Egyptian National Police

"THE POLICE AT THE SERVICE OF THE PEOPLE"

Submitted By:
Donnalyn Catalan
Jerrick Brylle Jimena

BS-CRIM 41B1

Submitted To:
Dr. Maxima M. Panagsagan
History and Origin

In the early Twentieth Century, holder of the post of Interior Minister

was called: "The Interior Superintendent". The title was used until 1919 when
World War I broke out and Britain declared Egypt as a protectorate. As a
consequence, some political posts and titles were changed and the
"superintendent" was among the titles included; it was changed to a Minister.
Tahseen Rushdi Bashi was the first person to hold the title of Interior Minister
in Egypt.

As time went on, many Prime Ministers assumed the post of Interior
Minister – in addition to their Premiership- being among the posts having
major control over the internal events. The post enabled its holder to control
elections, select executives and have an eye on political opponents. When
Saad Zaghloul Pasha assumed the Interior Minister post in 1934 – along with
his premiership- the Ministry was characterized with a political trend. He
tended to dismiss persons who opposed his ideas and began to employ and
promote those who struggled with him. Ever since, and for a long time, the
Ministry employees were left under the mercy of political changes and election
results. But when the famous thinker, writer and lawyer Mr. Ahmed Lutfi-
Saved was appointed as an Interior Minister, stability prevailed the Ministry.

When Egypt was proclaimed a republic in 1953, Gamal Abdel Nasser ;

member of the Revolution Council – and later on the President of the Republic
was keen on assuming the post of Interior Minister, in an attempt to proceed
in the career path he planned for himself.

Interior Minister's post – like other major posts in Egypt- was assumed
for a long time by non-Egyptian ministers with no police or security
background. Currently, it is a must that the Interior Minister be a descendant
of Egyptian parents and a graduate of Police College. Premiers are no longer
capable of assuming both posts as Interior Minister's post has become
completely separate due to the enormous and significant tasks it entails;
being directly in charge of preserving citizens' security, safety and properties.
The Interior Minister has to relinquish his title as a police general and his
name is only preceded by the title (Mr.).

Organizational Structure and Administration

The Ministry of Interior divides the functions of the police and public
security among four Deputy Ministers of Interior while the Minister of Interior
himself retained responsibility for state security (Qitaa' al-amn al-
watani), investigations and overall organization.

There are four Deputy Ministers:

 Public Security -responsible for public

safety (inc MunicipalPolice),
travel, Immigration, passports, Port security,
and criminal investigation.
  Special Police responsible for prison administration, the Central
Security Forces, civil defense, police transport, police
communications, traffic police, and Tourism and Antiquities Police.

 Personnel Affairs was responsible for police-training institutions,

personnel matters for police and civilian employees, and the
Policemen's Sports Association.

 Administrative and Financial Affairs- responsible for general

administration, budgets, supplies and legal matters.

Recruitment

The 450,000 strong General Security and Central Security

Forces (Arabic : ‫ قوات األمن العام و األمن المركزي‬Quwwāt al-Amn al- Amm wa
Quwwāt al-Amn al-Markazī, often shortened to ‫األمن‬
‫ المركزي‬Al-Amn al-Markazī) CSF organisation is an
Egyptian paramilitary force which is responsible for
assisting the Egyptian National Police (ENP) for the
security of governmental fixed sites, foreign embassies
& missions, riots & crowds control, publicly crowded
events, high risk arrests, disaster response
and SWAT operations. They are a vital arm of
Egypt's National Security apparatus.

Trainings

Almost all commissioned officers were graduates of the Police

Academy at Cairo where police had to complete four
years at the academy. The Police Academy is a modern
institution equipped with laboratory and physical-training
facilities. The police force also sent some officers abroad
for schooling.

The Police Academy offers a four-year program

which includes: security administration, criminal POLICE
investigation, military drills, civil defense, fire ACADEMY
fighting, forensic medicine, communications, cryptology, first
aid, sociology, anatomy, and foreign languages (French and English). Also
included are: political orientation, public relations, and military subjects (such
as infantry and cavalry training), marksmanship, leadership, and field
exercises. Graduates receive a bachelor of police studies degree and are
commissioned first lieutenants.

Advanced officer training was given at the Academy's Institute for

Advanced Police Studies, completion of which was required for advancement
beyond the rank of lieutenant colonel. The academy's three-month course for
enlisted personnel is conducted in a military atmosphere but emphasizes
police methods and techniques.

Some police officers, especially the special operations officers, are well
trained by the Egyptian Armed Forces in Al-Sa'ka Military School.

Training Activities

Criminal Investigation- is an
applied science that involves the study of
facts that are then used to inform criminal
trials. A complete criminal investigation can
include collection and preservation and
various method of investigation. Modern
day criminal investigations commonly
employ many modern scientific techniques
known collectively as forensic science.

Military Drills- is a formation of soldiers

whose movement is restricted by close-order
maneuvering known as drilling or marching. The
military parade is now almost entirely ceremonial,
though soldiers from time immemorial up until the
late 19th century fought in formation. Massed
parades may also hold a role for propaganda
purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent
military strength of one's nation.

Fire Fighting- is the act of attempting to prevent the spread of and

extinguish significant unwanted fires in buildings, vehicles, woodlands, etc.
A firefighter suppresses fires to protect lives, property and the environment.

Forensic Medicine- or legal medicine is the branch

of science and medicine involving the study and application of scientific and
medical knowledge to legal problems, such as inquests, and in the field
of law. As modern medicine is a legal creation,
regulated by the state and medico legal cases
involving death, rape, paternity, etc. require a
medical practitioner to produce evidence and
appear as an expert witness, these two fields
have traditionally been interdependent.
Cryptology or Cryptography- is the practice and
study of techniques for secure
communication in the presence of third parties
called adversaries.
 First Aid- is the first and immediate
assistance given to any person suffering from
either a minor or serious illness or injury, with
care provided to preserve life, prevent the
condition from worsening, or to promote
recovery.

Sociology- is the study patterns of social relationships, social

interaction and culture of everyday life using the principles of psychology,
neuroscience and network science. It is a social science that uses various
methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of
knowledge about social order, acceptance and change or social evolution.
Anatomy- is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of
organisms and their parts.

Equipments

Guns

Smith & Wesson M&P (Military

and Police) is a polymer-framed, short
recoil operated, locked breech semi-
automatic pistol introduced in the summer
of 2005 by the American company Smith &
Wesson. It uses a Browning-type locking
system. While targeted at law enforcement
agencies, the M&P is also widely available
on the commercial market.

CZ 75 is a semi-automatic pistol made by Czech

firearm manufacturer CZUB. First introduced in
1975, it is one of the original "wonder nines" and
features a staggered column magazine, all steel
construction and a hammer forged barrel.

Assault rifle is selective fire rifle that

uses an intermediate cartridge and data chable
magazine. Assault rifles were first used during
World War II.

Shot Guns is a firearm that is usually

designed to be fired from the shoulder, which
uses the energy of a fixed shell to fire a number
of small spherical pellets called shot, or a solid
projectile called a slug. Shotguns come in a wide
variety of sizes, ranging from 5.5 mm
(.22 inch) bore up to 5 cm (2.0 in) bore, and in a
range of firearm operating mechanisms, including breech loading, single-
barreled, double or combination gun, pump-action, bolt-, and lever-
action, revolver, semi-automatic, and even fully automatic variants.

Slight-lethal explosive device

Stun grenade- also known as a flash

grenade, flash bang, thunder flash or sound bomb, is a
used to temporarily disorient an enemy's senses. It is
designed to produce a blinding flash of light of around 7
million candela (cd) and an intensely loud "bang" of
greater than 170 decibels (dB). It was first used by
the British Army's SAS in the late 1970s.

Tear gas- formally known as a

lachrymator agent or lachrymator sometimes
colloquially known as mace is a chemical
weapon that causes severe eye and respiratory
pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and even blindness.
In the eye, it stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal
gland to produce tears. Common lachrymators
include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA
spray (nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN
gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide, syn-propanethial-S-
oxide (from onions), and Mace (a branded mixture), and household vinegar.

Vehicles

Sport utility vehicle (SUV) is a

category of motor vehicles that combine
elements of road-going passenger cars with
features from off-road vehicles, such as
raised ground clearance and four-wheel
drive.

Jeep- current product range consists solely of sport utility

vehicles and off road vehicles, but has also included pickup
trucks and roadsters in the past; Jeep returned to the pickup truck market in
early 2019.
Crime Prevention Programs

Government leadership at all levels is required to create and maintain

an institutional framework for effective crime prevention.

Socio-economic development and inclusion refer to the need to

integrate crime prevention into relevant social and economic policies, and to
focus on the social integration of at-risk communities, children, families, and
youth.

Cooperation and partnerships between government ministries and

authorities, civil society organizations, the business sector, and private
citizens are required given the wide-ranging nature of the causes of crime and
the skills and responsibilities required addressing them.

Sustainability and accountability can only be achieved if adequate

resources to establish and sustain programs and evaluation are made
available and clear accountability for funding, implementation, evaluation and
achievement of planned results is established.

Knowledge base strategies, policies and programs need to be based

on a broad multidisciplinary foundation of knowledge, together with evidence
regarding specific crime problems, their causes, and proven practices.

Human rights/rule of law/culture of lawfulness the rule of law and

those human rights which are recognized in international instruments to which
Member States are parties must be respected in all aspects of crime
prevention, and a culture of lawfulness actively promoted.

Interdependency refers to the need for national crime prevention

diagnoses and strategies to take into account, where appropriate, the links
between local criminal problems and international organized crime.
Perception: Public and Police

The police in Egypt lost some prestige during the 2011 Revolution.
According to one source (csmonitor.org), the Egyptian police, "once feared by
civilians, are now seen as leftover elements of Mubarak’s regime and treated
with little respect. Pulled off the streets after violently cracking down on
protests in January, they are now trying to reshape their role in the post-
Mubarak Egypt. Police brutality is credited with being one of the causes of the
revolution, and as of June 2011 several police officers are being tried for the
killing of "hundreds of demonstrators" during the revolution. According to
government statistics, 90 police stations have been burnt since the start of the
revolution. The government has taken steps to address public concerns and
police demoralization. In response to a planned July 8 rally protesting the
release on bail of police accused of murdering protesters during the
revolution, interim interior minister Mansour el-Essawy promised to purge up
to 700 corrupt senior police officers. However protesters complained that five
months after the revolution where almost 1000 people were killed, only one
officer has been convicted of wrongdoing and he has not yet been
incarcerated.
Contents

History and Origin

Organizational Structure and Administration
Ranks
Recruitment
Training
 Activities
Equipment
 Guns
 Slight lethal explosive device
 Vehicles
Crime Prevention Programs
Perception: Public and Police