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Climate of Pakistan
Climate of Pakistan
Tropical cyclones
Monsoon winds:
Relief rainfall
Monsoon rainfall
Thunderstorms
Western Depression
Arid zone
Regions: south-eastern desert, and south-western Balochistan
Areas: Kharran Desert south-western Balochistan, south-eastern
desert.
Climate:
It is markedly dry and hot. Hot dusty winds prevail continuously from
mid –May to mid-September, rainfall takes place during winter
season in south-western Balochistan, in south eastern desert
monsoons bring little rainfall. Extreme heat, dust storms are the
main features of this arid climate.
Winters are cool-mild because of low angle of sun, summers are hot
because of high angle of sun. Summers are very hot during the day.
Life and Economic activities
The region is deficient of moisture.
the temperature is so extreme that it isn’t suitable for habitation or
cultivation.
The majority of people are nomadic, they move from one place to another
with their animals.
Because rainfall is very low that’s why unique system of karez is
established.
Through perennial canals many areas are irrigated.
People there wear thick and rough clothes in order to protect them
from extreme heat.
They move from one place to another in search of water.
Source of rainfall
• Little rainfall from Western Depression and monsoon winds.
Lowland Zone – Semi arid to arid
Region: Indus plain except the Coastal areas.
Areas: Islamabad, Sialkot, Sarghoda, Multan, Jacobabad, and
Sukkur
Climate:
It has arid and extreme climate with hot summers, cool winters and
summer monsoon rainfall.
Thunderstorms are also common in north and north-west of the
Indus plain. The upper Indus plain and Lower Indus plain there’s
less rainfall and spells of very high temperature.
Winters are cool-mild because of low angle of sun and continental
effect and summers are hot due to high angle of sun and continental
effect.
Life and Economic activities:
The plain is drained through four
tributaries of Indus River, economically; it
is the most productive region of Pakistan.
There is a well developed canal system
and many crops are grown there such as
millet, wheat, cotton and sugarcane
Population is high and there’s moderate
rainfall and tolerable temperature.
Sources of rainfall:
The rainfall takes place during monsoon season, many tourist visit Karachi
in November and February and most of the social events are held in these
months. The extent of precipitation affects the supply of drinking water in
Gwadar. The development of Gwadar port had made is a major district of
Pakistan and had contributed in the economic development of Balochistan.
Economic activities could be carried out throughout the year because of
moderate climate. Farming is possible, the sea ports are operational
throughout the year in order to carry international trade, roads and rail
transport links are never closed in the year for the businesses, air flights are
rarely cancelled, all types of industries are present there.
However, during summer months, tropical cyclones sometimes cause
coastal flooding in low-lying areas causing damage to infrastructure. Fishing
is nearly impossible when the sea is wild and fishing communities face
losses.
Sources of rainfall:
Monsoon rainfall
Western depression
Tropical cyclones
Factors affecting temperature of
Pakistan
Latitudinal effect:
The areas that lie near the equator encounter more amounts of sun rays than the areas that don’t
lie near the equator. Southern Pakistan receives more amounts of sun rays as compared to
Northern Pakistan.
Continental effect:
The areas that are away from the sea are unaffected by maritime influence, consequently; they
are more hot as compared to areas near sea. Winters are extreme and summer temperatures are
quite severe
Altitude and temperature
Cloud cover and temperature
In daytime cloud cover reduces the amount of heat by reflecting the heat back to the space but in
night time it traps the out going heat and because of this the cloudy nights are warm.
Latitude and angle of sun
The sun rays don’t fall at the same angle everywhere.
During summer, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the northern areas of
Pakistan absorb more heat because of high angle of sun, during winter the northern hemisphere
is tilted away from the sun and the northern areas experience sun for shorter duration.
River flood
Overflow of large amount of water beyond its
normal limit, especially over what is normally dry
land.
Rivers are considered by many people around
the country as the best place for economic
development. Water is tentatively an imperative
resource for human beings but its excess may
lead to disaster. Excessive water in rivers bring
flood
Reasons of floods
The current flooding in Pakistan is mainly due to climate change. It is the
unusual climate-change-led seasonal cycle of land temperature in Pakistan
that has exacerbated the monsoon rainfall and produced the hugest volume
of water in the northern mountainous region of the country ever recorded in
the history, causing floods in the Indus river basin.
The wood is in demand and because of this there’s excessive cutting of
tress which increases surface run off, the trees mangroves act as a barrier
and they can protect the settlements from floods but because of increasing
industrialization and urbanization the water pollution is increasing
threatening mangroves
The embankments around the river are not heightened, water easily
reaches the settlements.
The dams don’t have much capacity to store water and because of this extra
water is not store causing flood.
Ways to reduce the risk of floods
Natural
Unreliability of monsoon winds may lead to seasonal drought
The dry and hot winds can reduce the moisture contents of sandy
soil
Global climate is constantly changing leading to changes in
Pakistan’s climate
Human
Deforestation on foothills increase soil erosion and reduces rainfall
Mismanagement of water resources
The disputed and unfair distribution of water
Over grazing of land
Global warming
Effects of drought