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Fitness
Fitness
Physical Education (PE) is the interdisciplinary study of areas of science relating to the
transmission of physical knowledge and skills to an individual or a group, the application of
these skills, and their results.
Physical Education is an important segment of general education which aims to contrib-
ute to the total development of the learner through participation is selected activities. It pro-
vides opportunities to acquire lifelong skills that are essential to his physical, mental, social, and
emotional development.
It can also be viewed as a program of activities in a school curriculum that involves
sports, games, dance, gymnastics, and recreational activities. Great emphasis is placed on mo-
tor skills, fitness, health, recreation and safety. It is the vital and integral part of general educa-
tion designed to promote the optimum development of the individual physically, emotionally,
and mentally through total body movement in the performance of properly selected physical
activities.
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WHAT IS A PHYSICALLY EDUCATED PERSON?
An individual who has undergone physical education in the educational ladder cannot
deny the valuable contribution of this area of learning toward his total development. His/Her
exposure and experiences in regular class instruction, in intramural and extramural competi-
tions, are expected to have a tremendous effect on his/her lifestyle. A physically educated per-
son:
1. ORGANIC
This is the development of power and endurance of the heart, lungs, heat-regulating
mechanism, and digestive and eliminating organs. These various organs gain power and stami-
na from use.
2. NEUROMUSCULAR
The development of skills and coordination required in the mastery of life’s varied activ-
ities can be directly attributed to physical education; also to the development of strength in the
skeletal muscles used in such coordination. This development starts with the skills learned in
the simple play games of childhood and increases gradually with the more complex coordina-
tion of team and individual sports of later years.
3. INTERPRETIVE
This type of development strengthens the thinking, interpreting, and problem-solving
processes of the individual. It starts with the exploratory play of infancy and childhood and con-
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tinues through all physical education activities. It is developed particularly in team sports,
through learning the rules and signals and the special techniques such as skills in pitching a
curve ball; executing particular football block, or diagnosing the opponents’ offense and de-
fense quickly.
4. EMOTIONAL
The development and maturing of impulses and emotions through activities which gives
them expression under natural controls such as officials, rules, traditions, and the person’s de-
sire to stay in the game and play are inherent in team sports where fear, anger, joy, and other
powerful emotions are experienced.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
Physical Fitness is a combination of medical fitness (body soundness) and dynamic fit-
ness (capacity for action). A physically fit person is free from disease and can move and perform
efficiently.
It may be stated that fitness is equal to health, and health is equal to fitness. World
Health Organization (WHO, 1964) defined health as the state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Furthermore, the term
wellness is nowadays being utilized as the new health goal. Wellness pertains to the expanded
idea of health with vitality and meaning (ability to live fully).
Dimensions of Wellness
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6. Spiritual – is to develop guiding principles, beliefs, values, and faithful in something be-
yond self.
7. Occupational – is the application of allied heath and sciences that deals with preven-
tion, treatment, and rehabilitation of abnormalities and disabilities.
1. Physical fitness is a personal responsibility. Few individuals other than athletes and mili-
tary personnel are actually required to participate in organized fitness programs.
2. A person’s physical fitness is determined by such factors as age, heredity, and behavior.
Although many people cannot control their age or heredity, their behavior can help them
physically fit and stay that way.
3. Health habits that aid physical fitness include getting enough sleep, eating properly, re-
ceiving regular medical and dental care, and maintaining personal cleanliness.
4. A person’s level of physical fitness depends largely on how frequent and intensely he or
she exercise. Most health experts agree that people should exercise at least three times a
week to maintain desirable fitness.
1. Cardio-respiratory Endurance - This is the fitness of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels. It
refers to one’s ability to exercise the body continuously over long periods of time.
2. Muscular Strength- The ability of muscle group to contract against a resistance. A person can
do work or play that involves exerting force such as lifting or controlling one’s own body
weight.
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3. Muscular Endurance- This is the ability of muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted
for a long period of time. People with good muscular endurance are likely to have good posture
and few back problems and can resists
4. Flexibility- This is the ability to use your joints fully through a wide range of motion. People
with good flexibility have few sore or injured muscles.
5. Body Composition- It is relative percentage of the different body tissues such as muscle, fat,
bone, etc. People who are in the healthy range of body fatness are more likely to avoid illness,
and have lower death rate.
1. Agility- It is the ability to move and change directions quickly and effectively. Basketball play-
ers, boxers, and football players possess good agility.
2. Balance- it involves vision, reflexes, and the skeletal muscular system which provides the
maintenance of equilibrium.
3. Coordination- It is the ability to use the senses together with the body parts, or use two or
more body parts at the same time.
4. Power- It is the ability to release maximum force very quickly. Throwing events like shot put,
discus throw are good examples of activities which develop power.
5. Reaction Time- The time required to respond or initiate a movement as a result of a given
stimulus.
6. Speed- It is the ability to move from one’s body from one point to another in the shortest
possible time.
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BMI WEIGHT STATUS
Less than 15 Starvation
15.00-18.49 Underweight
18.5-24.99 Normal
25.00-29.99 Overweight
30.00-40.00 Obese
Greater than 40 Morbidly Obese
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