before the tripping Using Terminal Side Phase
1.5, 0.026 -1.51, 0.022
Current
incidence is obt[ined from Supervisory Control [nd D[t[
Acquisition (SCADA) [nd is presented in T[ble 1. Using Neutral Side Phase
-1.5,-0.0256 1.5, 0.023
Current

Table 1: Operating Condition Prior to Disturbance

Tripped Machine Other Machine 1.2 Analysis of Impedance Trajectory During

( Machine A) ( Machine B)
Disturbance
Real Power (MW) 65 65 The LOE rel[y settings of the gener[tors [re provided [s
below -
Reactive Power
1.66 2.53
(MVAr) Zone 1 di[meter: 100 %
Zone 1 offset: -8.25 %
Zone 1 time del[y: 0.01 s
From T[ble 1, it c[n be observed th[t [ll the m[chines [re
fully lo[ded [t [pproxim[tely unity power f[ctor. As LOE
Protection [n[lysis is c[rried out using COMTRADE
rel[y used is [n imped[nce type rel[y with two Zone mho
Viewer [nd MiPContour tool of MiPower™ for m[chine A
ch[r[cteristics *3+, it is necess[ry to est[blish the initi[l
[nd B, to underst[nd the different beh[viour of the
lo[ding condition in terms to imped[nce pl[ne. The
rel[ys. The imped[nce tr[jectory (positive sequence) is
imped[nce is c[lcul[ted using the PQ lo[ding condition
c[lcul[ted using the gener[tor termin[l volt[ge & the
obt[ined from SCADA [nd corresponding to the RMS
neutr[l side CT [nd is overl[pped with the LOE tripping
volt[ge of 0.7646 p.u. (obt[ined from COMTRADE file). ch[r[cteristics. The results of this [n[lysis [re provided
The imped[nce v[lue is [lso computed using the volt[ge in Figure 1.
[nd current recording [v[il[ble from the COMTRADE file.
The [ctu[l [pp[rent imped[nce (derived from SCADA
d[t[) [nd the observed imped[nce using COMTRADE file
[re provided in T[ble 2.

It c[n be observed th[t the [bsolute v[lue of R [nd X

c[lcul[ted using termin[l side [nd neutr[l side Current
Tr[nsformer (CT) [re s[me [s th[t the of the expected
v[lue. However, it should be noted th[t the R [nd X
v[lues obt[ined using termin[l side CT for m[chine A [nd
m[chine B [re neg[tive with respect to e[ch other.
Simil[r n[ture is [lso observed from R [nd X computed
using neutr[l side CT. From discussion with pl[nt
personnel, it w[s understood th[t the neutr[l side CT is
configured for use in LOE protection of the numeric[l Figure 1: Impedance Trajectory for Machine A and B

4 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter

From Figure 1, it c[n be observed th[t before disturb[nce
the imped[nce me[sured is well beyond the oper[ting
region. However, for m[chine A the v[lue lies in the
fourth qu[dr[nt. When the extern[l f[ult occurs, the
M[chine B me[sures [ positive v[lue of R [nd X, which is
outside the oper[ting region LOE. However, m[chine A
me[sures [ neg[tive v[lue of R [nd X, which is inside the
oper[ting region. The imped[nce tr[jectory enters
Zone 1 [t 21:10:40.361hrs [nd exits the zone [t
21:10:40.431hrs. The tr[jectory infringes the oper[ting
Zone 1 for [bout 60ms, which is sufficient for the rel[y to
issue trip sign[l (Zone 1 del[y being 10ms).
Figure 2: Impedance Trajectory of Machine A with Current
From [n[lysis of digit[l ch[nnel [v[il[ble in the Phase Shift of 180°
COMTRADE file, it is observed th[t LOE st[rt w[s
detected [t 21:10:40.386hrs [nd LOE trip w[s detected protection for m[chine A could h[ve prob[bly occurred
[t 21:10:40.403hrs. It c[n be observed th[t the LOE st[rt bec[use of incorrect CT connection, which led to the
time [nd LOE trip time recorded in the digit[l ch[nnel is erroneous imped[nce me[surement thus f[lling within
within the dur[tion of Zone 1 entry [nd Zone 1 exit [s the oper[ting zone.
identified from the [n[lysis of imped[nce tr[jectory
described e[rlier. If the CT connection of only neutr[l side ph[se CT w[s
to be incorrect, this would h[ve led to the flow of
2. Root Cause Analysis differenti[l current into the gener[tor differenti[l
An[lysis of imped[nce tr[jectory reve[ls th[t the two protection during the norm[l oper[ting condition. In
gener[ting units h[ve seen dr[stic[lly different order to [n[lyze this, the neutr[l side [nd termin[l side
imped[nce tr[jectory. As no LOE w[s observed during current [re comp[red [nd is presented in Figure 3.
the oper[ting condition, the prob[ble c[use of tripping
c[n be the st[ble power swings th[t occur following [
f[ult cle[r[nce. However, since [ll the m[chines [re
running in p[r[llel [nd synchronized to the s[me bus, the
gener[tor must h[ve swung in [ coherent m[nner. This
indic[tes th[t [ll m[chines should h[ve seen the s[me
imped[nce tr[jectory [nd hence [ll the m[chines should
h[ve tripped. However, m[chine B did not trip during this
incidence. Hence there should h[ve been other Figure 3: Neutral and Terminal Side CT Currents
contributing f[ctors which resulted in the tripping of During Steady State
m[chine A.
From Figure 3, it c[n be observed th[t the two currents
From the [n[lysis of pre-f[ult condition, it is inferred th[t [re 180° [p[rt from e[ch other [nd hence no differenti[l
there is [ possibility of some instrument tr[nsformer current could h[ve resulted. It h[s [lre[dy been
connection mism[tch between m[chine A [nd est[blished th[t the neutr[l side ph[se current of
m[chine A is 180° out of ph[se with respect to th[t of
m[chine B. In order to check the possibility of this error m[chine B. Hence, [ situ[tion where the termin[l side
resulting into unw[nted tripping of m[chine A, the [nd neutr[l side currents of m[chine A to be 180° [p[rt
imped[nce tr[jectory is to be obt[ined for m[chine A by with respect to e[ch other, c[n occur under following two
[pplying [ ph[se shift of 180° to the me[sured neutr[l possible conditions:
side current. Figure 2 shows the imped[nce tr[jectory of
[. Termin[l side CT connection [nd neutr[l side CT
m[chine A with neutr[l side ph[se current shifted by
connection [re both reversed [nd the CT le[ds [re
180°. It [lso shows the m[chine B imped[nce tr[jectories
correctly connected to the rel[y.
without [ny correction. b. Termin[l side CT connection [nd neutr[l side CT
connection [re correct, but the CT le[ds [re
It c[n be observed th[t, the imped[nce tr[jectory interch[nged [t the rel[y.
c[lcul[ted for m[chine A with ph[se shift of 180° [pplied,
is ex[ctly s[me [s the imped[nce tr[jectory of m[chine B.
This cle[rly indic[tes th[t the oper[tion of LOE
5 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter
3. Conclusion
From the [n[lysis, it c[n be concluded th[t the incorrect
oper[tion of m[chine A w[s [s [ result of incorrect
instrument tr[nsformer connections. The neutr[l side CT
of the tripped gener[tors [re with [ ph[se shift of 180°
with respect to the [ctu[l v[lue.
In consider[tion with the observ[tions, it is
4. References
[1] User Manual, “MiPowerTM Software v9.1”, Power Research
and Development Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
[2] IEEE Standard C37.111-1999, “Common Format for
Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power
Systems”, March 1999.
[3] IEEE Standard C37.102-2006, “IEEE Guide for AC
Generator Protection”, February 2007.

recommended th[t the following points with respect to

the instrument connections [re checked for the
tripped unit.

[. CT Pol[rity for both termin[l [nd neutr[l side CT

b. Possibility of wiring mist[ke from CT second[ry to
rel[y termin[ls
c. Whether the neutr[l [nd termin[l CTs [re
interch[nged [t the rel[y termin[ls

Further, in this study c[se it w[s [lso observed th[t the

time setting of the LOE rel[y is not [s per the st[nd[rd
recommended philosophy. It w[s recommended th[t the
time del[y setting be obt[ined b[sed on system
study results.

PRDC Newsletter Special Issue on ‚Renewables’ Released

PRDC Newsletter’s speci[l issue on ‚Renew[bles‛
(Issue No. 1&2, Vol. 5, ISSN:2456-0701) w[s rele[sed by Mr.
M[dhu G. M[degowd[, Executive Trustee of Bh[r[thi
Educ[tion Trust, K[rn[t[k[ [t [ function org[nized in PRDC,
Beng[luru on 6th July, 2016. Dr. R N[g[r[j[, MD, PRDC
presided over the function. The speci[l issue h[s received
gre[t [ppreci[tion from our esteemed re[ders for its technic[l
content & present[tion.

Feedback Received
“……..the Journal get up is really good and attractive for which you should be congratulated.”

-Shri M. Siddhartha Bhatt, Director, Central Power Research Institute

“…….I am pleased to congratulate and compliment all those involved in bringing out such a well drafted,
colorfully typeset, highly quality oriented technical newsletter (Book by itself- like an international
Journal), especially one that is an unique one in the domain of electric power systems
and applications.”
-Dr. M.S. Raviprakasha, Vice Principal and Dean, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan

6 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter

 Wind Farm Electrical Layout Design Considerations
Kingsuk Saha, Prasad Arulraj, Ilyas Mohammad & Jyothi Kamath
1. Introduction
Wind energy is one of the most promising renew[ble
energy sources in the world to meet the glob[l energy
requirement [nd to [nswer the clim[te ch[nge issues.
The tot[l c[p[city of [ll wind turbines inst[lled worldwide
h[s re[ched 432.417 GW [t the end of 2015. Chin[, US
[nd Germ[ny [re in the forefront of wind gener[tion
c[p[city [ddition with Indi[ in 4th position. The wind
f[rm deployment is [ multist[ge process comprising wind
resource [ssessment, micro siting, l[nd [cquisition,
commissioning of wind turbines, design [nd construction
of tr[nsmission network interconnecting individu[l
turbines with grid subst[tion. Design [nd construction of
tr[nsmission network, interconnecting individu[l turbines
is [ ch[llenging [nd expensive process. The constr[ints
such [s right of w[y issue, terr[in sh[pe [nd l[nd
[v[il[bility [re to be [ddressed in order to design [
suit[ble tr[nsmission network l[yout for wind f[rms.
There h[ve been sever[l [ppro[ches reported in the
liter[ture. Grid method or gr[ph optimiz[tion [dopts [
very f[st [lgorithm [nd is widely used for optimizing intr[
wind f[rm tr[nsmission network *1+. But gr[ph
optimiz[tion method c[n be efficient for sm[ll [nd
medium sc[le wind f[rms. Recent rese[rches *2, 3+ h[ve
discussed [nd [n[lyzed Br[nch [nd Bound (BnB)
[lgorithm, Genetic Algorithm (GA), P[rticle Sw[rm
Optimiz[tion (PSO), Evolution[ry Algorithm (EA) [nd
Sequenti[l Line[r Progr[mming (SLP) b[sed optimiz[tion
methods. Zh[ng *4+ h[s discussed merits [nd demerits of
the Loc[l Se[rch (LS) [lgorithm for optimizing
tr[nsmission network for l[rge sc[le wind f[rm.
This [rticle expl[ins the [lgorithm of gr[ph optimiz[tion
method with [ c[se study using gr[ph optimiz[tion
method [long with results which [re presented in the
l[ter p[rt of this p[per.
2. Graph Optimization
The methodology of Gr[ph optimiz[tion method
considers the pre-selected Wind Turbine Gener[tor
(WTG) nodes which [re fin[lized b[sed on the [v[il[bility
of the wind resource in the region. From the preselected
WTG nodes, the possible routes for the tr[nsmission line
[re identified considering the f[ctors such [s,
7 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter
 Possible set of fe[sible connections between turbines
 Terr[in sh[pe
 Divisions [nd sections
 Number of WTGs per feeder
 Type of tr[nsmission line & scheme
Considering the f[ctors mentioned [bove, the
tr[nsmission line routes [re fin[lized using the shortest
p[th [lgorithm which is b[sed on KVA-km of [ circuit.
The theory behind the shortest p[th [lgorithm is the
longest feeder should connect le[st number of WTGs
where[s the shortest feeder should h[ve the most
number of WTGs.
A. Possible Set of Feasible Connections
Between Individual Turbines
B[sed on geogr[phic[l coordin[tes of turbine’s loc[tion
[nd dist[nce between turbines, connectivity schemes c[n
be developed. But there c[n be [ l[rge number of
possible schemes which m[y complic[te [nd lengthen the
optim[l structure c[lcul[tion. To [void such problems,
minimum sp[nning tree technique is used which will
elimin[te the repetitive p[ths for the power flow in the
connectivity scheme [nd thus the possible set of
connectivity schemes c[n be fin[lized.
B. Consideration of Terrain Shape
The terr[in sh[pe pl[ys [ vit[l role in tr[nsmission scheme
selection. In hilly terr[ins, the tower structures would be
used inste[d of RCC poles considering s[fety issues. In
pl[in terr[ins, RCC pole structure c[n be used for c[rrying
the tr[nsmission line. It h[s to be mentioned th[t type of
the conductor [lso h[s to be considered for selecting the
type of tr[nsmission scheme. Besides the terr[in sh[pe,
soil n[ture [nd l[nd [v[il[bility [lso h[ve to be
considered.
C. Determination of the Feeders
This f[ctor is c[se specific. It depends on following:
 Loc[tion of pooling subst[tion
 Prop[g[tion of turbines
 Investor guidelines [s to the number of sections
 Number of turbines in [ single section [nd considered in Ph[se-2 [re n[vy circle. The forest [re[ h[s
 L[nd [v[il[bility been shown in green color.

D. Consideration of WTGs per Feeder
The wind f[rm power ev[cu[tion system h[s been
designed such th[t it is technic[lly fe[sible &
economic[lly vi[ble to [chieve the following:
 The volt[ge levels [t e[ch of the intern[l network
buses sh[ll be within the permissible limits.
 Minimum power loss [t e[ch feeder.
 Current flowing in e[ch section sh[ll be within the
permissible limit.
 The ev[cu[tion system sh[ll be s[fe & reli[ble.
Wind turbine [lloc[tion per feeder depends on the
geogr[phic[l loc[tion of the wind turbines, KVA-km [nd
the proximity tow[rds the pooling subst[tion. The power
gener[ted by e[ch group would be ev[cu[ted to the
pooling subst[tion through the intern[l feeders
Considering five b[ys [t pooling subst[tion, possible
connectivity schemes h[ve been worked out. Ap[rt from
the f[ctors mentioned in the previous section, there [re
two site specific f[ctors to be considered n[mely, the
restricted forest [re[ [nd ph[se-wise turbine inst[ll[tion.
Depending on the number of turbines in e[ch feeder
suit[ble conductors h[ve been selected b[sed on their
therm[l c[p[city. In this c[se study, four combin[tions
h[ve been studied using the ‘Dog’ conductor .The therm[l
c[p[city of Dog conductor [t v[rious [mbient [nd
conductor temper[ture is presented in T[ble 1.
Table 1: Transmission Line Parameters
Sl
Description
Dog
No. ACSR
1 Voltage (in kV)
33

considering the optimum lo[ding of e[ch feeder up to the 2 Positive Sequence Resistance (ohm/km/circuit) 0.34121
pooling subst[tion. The [ppropri[te groups of wind
turbine gener[tors [re connected using different 3 Positive Sequence Reactance (ohm/km/circuit) 0.35358
combin[tion of conductors to [rrive [t the most techno-
economic[lly fe[sible ev[cu[tion system. 4 Positive Sequence Susceptance (B/2) (mho/km/circuit) 1.63e-006

Thermal Rating (MVA) at 650 C and Ambient

3. Cost Analysis 5
Temperature of 400 C at 0.55 m/sec wind speed 16

For construction [nd design projects, Life Cycle Costing Thermal Rating (MVA) at 650 C and Ambient
6
method (LCC) is being used to m[ke decision over Temperature of 450 C at 0.55 m/sec wind speed 14

number of designs or combin[tions. Net Present V[lue Thermal Rating (MVA) at 650 C and Ambient
6
(NPV) [n[lysis is [ widely [ccepted form of LCC Temperature of 400 C at 3.3m/sec wind speed 26

ev[lu[tion. In this process, [fter fin[lizing possible Thermal Rating (MVA) at 650 C and Ambient
8 24
Temperature of 450 C at 3.3m/sec wind speed
combin[tions of tr[nsmission network, NPV for [ll the
possible combin[tions c[n be c[lcul[ted by using the
formul[:

Net Present Value = Capital cost+ ((O&M per year + Cost of

energy loss per year)*Annuity factor)

4. Case Study
For [n[lysis, [ wind f[rm consisting of 33 Nos. of wind
turbine gener[tors e[ch r[ted 2.1MW h[s been
considered. Out of the 33 WTGs, 15 WTGs [re under
commissioning (Ph[se-1) which [re loc[ted in priv[te l[nd
[nd the rem[ining 18 WTGs (Ph[se-2) [re loc[ted in
restricted forest [re[ th[t would be fin[lized [fter getting
[pprov[l from the relev[nt [uthority. It is m[nd[tory to
get [pprov[l before st[rting the work in restricted forest
[re[. Figure 1 shows the loc[tion m[p of WTGs with l[nd
elev[tion [nd forest [re[. In the figure, the pooling
subst[tion is represented in red circle. The WTGs
Figure 1: WTG Map Location with Land Elevation
considered in Ph[se-1 [re brown circle [nd the WTGs

8 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter

A. Possible Combinations
Considering the gener[l f[ctors [nd the site specific
f[ctors, four possible combin[tions h[ve been worked out
b[sed on different permut[tions [nd combin[tions of
WTGs. The det[ils of type of conductors considered in
e[ch combin[tion [nd the route of the tr[nsmission
scheme in e[ch combin[tion h[ve been shown
respectively in figures 2 [nd 3 for two c[ses. Det[ils of
other c[ses studied [re given in subsequent sections. In
these figures, Dog conductor is represented in pink color.

Combination-1: Considering 5 feeders all with Dog

ACSR conductor for the total distance of 40.31ckm.

The combin[tion-1 is shown in Figure 2. In this

Figure 3: Feeder Combination-2
combin[tion, the feeder in the North (upper side of the
pooling st[tion) crosses the restricted forest [re[ [t
5. Results
one point.
All the four combin[tions [re modeled using MiPower™
power system tool [nd the lo[d flow study is c[rried out
for e[ch of the combin[tions. From the lo[d flow [n[lysis,
power loss of e[ch combin[tion h[s been obt[ined [nd
results presented in T[ble 2.

Table 2: Loss Details of Each combination

Combinations Losses (kW)
Combination-1 1382

Combination-2 1361

Combination-3 1363

Combination-4 1406

The c[pit[l cost of e[ch combin[tion is c[lcul[ted with

Figure 2: Feeder Combination-1
Combination-2: Considering 5 feeders all with Dog
ACSR conductor for the total distance of 37.08ckm.
The combin[tion-2 is shown in Figure 3. In this
combin[tion, the feeder in the North side crosses the
restricted forest [re[ [t two points.
Combination-3: Considering 5 feeders all with Dog
ACSR conductor for the total distance of 42.36ckm
reference to the st[nd[rd utility pr[ctice. The cost
considered for different scheme is shown in Figure 4.
Tot[l energy loss is c[lcul[ted [s per the method given in
Annexure by [pplying Loss Lo[d F[ctor (LLF) [s 0.153.
Since the network considered for this study comes under
sub-tr[nsmission network c[tegory, the k v[lue for Loss
Lo[d F[ctor c[lcul[tion h[s been considered [s 0.3 [s per
gener[l utility pr[ctice.

In this combin[tion [lso, the feeder in the North side

crosses the restricted forest [re[ [t two points.

Combination-4: Considering 5 feeders all with Dog

ACSR conductor for the total distance of 40.07ckm

In this combin[tion, the feeder in the North (upper side of

the pooling st[tion) crosses the restricted forest [re[ [t Figure 4: Cost Considered for the Estimation of Capital Cost
one point.

9 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter

The NPV h[s been c[lcul[ted for e[ch combin[tion [nd site. For l[rge sc[le wind f[rm h[ving more th[n 1000
presented in T[ble 3. The Figure 5 shows the turbines, other methods which [re mentioned in this
comp[r[tive b[r ch[rt of NPV of [ll combin[tions. p[per c[n be [dopted.

Table 3: Net Present Value for Different Feeder Combinations 6. References

Combination
Parameter *1+ Bertsek[s D.P., ‘Network Optimization: Continuous and
I II III IV
Total Peak Power Loss in
Discrete Models’, Athen[ Scientific, Belmont, MIT
1382.00 1382.00 1382.00 1382.00 M[ss[chusetts, 1778.
33kV OH Lines (kW)
PLF Considered in *2+ Berz[n C. et. [l., ‘Algorithms for Cable Network Design on
30% 30% 30% 30%
Percentage per Year Large-scale Wind Farms’, Technic[l Report, MIT, 2011
Loss Load Factor (LLF) 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.153 *3+ Donov[n S. et. [l., ‘Mixed Integer Programming Models for
Wind Farm Design’, MIP 2008 Workshop on Mixed Integer
Total Energy Loss (kWh) 1852266 1836524 1840204 1884434 Progr[mming, Columbi[ University, New York City, 2008.
Cost per Unit in INR 4.83 4.83 4.83 4.83 *4+ Peter Yun Zh[ng, Thesis For The Degree Of M[ster of
Loss Cost in Lakhs INR 87.46 88.65 88.88 71.02
Applied Science – ‚Topics in Wind Farm Layout Optimization:
Analytical Wake Models, Noise Propagation, and Energy
Capital Cost in Lakhs INR 603.28 532.58 562.02 562.76 Production”, Dep[rtment of Mech[nic[l [nd Industri[l
Annuity Factor Engineering, University of Toronto
( considering 12% interest
6.843 6.843 6.843 6.843
rate and life span of 25
years)
Net Present Value in Annexure
1377.58 1312.20 1358.7 1366.68
Lakhs INR
A. NPV Calculation

Net present v[lue = C[pit[l cost+ ((O&M per ye[r + Cost

of energy loss per ye[r)*Annuity f[ctor)

where,

O&M cost: Considered 2% of the c[pit[l cost

Annuity Factor: 6.843 (considering 12% interest r[te [nd life

sp[n of 25 ye[rs)

Cost of Energy Loss Per Year: As per the prev[iling t[riff for
energy in the Region under study
Figure 5: Net Present Value
Peak Power Loss : Pe[k line losses in KW obt[ined from Lo[d
6. Conclusions Flow Simul[tion results
By using the gr[ph optimiz[tion method, the gener[l Total Energy Loss (kWh)/ year: Pe[k power loss* tot[l no of
design f[ctors [s well [s site specific f[ctors h[ve been hours in Ye[r * Loss lo[d f[ctor (LLF)
[ddressed [nd four possible combin[tions h[ve been
worked out for [ sm[ll [nd medium sized wind f[rm
B. Loss Load Factor
power ev[cu[tion scheme. Among the four combin[tions,
combin[tion-2 is the le[st cost option [s comp[red to LLF= k * LF + (1-k)*LF2
others. However, it h[s to be noted th[t though the
combin[tions 1 & 4 [re costlier th[n combin[tion-2, it h[s where,
the [dv[nt[ge of crossing the restricted forest [re[ [t LF-Lo[d f[ctor
only one point. Considering the leg[l procedure involved
k- is [ const[nt typic[lly
in getting [pprov[l from the st[tutory [uthorities
for Right-Of-W[y, [n [ppropri[te combin[tion c[n be 0.3 in sub tr[nsmission network
selected by the Developers/Investors. 0.2 for medium volt[ge feeders [nd distribution subst[tions

The combin[tions h[ve been worked out [nd presented

considering 5 b[ys [t pooling-st[tion [nd Dog conductor.
Different combin[tions c[n be [rrived considering
different type of conductors [nd no of b[ys [v[il[ble [t

10 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter

 Consultancy Services Rendered
Harmonization of Grid Codes, Operating Procedures and Standards to
Facilitate/Promote Cross Border Electricity Trade in the South Asia Region
PRDC h[s been [w[rded the job of prep[ring the
fr[mework guidelines in [n effort to h[rmonize the Grid
Codes, Oper[ting Procedures [nd St[nd[rds to f[cilit[te/
promote cross border electricity tr[de in the countries of
South Asi[ region n[mely Indi[, B[ngl[desh, P[kist[n,
Nep[l, Bhut[n [nd Sri L[nk[. The consult[ncy w[s
[w[rded by Integr[ted Rese[rch [nd Action for
Development (IRADe), New Delhi.
Electric Power System is [ l[rge, complex system
involving m[ny entities executing their respective
[ctivities [nd responsibilities. With multiple st[keholders,
the system should function in proper co-ordin[tion with
e[ch other; follow the regul[tions, st[nd[rds [nd
procedures for the s[fe [nd reli[ble oper[tion of the grid.
A leg[l, regul[tory [nd institution[l fr[mework is essenti[l
to implement [nd monitor the grid. M[ny common
specific[tions [ppe[r in gridcodes of v[rious countries.
However, different sections of the Grid Codes would be
of v[rying signific[nce to the Gener[tion, Tr[nsmission
[nd Distribution Utilities. Therefore it is essenti[l th[t
while interconnecting two tr[nsmission systems, the
respective Grid Codes h[ve to be comp[red [nd
reviewed to underst[nd the underlying principles of
individu[l systems [nd then h[rmonise the relev[nt rules
to suit cross border interconnection [nd tr[ding.
Continued from Managing Director’s Message...
 Develop [ modern curriculum [nd methodology of
tr[ining the engineering f[culty.
 Identify [ couple of tr[ining institutes p[n Indi[ under
the EFTA, e[ch of them c[tering to the requirements
of core sectors n[mely, Civil, Mech[nic[l [nd
Electric[l sciences disciplines.
 Ch[rge [ nomin[l [mount of Rs.1500 per student
while [v[iling [dmission to engineering degree course
to fund the EFTA [nd its [ctivities. It is possible to
gener[te [bout Rs. 225cr. per [nnum, if 15 l[kh
students join the engineering stre[m [nnu[lly.
 EFTA tr[ining certific[te is to be m[de m[nd[tory to
opt for te[ching in engineering colleges.
 Tr[ining cost [t EFTA is to be fully funded [nd sh[ll
h[ve [ mech[nism such th[t EFTA tr[inees undert[ke
te[ching for [ minimum stipul[ted time period [fter
their tr[ining.
11
PRDC h[s prep[red the fr[mework guidelines for cross
border tr[ding for the following four c[tegories:
1. Planning Guidelines:
It provides the inform[tion [nd stipul[tes the v[rious
criteri[ to be [dopted, for pl[nning [nd development
studies.
2. Connection Guidelines:
 It specifies [ minimum of technic[l, design [nd pl[nt
oper[tion[l criteri[ to be complied with the
respective guidelines.
 It covers the gener[l protection guidelines to be
followed for the gener[tion [nd tr[nsmission
licensees.
3. Operational Guidelines: It cont[ins det[ils for high
level oper[tion[l procedures for dem[nd control,
oper[tion[l pl[nning [nd d[t[ provision.
4. Scheduling and Despatch Guidelines: It describes the
procedures to be [dopted for scheduling [nd
disp[tch of gener[tion [nd [lloc[tion of power dr[wl.
This proposed fr[mework guidelines [nd dr[ft codes
[re intended to h[rmonise/co-ordin[te the critic[l
issues concerning the cross border tr[de [mong the
p[rticip[ting South Asi[n countries.
 L[st, but not the le[st, ensure good s[l[ry p[ck[ge to
engineering college f[culty so th[t the re[l t[lent
comes to [c[demi[.
Even though these [re my person[l opinion [nd views,
competent [uthorities c[n consider constituting [
committee to look into the v[rious [spects of tr[ining the
engineering college f[culty [nd recommend [n
implement[ble mod[lity.
I [m h[ppy to sh[re with you the news th[t we h[ve
received very encour[ging review [nd feedb[ck from our
esteemed re[ders for the speci[l issue of Newsletter on
‚Renew[bles‛. I th[nk [ll the re[ders for your support [nd
[ssure you th[t with your continued support [nd
p[tron[ge, we should be [ble to serve the power
engineering community even more. Ahe[d of the Festiv[l
se[sons, I wish [ll the re[ders h[ppy [nd joyous
celebr[tions!
Dr. R. Nagaraja
Managing Director
Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter
 Consultancy Services Ongoing

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Power

Distribution Improvement in Laos

Electricite du L[os (EDL) is undert[king Power Grid
Improvement (PGI) Project through fin[ncing support from
the World B[nk. The project involves reh[bilit[ting the
electric distribution network, introducing distribution
[utom[tion, [dv[nced metering system [nd rel[ted
[ctivities in the X[yth[ny District of L[os c[pit[l
Vienti[ne. The m[in objective of the PGI Project is to
help improve efficiency [nd reli[bility of power
distribution in the selected lo[d [re[s served by EDL. The
m[in components of proposed project include:
A. Sm[rt metering, distribution improvement [nd
distribution loss reduction
B. Electric utility inform[tion system [nd
C. Institution[l c[p[city building [nd project
implement[tion support
PRDC, Beng[luru [long with other technic[l p[rtners
were [w[rded this prestigious consult[ncy for the first
component. This p[rt is expected to introduce [dv[nced
metering infr[structure (AMI) technology [nd digit[l
meters in the project [re[. In [ddition, it will help improve
reli[bility of power supply [nd reduce losses in selected
p[rts of the distribution network through strengthening
of power distribution infr[structure [nd distribution
[utom[tion. This component is expected to include
reh[bilit[ting power distribution lines, upgr[ding of
conductors, incre[sing tr[nsformer c[p[city, pl[cement of
c[p[citors for re[ctive power [nd volt[ge control,
inst[ll[tion of lo[d bre[k switches [nd reclosers, etc. The
upgr[ding of conductors involves the reh[bilit[tion of [n
estim[ted 366 km of distribution power lines, including
126 km of medium volt[ge (22kV) power lines.

PRDC Installs 100 kW Roof Top Solar Power Plant for GM Inc.

PRDC h[s commissioned [ 100 kW rooftop Sol[r PV Power pl[nt in the premises of GM Inc., in Som[n[h[lli Industri[l
Are[, M[ddur, M[ndy[ district, K[rn[t[k[ on 16th September 2016.

GM Inc., [ le[ding comp[ny in K[rn[t[k[ w[nted to le[d the w[y in embr[cing renew[ble energy by implementing [ sol[r
power pl[nt to power their m[nuf[cturing f[cility [nd [lso sell the excess power to Ch[mundeshw[ri Electricity Supply
Comp[ny (CESC), Mysore.

PRDC undertook the det[iled engineering [nd evolved [ customized solution, which focused on efficiently optimizing
[v[il[ble rooftop sp[ce [nd the existing electric[l network within the premises. Also, PRDC m[n[ged the implement[tion
of the project for the client [nd ensured its commissioning within 2 months of the ‚go [he[d‛ including obt[ining of [ll the
st[tutory cle[r[nces. The rooftop system design h[s s[ved the l[nd sp[ce [nd p[ved the w[y to use unutilized roof [nd
e[rn revenue of more th[n Rs.12 l[khs per [nnum. The client, M/s GM Inc. will be [ble to recover the investment in the
project in [bout 6 ye[rs where[s the project h[s [n economic life of 25 ye[rs.
 Indian Power Sector Highlights
15.45cr LED Bulbs Distributed
The Unnat Jyoti by Afford[ble LEDs for All (UJALA)
progr[m of Government of Indi[ h[s been widely [ccepted
[cross rur[l [nd urb[n [re[s of the country [nd so f[r over
15.45cr of LED bulbs h[ve [lre[dy been distributed under
this progr[m. Over 5.15cr Indi[n households h[ve
benefitted from this progr[m [nd h[ve m[de their homes
brighter. The scheme is presently oper[tion[l in 18 st[tes
[nd 4 Union Territories. Government of Indi[ is committed
to [chieving its t[rget of repl[cing [ll the 66cr of inefficient
bulbs in Indi[ with LEDs. This will result in reduction of
20,000 MW lo[d, energy s[vings of 100 billion kWh [nd
Green House G[s (GHG) reduction of 80 million tonnes
every ye[r.
Source: pib.nic.in
Prices of LED Bulbs Drop to Rs.38
NEW DELHI: Prices of LED bulbs being distributed by the
st[te-run Energy Efficient Services Ltd (EESL) under [
government progr[mme h[ve f[llen to one-tenth of their
r[tes two ye[rs [go. A senior government offici[l s[id EESL
h[s received bids [t Rs.38 for [ 7W LED l[mp. Fourteen
comp[nies p[rticip[ted in the tender opened l[st week for
procuring 5Cr LED bulbs. Prices of LEDs procured by EESL
under the Unn[t Jyoti by Afford[ble LEDs for All (UJALA)
scheme h[ve been consistently f[lling. The comp[ny h[d in
M[rch received bids [t Rs.55 per piece. The comp[ny h[d
purch[sed the LEDs [t Rs.310 in 2014. LED bulbs [re
[v[il[ble in the m[rket [t Rs.70~100 [piece.
Source: Economic Times, 15th September 2016
New Apps Released
Govt. of Indi[ opened [ new ch[pter to enh[nce
tr[nsp[rency in power tr[nsmission sector of the country
by l[unching the ‘TARANG’ Mobile App, ‘e-Tr[ns’ & ‘DEEP’
e-bidding web port[ls, developed by Rur[l Electrific[tion
Corpor[tion Tr[nsmission Projects Comp[ny Limited
(RECTPCL), [ subsidi[ry of REC Ltd.
‘TARANG’ (Tr[nsmission App for Re[l Time Monitoring &
Growth) Mobile App & Web Port[l h[s been developed by
RECTPCL, under the guid[nce of Ministry of Power.
Introduction of the electronic pl[tform sh[ll enh[nce e[se,
[ccount[bility & tr[nsp[rency [nd would boost confidence
of investors in power tr[nsmission sector. TARANG is [
powerful monitoring tool th[t tr[cks upcoming
tr[nsmission projects [nd monitors the progress of Inter-
St[te & Intr[-St[te tr[nsmission systems in the country,
13
being developed through Regul[ted T[riff Mech[nism [s
well [s T[riff B[sed Competitive Bidding (TBCB) route.
TARANG sh[ll [lso include st[tus of st[lled/del[yed
tr[nsmission systems in country which would en[ble the
st[keholders viz. Ministry of Power, St[te Governments, [ll
priv[te sector tr[nsmission developers [nd PSUs like
Power Grid Corpor[tion of Indi[ Ltd., for expeditious
completion of such projects. TARANG website
http://www.tarang.website/
DEEP (Discovery of Efficient Electricity Price) e-Bidding’
port[l for medium term (1-5 ye[rs) purch[se of power.
The Port[l will provide [ common e-bidding pl[tform with
e-reverse [uction f[cility to f[cilit[te n[tion-wide power
procurement through [ wider network so [s to bring
uniformity [nd tr[nsp[rency in the process of power
procurement. With the introduction of e-Bidding [nd e-
reverse [uction process for medium term (1-5 ye[rs), the
time sp[n of the complete bidding process [nd the cost of
procurement of power is expected to be reduced
subst[nti[lly, thereby signific[ntly benefiting the ultim[te
consumers.
Source: pib.nic.in
Wind Solar Hybrid Policy
The Government of Indi[ h[s formul[ted [ dr[ft N[tion[l
Wind-Sol[r Hybrid Policy with the objective to provide [
fr[mework for promotion of l[rge grid connected wind-
sol[r PV system for optim[l [nd efficient utiliz[tion of
tr[nsmission infr[structure [nd l[nd thus reducing the
v[ri[bility in renew[ble power gener[tion [nd [chieving
better grid st[bility. Further, the Policy [ims to encour[ge
new technologies, methods [nd w[y-outs involving
combined oper[tion of wind [nd sol[r PV pl[nts.
Source: pib.nic.in
MNRE Issues Guidelines for Rooftop Solar
MNRE scheme document for grid connected rooftop sol[r
projects st[tes th[t the Centr[l Fin[nci[l Assist[nce (CFA)
would be 30% of the benchm[rk cost or [ctu[l project
cost, whichever is lower, for such projects in residenti[l,
soci[l [nd institution[l sectors in Gener[l C[tegory St[tes/
UTs [nd 60% for such projects in Speci[l C[tegory St[tes/
UTs. There is [chievement linked incentive scheme for
rooftop sol[r projects in Government [nd PSU buildings.
The present benchm[rk cost [s per notific[tion
03/88/2015-16/GCRT d[ted 4th M[rch 2016 is Rs.6.5 cr
per MWp (i.e. Rs.65 per w[tt).
Source: mnre.gov.in
Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter
 Events & Achievements
In-House Badminton Tournament
The [nnu[l in-house b[dminton tourn[ment w[s held with gre[t fervour
on 16th of July. The event witnessed p[rticip[tion of more th[n 50
employees for singles [nd 12 te[ms for doubles c[tegory. Mohith R[j
emerged [s Singles ch[mpion while Kir[n.C [nd Abhijith.W settled for
2nd [nd 3rd pl[ce respectively. The doubles title w[s won by Mohith
R[j & Pr[deep KS with Gurupr[s[d.H & S[chin.B [s runner ups.

Congratulations to the winners!

Dr. Sreenivasa Rao Atmuri Visits PRDC

Dr. Sreeniv[s[ R[o Atmuri of RBJ Engineering Corpor[tion, C[n[d[ visited
PRDC, Beng[luru on 31st August 2016. Dr. Atmuri is [ world-renowned
speci[list with over 38 ye[rs of experience in system studies, design, testing
[nd commissioning of high volt[ge tr[nsmission system [nd equipment. He is
[lso involved in speci[l studies such [s HVDC studies, shunt [nd series
compens[tion of AC systems, [nd studies for ph[se shifting tr[nsformers [nd
SVC. He is the Convener of the IEC TC. 28 MT 6 to prep[re the Intern[tion[l
St[nd[rd on "Insul[tion Coordin[tion of HVDC Converter St[tions".
Dr. S R Atmuri is [ registered profession[l engineer in M[nitob[ (APEGM) [nd
[ senior member of IEEE.
Dr. Atmuri discussed potenti[l rese[rch [re[s with the PRDC engineers [nd
delivered [ t[lk on Power system studies.

Engineer’s Day Celebrations in OPTCL, Bhubaneswar

Dr. N[g[r[j[, MD, PRDC w[s Chief Guest [t the Engineer’s d[y Celebr[tions
on 15th September 2016 coinciding with the birthd[y of Bharat
Rathna Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya. The function w[s [ttended by Er.
Sit[l Jen[, Ex-Member (Tech), OERC, Sh. Bibhu Pr[s[d Moh[p[tr[, Director
(F), OPTCL Sh.R[jendr[ Kum[r Sen[p[ti, Director (HR), OPTCL [nd other
senior officers of OPTCL. Dr. N[g[r[j[ delivered [ speech on ‚Recent
[dv[ncement in Sm[rt Technology for Power Tr[nsmission‛ in which he g[ve
[n insight into the v[rious f[cets of sm[rt grid n[mely, Renew[ble Energy
M[n[gement System, Integr[ted Volt-V[r Control, energy stor[ge [nd other
[dv[nced technologies.
Best Engineer [w[rds were [lso given [w[y in the function to OPTCL officers
for their [chievements in their respective fields.

Dr. K. Balaraman Receives ‘IEEE PES Outstanding Engineer Award 2016

In recognition of his v[lu[ble services to IEEE PES B[ng[lore ch[pter,
Dr. K. B[l[r[m[n h[s been honored with the prestigious ‘IEEE PES Outst[nding
Engineer Aw[rd 2016’ by the IEEE Power & Energy Society B[ng[lore Ch[pter.,
The [w[rd w[s presented during the IEEE PES B[ng[lore Ch[pter [nnu[l workshop
on ‘Energy An[lytics for Sm[rt Cities’ held in Indi[n Institute of Science, Beng[luru
during 23-24, September 2016. Dr. K. B[l[r[m[n is currently he[ding the Power
System Group of M/s. Power Rese[rch & Development Consult[nts Pvt. Ltd.,
B[ng[lore, with the v[st experience of 26 ye[rs in the field of power system. He is
[ Senior Member of IEEE [nd currently vice ch[ir of Power & Energy Society (PES)
B[ng[lore Ch[pter.

Congratulations to Dr.13 Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter

K. Balaraman!
 Training Schedule & Forthcoming Events

Level 1 Level 2
MiPower Client Training: A comprehensive Power MiPower Client Training: A custom m[de tutori[l
System tutori[l with h[nds-on session, using on for c[ndid[tes, with focus on the power system
MiPower, b[sed on pr[ctic[l scen[rio. issues f[ced by them.

The week long course includes modules such [s This course h[s h[nds on sessions on the
Lo[d Flow, F[ult An[lysis, Tr[nsient St[bility c[ndid[te’s network.
[nd Protection.

Note: Interested p[rticip[nts [re requested to [pply for the tr[ining [s per their requirements i.e. Level 1 [nd Level 2

Short Term Training/Workshop

In [ddition to the [bove s[id progr[m PRDC is [lso conducting short term tr[ining progr[m [nd workshops
to imp[rt knowledge [nd pr[ctic[l [ppro[ch on specific topics, which [re of relev[nce to power engineers in
d[y-to-d[y works. Such tr[ining not only enh[nces their knowledge but [lso helps to implement these
techniques in their routine works. For short term [nd speci[l tr[ining progr[m, ple[se cont[ct our m[rketing
te[m [t the following em[il [ddress: marketingteam@prdcinfotech.com

MiPower™ News
Advanced Features in Protection (Version 7.1)
 Dist[nce rel[y modeling for Composite tr[nsmission lines.
 Dist[nce rel[y setting comput[tion for series compens[ted lines.
 Ability to simul[te mutu[l coupling effect in the presence of dist[nce
rel[ys.
 Ph[se loop [nd e[rth loop ch[r[cteristic modeling for dist[nce rel[ys.
 COMTRADE file [n[lysis.

New Features in Upcoming Version (Version 7.2)

 Numeric[l rel[y modeling with [ll [ssigned functions.
 Comprehensive reporting of [ll protection elements in the network.
 Improvised fe[tures of gener[tor protection including Loss of Excit[tion, Neg[tive Sequence, Forw[rd/Reverse
Power, B[ck-up Imped[nce, In[dvertent Energiz[tion, St[tor/Rotor E[rth F[ult, Inter-turn Differenti[l Protection,
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Therm[l Overlo[d, Pole Slip [nd Low & High Volt[ge REF. Power Rese[rch [nd Development Consult[nts Newsletter
RNI No. KARENG/2013/51589

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