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IIFT FLT 1 - Questions
IIFT FLT 1 - Questions
9. There is negative marking equivalent to 1/3rd of the mark allotted to the specific question for wrong
answer.
10. The candidates are advised to read all options thoroughly.
11. No clarification of any sort regarding the question paper is permitted.
MBA
Best Wishes! Test Prep
THE ENTIRE QUESTION PAPER IS DIVIDED INTO
THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS
The different varieties of cakes are classified into Groups. Each Group has those varieties of cakes for
which the number of alphabets (excluding spaces) in the names of the cakes is same.
1. In how many Groups can the varieties of cakes given above be classified?
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
2. The total number of cakes sold in the three weeks is same for two varieties of cake. Find the
absolute difference in the revenues generated by the sales of these two varieties of cake. (Assume
each cake weighs 1.5 kgs)
A. Rs.3330 B. Rs.3825 C. Rs.4975 D. Rs.4995
3. Find the number of varieties of cake for which the average price per kg is greater than 300 and the
total number of cakes sold in all the three weeks is greater than 20. {Average price of a particular
variety of cake is the average of the prices of one cake of that variety over the three weeks}.
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 4
4. For certain Groups, the ratio of the numbers of alphabets in the name of any variety of cake to the
number of varieties in that Group, is not an integer. Find the total number of cakes sold of the
varieties that are in these Groups, across the three weeks.
A. 95 B. 91 C. 85 D. 80
ITES/BPO 10500 14500 17500 12.5% 15% 18.5% 25% 20% 30%
Genpact 12500 16500 20500 15% 17.5% 20% 15% 10% 20%
Convergys 11500 15500 19500 12.5% 15% 16.5% 18% 18% 20%
IBM Daksh 10500 14500 17500 14% 16.5% 18.5% 30% 20% 20%
Spectramind 9500 13500 16500 10% 12.5% 15% 18% 15% 25%
9. Mark the situations described in the options below, which when plotted, closely resemble the figure.
Moscow Vienna
15 12
15 10.9 10 8.5 9 9
8.6 10
10 4 5.2
5 5
0 0
-5 -5
-4
-10 -6 -10 -7.5 -7.5
-9.3
-15 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Melbourne London
15 12 15
10 9.7 11
10 7 8 10 7.8
5 4.3 5.1 5.2
5 3 5
0 0
-5 -5 -1.7
-3.5
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
DIRECTIONS for Questions 12 to 15: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
Four cities of US have been brutally devastated by Hurricane Katrina and the relief operations are on. The
following representation shows the number of food packets distributed by four different helicopter teams in
each city in a particular day.
Miami 450
Philadelphia 600
Oklahoma 300
Wastage in defined as the number of food packets left unconsumed by the people of these cities.
The following pie-chart provides data about the percentage of food packets actually consumed out of total
number of food packets consumed by the people in the four cities.
Oklahoma
Miami
20%
25%
Philadelphia
New York 35%
20%
12. Which of the following is the approximate percentage of wastage in Philadelphia out of the combined
wastage done in all the cities, if the combined wastage of all the cities is 25% of the total packets
consumed?
A. 47.6% B. 52.3% C. 50.2% D. 55.8%
14. If the wastage in Philadelphia is equal to 2 times the number of packets consumed in Oklahoma
then the wastage in Miami is how many times that in New York?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
15. If the wastage in Philadelphia is equal to 2 times the number of packets consumed in Oklahoma
then the wastage in Oklahoma is how many times the number of packets consumed in Philadelphia?
A. 2 B. 0.5 C. 4 D. 0.25
DIRECTIONS for Questions 16 to 19: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
The graphs below shows the shares in SMS votes of five different regions of India in the Indian Idiot contest
in year 2003-2006 and the distribution of topmost voter (region that voted most on a particular day).
2005 2006
East, 5.21 East, 4.26
Central, 13.71
West, 28.14 Central, 13.9 West, 27.61
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
16. Mark the correct statement.
A. Between 2003-2006, the year in which SMS vote share value for south was maximum, also saw
it standing as the 2nd highest in terms of number of days as topmost voter.
B. At least one region had a consistent increase in SMS vote share.
C. None except North, itself, crossed the number of days as topmost voter it had in the year 2003.
D. Combined SMS share of East and South changed by a larger margin in 2004 over 2003 as
compared to 2006 over 2005.
17. Mark the correct statement.
A. The years in which South’s SMS vote share increased over the previous one were the same
years when North’s number of days as topmost voter decreased.
B. In 2005 all regions gained in terms of number of days as topmost voters than in 2003.
C. The year in which East had its best performance in terms of number of days as topmost voter
was 2003.
D. Change in number of days as topmost voter for Central Zone for the year 2006 over 2005 was
more than 15 times that of year 2004 over 2003.
18. Mark the correct statement.
A. Combined number of days as topmost voter for West and East was maximum in 2004.
B. The maximum number of days as topmost voter for Central Zone in a year was less than the
minimum one for West.
C. Percentage change in SMS vote share of South in 2006 over 2003 was more than percentage
change in SMS share of Central Zone in 2005 over 2004.
D. The year in which most regions had a increase in the SMS vote share over the previous year
was 2004.
DIRECTIONS for Questions 20 to 23: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
The following graphs show the sales of cold drinks from 1995 to 2004. Figure I shows the cumulative
number of bottles sold by the end of each year from 1995 to 2000 and Figure II shows the number of bottles
sold within each year from 2000 to 2004.
Figure I
Number of bottles (in lakhs)
80
70 75 2000
60 62 1999
50 50 1998
40 45 1997
30 35
1996
20
28 1995
10
0
Figure II
Number of bottles
15 13
13 12
(in lakhs)
11 9
9 8
7 6
5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
• There are only three flavours of cold drinks namely cola, orange and mango.
• In any of the years, the number of bottles sold of any one of the three flavours cannot be more than
the sum of those of the other two.
• The percentage share of the number of bottles sold of any single flavour among the cold drinks is
always greater than or equal to 20%.
10
8
Percentage change
6
4
2
0
-2 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999- 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
-4 2000
-6
-8 Year
-10
20. Among the cold drinks, what can be the maximum possible percentage share of the number of
bottles sold of cola flavour in any of the given years?
A. 60% B. 48% C. 50% D. 52%
21. What can be the maximum possible number of bottles of cola flavour sold in the year 1998?
A. 2 lakhs B. 7.5 lakhs C. 11.1 lakhs D. 2.16 lakhs
22. Xk represents the difference between the percentage of flavour sold in maximum quantity and the
percentage of flavour sold in minimum quantity in the year k. If Xk ≥ 20% for all k, then for how many
minimum values of k the percentage sales of cola flavour is used in the estimation of
Xk(use information from the previous question)?
A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
23. Given that Xk (as defined in the previous question) can take any value. If Xk is minimised for each
year k, then the lowest value of Xk is in the year ___. (Use information from question 146)
A. 1995 B. 2000 C. 1998 D. 2002
DIRECTIONS for Question 24 to 26: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
The doctors of a lunatic asylum use cryptic codes to distinguish the inmates with different behaviors. As
per their code language, all the inmates labeled as “CRAZY” are assigned a code number “1227103534”
and all those labeled as “MANIAC” are coded as “221023181012”.
24. There are a third kind of inmates who are labeled as “IRRATIONAL”. Which of the following is their
cryptic code?
A. 18272710291924231021 B. 18272710291824232221
C. 18272712291824231021 D. 18272710291824231021
DIRECTIONS for Questions 27 to 31: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
Five friends A, B, C, D and E like five different cricketers among Lee, Ponting, Mcgrath, Hussey and
Clarke, not necessarily in that order. No two friends like the same cricketer. Each cricketer has scored
different number of centuries ranging from 0-4. Following information is also given:
28. What is the difference between number of centuries scored by Clarke and Mcgrath?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
30. If five friends are made to sit in a row from left to right such that they are sitting in the increasing
order of centuries made by the players they like, then how many of the following cannot be a
possible arrangement?
I. BCDEA
II. ACEDB
III. CBDEA
IV. BCDAE
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
32. How many ways can they deliver their reports in the conference?
A. 36 B. 72 C. 144 D. 160
33. Among the following, which will not be an appropriate order of delivering reports?
A. Shekhar, Amar, Sen, Hargovind, Ravinder, Deep, Raman, Nath
B. Shekhar, Amar, Sen, Hargovind, Deep, Ravinder, Raman, Nath
C. Shekhar, Amar, Hargovind, Deep, Ravinder, Sen, Raman, Nath
D. Shekhar, Amar, Hargovind, Deep, Sen, Ravinder, Raman, Nath
34. If Sen speaks at the fifth position and Ravinder speaks at last position. Then among the following,
which will be an appropriate order of delivering reports?
A. Shekhar, Amar, Hargovind, Deep, Sen, Raman, Nath, Ravinder
B. Shekhar, Amar, Deep, Raman, Sen, Hargovind, Nath, Ravinder
C. Shekhar, Amar, Deep, Raman, Sen, Nath, Hargovind, Ravinder
D. Shekhar, Amar, Sen, Raman, Deep, Hargovind, Nath, Ravinder
36. Which of the following state with their river and dance is NOT correct?
41. Consider the following statements regarding the International date line and select the correct ones.
1. It is along the longitude of 180°.
2. It is the greenwhich Meridian, helping in fixing date and time.
3. It solves the problem of time and date amongst the world’s nations.
4. It is determined by 180° longitude, but not a straight line.
A. 1 and 2 B. 3 and 4
C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4
Book Author
a The White Tiger i Steve Toltz
b Sea of Poppies ii Sebastian Barry
c The Secret Scripture iii Arvind Adiga
d A fraction of the whole iv Amitav Ghose
e The Enchantress of Florence v Salman Rushdie
A. a–iii, b–ii, c–i, d–iv, e–v B. a–iii, b–iv, c–ii, d–i, e–v
C. a–iii, b–i, c–ii, d–iv, e–v D. a–iv, b–iii, c–ii, d–i, e–v
49. Following is the list of countries with their independence year and month. Which of the following is
the INCORRECT match?
50. According to UNICEF's "State of the world's Children 2009" report, select the correct sequence of
states' Maternal Mortality Ratio in the descending order:
A. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand
B. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand
C. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand
D. Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Bihar
51. Who of the following is the current Chief Executive Officer of Bombay Stock Exchange?
A. Jagdish Capoor B. L.P.Aggarwal
C. Madhu Kannan D. Anjan Choudhury
Quotes
A Leo Buscaglia The greatest risk is to risk nothing at all
The beginning is the most important part of
B Plato the work
Everything should be made as simple as
C Albert Einstein possible, but not simpler
D Winston Churchill Not all those who wander are lost
53. The world's biggest photovoltaic solar cell-based plant is located in which of the following countries?
A. USA B. Spain
C. Germany D. UK
54. What was the foreign reserves on January 2, 2009 as per RBI's latest data?
A. 255.24 Billion dollars B. 1115.30 Billion dollars
C. 644.35 Billion dollars D. 310.75 Billion dollars
55. In an isosceles trapezium, the distance between the parallel sides is 2 units and the shorter of the
parallel sides has a length of 5 units. If the length of the equal sides of the trapezium is an integer,
then which of the following cannot be the area of the trapezium (in square units)?
A. 10 + 8 30 B. 10 + 4 35 C. 10 + 4 25 D. 10 + 4 15
56. If the equation x 2 + a x + b = 0 has two real roots (α , β ) and the equation x 2 + b x + a = 0 has two
real roots (α , γ ) , then which of the following is correct? [Given that a ≠ b ]
A. α + β + γ = (a + b + 1) B. α = 1 and γ – β = b – a
C. α = 1 and γ – β = a – b D. α + β + γ = −(a + b + 1)
57. It is given that loga, logb and logc are three consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression.
If c + 10a – 7b = 0, then which of the following is definitely incorrect?
a 1
A. = B. b + c = 30a C. b × c = 8a2 D. c – b = 23a
b 2
58. A ferry taking people from Mumbai to Alibagh starts at 7am from Mumbai and reaches Alibagh 11
am. There is another ferry which takes another set of people from Alibagh back to Mumbai and it
starts at 9 am from Alibagh, and reaches Mumbai at 1 pm. If the two ferries move at their respective
constant speeds, then which of the following is true?
A. The two ferries meet when one of them has covered three-fourth of the distance between Mumbai
and Alibagh.
B. The two ferries meet when one of them has covered one-third of the distance between Mumbai
and Alibagh.
C. The time when both the ferries meet is 9 am on the same day.
D. The two ferries meet when one of them has covered half the distance between Mumbai to
Alibagh.
59. A shopkeeper gives a discount of 12%, whenever a customer makes cash payment. Let ‘z’ denote
the percentage, above the cost price, that the shopkeeper must mark up the price of the article
[‘z’ is an integer] in order to make a profit of k %( k<100). Which of the following is the possible
value(s) of k?
A. 54 B. 76 C. 96 D. 32
60. If sin α and cos α are the roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0, then what is the value of the
expression (3 – 3a2 + 3a4 + 8b3 – a6 )?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
A. [ − 3, 3] B. [ − 3, 2] C. [ − 2, 3] D. None of these
1
63. Which of the following is obtained after the rationalization of the expression ?
2+ 3+ 5
2 2 + 3 3 − 30
A. B. 2 3 − 3 2 + 30
12 12
2 2 − 3 3 + 30
C. 2 3 + 3 2 − 30 D.
12 12
64. If the sum of the roots of quadratic equation x2 + ax + b = 0 is one less than twice their difference,
then which of the following is correct?
A. 9a4 – 64 (4a – b) b – 10a2 + 1 = 0 B. 9a4 – 64 (4b – a) b – 10a2 + 1 = 0
4 2
C. 9a – 64 (4a – b) b – 10b + 1 = 0 D. 9a4 – 64 (4b – a) b – 10b2 + 1 = 0
65. I have three pieces of strings having lengths 10 m, 20 m and 30 m. Keeping their ends joined, I bent
each of them in different geometrical shapes. I bent the largest one in a circle, the shortest one in an
equilateral triangle and the third one in a square. If the areas of the equilateral triangle, the square
and the circle thus formed be denoted by T, S and C, then which of the following equals T : S : C?
A. 3π : 9π : 81 B. 3π : 9 : 81π C. 3 : 9π : 81π D. None of these
66. Find the solution set of the shaded region in the diagram below
A (2, 3)
B (5, 1)
x
O
(0, 0)
A. 2x + 3y – 13 ≤ 0, 5y – x ¡ 0
Ý, 2y – 3x ≤ 0 B. 3x + 2y – 13 ≤ 0, 2y – 3x ≤ 0, 5y – x ≤ 0
C. 5x – y ≥ 0, 2y – 3x ≥ 0, 2x + 3y – 13 ≤ 0 D. 3x – 2y ≤ 0, 2x + 3y – 13 ≥ 0, 5y – x ≤ 0
68. If Sn = 12 − 22 + 32 − 42 + ... + (2n− 1)2 − (2n)2 + (2n+ 1)2 , then which of the following is correct ?
A. S10 = 321 B. S100 = 21301 C. S25 = 1336 D. S50 = 5151
69. Let =, > are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + ax + b = 0 and γ, δ are the roots of the
quadratic equation x2 + bx + a = 0. If (α – β – γ + δ )(α – β + γ – δ ) = 0 and a ≠ b, then which of the
following values of a and b are possible?
A. a = – 3 and b = – 6 B. a = 0 and b = – 5
C. a = 4 and b = 0 D. a = – 7 and b = 3
70. The maximum value of g (x) = (8+x)3 (8–x)4 for any real value of ‘x’ occurs at:
–6 7 8 –8
A. x = B. x = C. x = D. x =
7 8 7 7
A. 4 B. 4.5 C. 5 D. 6
2 2 2
x y 1
72. If − = and x, y are real numbers, then find the sum of the maximum and
3 2 6
minimum possible real values of ‘a’ satisfying the equation given below.
2 −a −3 2 −a −3
(2x + 3 y )a + (2x − 3 y )a = 4x
17 + 1 17 − 3 17 − 1
A. B. C. D. 1
2 2 2
DIRECTIONS for Questions 73 and 74: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
In a dance academy , there are 60 students learning the bharatnatyam dance, 50 students learning the
classical dance and 65 students learning the disco dance. 18 students are learning both the bharatnatyam
and the classical dance. 20 students are learning both the disco and the bharatnatyam dance. 27 students
are learning both the disco and the classical dance. All the students are learning at least one of the three
dances.
73. Maximum number of students that could be learning all the three dances is
A. 15 B. 18 C. 20 D. 22
75. Find the ratio of areas in which the line y = 2x divides the region bounded between the curves
y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y.
A. 7 : 1 B. 16 : 1 C. 5 : 1 D. 8 : 1
1 1
76. Find the minimum value of the expression S, where S = log 2 (x 2 z4 y 2 ) + log x 2 +
6 6
x
log x z log y3
and logx, logy and logz are positive.
2 2 1 2 3
A. 4 −1 B. 3 − C. 5 − D. None of these
3 3 2 3 2
77. A bag contains 10 balls numbered from 0 to 9. The balls are such that the person picking a ball out
of the bag is equally likely to pick any one of them. A person picked a ball and replaced it in the bag
after noting its number. He repeated this process 2 more times. What is the probability that the ball
picked first is numbered higher than the ball picked second, and the ball picked second is numbered
higher than the ball picked third?
72 3 4 1
A. B. C. D.
100 25 5 6
78. If K = a + b, l = aω + bω2 and m = bω + aω2 , where ω, ω2 are cube roots of unity. What is the value
K 3 + l3 + m3
of ?
a3 + b3
1
A. 2 B. C. 3 D. 1
2
79. Distance between 2 stations is d. A train moves with the speed of m and reaches other station late
by 2 hours. Calculate the speed with which train has to travel to reach in time, where t is the actual
time.
m m×t m × (t +2) m
A. B. C. D.
t+2 t+2 t t(t + 2)
80. 75% of the managers of a multinational company are level G managers and the rest are a level F
manager. 80% of the level G managers and 20% of level F managers are entitled to free lunch. What
is the total number of managers in the company if 63 managers are not entitled to free lunch?
A. 180 B. 160 C. 240 D. 220
82. In the following figure, ∆ABC and ∆PQR are similar to each other. It is given that AB = 3 cm,
area( ∆PQR)
BC = 4 cm. If QRST, PWXR and VPQU are 3 squares, then find the ratio of .
area( ∆ABC)
P
V X
U R
Q
90°
B C
T S
16 25 36 9
A. B C D
961 1024 961 1024
Passage – I
Paul Gigot: Welcome to “The Journal Editorial Report.” I’m Paul Gigot. Last week’s arrest of two dozen
British Muslims in a foiled terror plot has brought renewed focus to that country’s problem with homegrown
terror. My guest this week says that despite the resolve of Prime Minister Tony Blair after Sept. 11, London
has become the European hub for the promotion, recruitment and financing of Islamic extremism. Melanie
Phillips is a columnist for London’s Daily Mail and the author of the new book “Londonistan.” She joins me
now from Jerusalem.
Melanie Phillips, welcome.
Gigot: I think that when a lot of Americans think of Britain and they see Tony Blair’s support for the U.S.
and the war in Iraq and, they say, Boy, thank heavens we have that ally in Europe on our side. But you
argue in your book that that may not be really accurate. Why not?
Phillips: Well, it’s a shameful and shocking thing to report, but Tony Blair is pretty well isolated in Britain.
He’s isolated even within his own cabinet. He’s isolated within the Labour Party—the ruling Labour Party.
And he’s isolated within the population, which believes that he is a “poodle,” in quotes, of George Bush’s
America, in the war in Iraq in particular. Britain is consumed, at the moment, by a virulent anti-Americanism
and anti-Israelism, which drives all common sense out of the window, I’m afraid, in public debate.
And even though Tony Blair is very much on the side about global terror and so on, the war in Iraq, I’m afraid
he nevertheless has presided over an administration which continues to refuse to acknowledge the nature
of the threat facing Britain. That is to say, clearly people in Britain are aware that Britain faces a very
serious terrorist threat. The discovery of the appalling trans-Atlantic plot a few days ago is proof enough of
that. But what people in Britain, in our establishment, in our ruling political class, even in the security
establishment—the police, the intelligence service—what they refuse to acknowledge is the nature of this
terrorism, that it’s based in religion. That it’s based in the Islamic jihad, that what we’re facing is a global
war of religion.
And because they refuse to acknowledge that, for all kinds of reasons to do with minority rights and so
forth—of the kind that you have also in America—because they’re refusing to acknowledge what this thing
is, they are not taking the action that is needed to combat it—certainly not, in my view, to stop.
Gigot: But a year ago, of course, you had these successful attacks on London. But this year, you have a
foiled plot, which it looks, at least from this vantage point, as a big success. Are you saying that there is—
that Britain is not making any progress on this front, and we’re going to see more and more of this?
Phillips: Well, it’s certainly made some progress, and all credit to our security authorities for foiling this
appalling trans-Atlantic plot. But at the same time, we are told there are literally dozens and dozens of
other plots currently under way, currently being investigated by our security forces. And the point I’m
What they have to be doing, what the country should be doing, is addressing the ideas, the demented and
paranoid ideas, that are driving people to these monstrous and inhuman acts. And that is what Britain is
not doing. It is not saying We are simply not going to tolerate people in the Muslim community being
preached and being taught hatred of Jews, hatred of America, hatred of the West, sedition, the desire to
overturn the country. We’re not going to put up with that.
Gigot: Are you saying that they should ban certain kinds of speech, for example—
Phillips: Absolutely.
Gigot: —they should go into mosques and say you cannot preach certain things? And isn’t that inconsistent
with what we’ve come to understand is the Anglo-American tradition of free speech and free religion? You’re
saying that those values ought to be put in some kind of jeopardy?
Phillips: Well, we are putting our whole civilization in jeopardy unless we address the hatred and the lies
that are driving people to mass murder. I think both Britain and America are very hung up on this freedom-
of-speech issue. Freedom of speech is rightfully a very important value in our society. But if it is abused so
that our society is potentially destroyed, that’s not very sensible. In the past, we understood this.
In this past, we understood there were ideas that could kill, that there were ideas that no society should be
expected to tolerate if they were a direct threat to that society. We don’t tolerate, in Britain—we’re supposed
not to tolerate, for example, speech which incites racial hatred, because we believe that the damage to
individuals and society is so great it outweighs our rightful respect for freedom of speech. Yet when it
comes to religious hatred, religiously based hatred of other people—Jews, Americans, the West—we
somehow say, Oh, we must back off because it’s religion, because it’s an ethnic minority, we must have
nothing to do with this. It’s kind of prejudiced to interfere with it.
Well, I think this is madness. Because we are turning a blind eye to the ideas which are driving people to
these monstrous and inhuman acts, and so our security—
Gigot: What about the analogy that some people draw between the lessons that the British might have
learned in their long battle against the Irish Republican Army, which used terrorism for years? And they
say, Look, we managed to get control over that problem. It was long fight. And we can use the same
methods against this kind of terror.
Phillips: Well, I think this is a misguided argument, because we are facing a very different kind of terror.
And this is, in fact, the British problem. The British do see this problem of the Islamic global jihad as a kind
of souped-up Northern Irish problem. But it’s not. Northern Island’s terrorism, the IRA, Irish Republican
terrorism, was terrorism with a particular purpose. It was to achieve a united Ireland. It was not nonnegotiable.
One could say one should not have negotiated with the IRA. But that’s not the point. It was not a nonnegotiable
position.
I think what we’re facing with the global Islamic jihad is something we’ve never faced before. It’s not war as
we understand it between states, but it’s certainly not terrorism as we understand it. And this is the
problem we face. We haven’t got the language to describe this. We’re facing a new phenomenon.
Gigot: All right, Melanie Phillips, thank you for that very provocative warning. Thanks for coming.
83. The terror created by the Irish Republican army is different in the sense that
A. the present day terror does not have a particular purpose
B. the IRA’s terms were for a unified Ireland and were non negotiable
C. the IRA had the single objective of destroying Britain
D. the IRA had a patriotic purpose
84. Melanie Phillips is most likely to agree to which of the following statements?
A. Foiling terrorist plans is a necessary and fruitful exercise
B. Free religion should not be allowed
C. The IRA inflicted less damage than the jihadis
D. An idea is the root of any action
86. Tony Blair is not finding favour in his countrymen’s eyes chiefly because
A. He is a puppet in the hands of the US
B. His stance on Iraq is not popular with his countrymen
C. He is against terrorism
D. Only A & B
The question of what constitutes human nature is usually understood in terms of the nature-nurture debate.
Through the nature-nurture prism, we can survey the past century and see dramatic shifts in the dominant
ways we have conceived of humanness - crudely from a prewar racialised concept of human nature, to a
postwar largely cultural view of humanness, to the contemporary rehabilitation of Darwinian Man. These
swings of the nature-nurture pendulum we often think of almost as paradigm shifts in the Kuhnian sense.
There is, however, another way of understanding this historical evolution. Underlying all debates about
humanness is the attempt to understand the relationship between humans as physically determined
beings and humans as social beings and moral agents. Or, to put it another way, between humans as
objects who, like any other natural beings, operate under the purview of biological and physical laws; and
humans as subjects who, uniquely among natural organisms, possess consciousness and agency. To
understand how we are human is, therefore, to understand not so much whether we are creatures of nature
or nurture, but how we are simultaneously object and subject.
A useful way of approaching the question of both the similarities and differences between the various
historical concepts of human nature is through the rise and fall of Unesco Man. Unesco Man is the
embodiment of the postwar cultural vision of humanness, a vision which emerged directly in response to
prewar racialised ideas, and in response to which contemporary naturalistic theories have emerged. What
I want to do is see if we can understand the relationship between prewar, postwar and contemporary
theories through more than simply the nature-nurture prism.
For more than a century, from the middle of the nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth, race was central
to any conception of human nature. ‘All is race. There is no other truth’, as Disraeli put it. The experience
of Nazism and the Holocaust changed all that. In the words of the founding conference of the UN, ‘the
barbarism was made possible by the propagation of ideas of the inequality of men and races’.
To combat such ideas, Unesco convened a panel of social and natural scientists, and charged them with
producing a definitive statement on racial difference. The two statements produced by the panel, in
1950 and 1951, declared race to be not so much ‘a biological phenomenon as a social myth’.
The Unesco statements, however, were not simply about race. They also pulled together a number of
themes about human nature that had become highly influential in social and cultural anthropology - particularly
through the work of figures such as Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict - and in behaviorist
psychology; themes which laid the basis for postwar antiracism and the liberal consensus. One such
theme was the belief that humans are post-evolutionary. Whereas the Übermesch of racial science was
entirely moulded by the laws of nature, Unesco Man was a cultural being: biology played little role in his
make-up.
Humans do not make culture; culture makes humans. An individual cannot escape the force of destiny
imposed by his culture and history. Culture, like race, appears as a transcendent category outside of our
immediate consciousness but which is transmitted from generation to generation. Racial science expressed
a mechanistic view of humanness, one in which human history flowed inevitably according to the laws of
nature. Unesco Man embodied an idealist view, in humans were not rooted in their nature, and in which
human history and culture are reified. What united the two was a common view of human beings, not as
subjects, but simply as objects, in the one case of nature, in the other of culture.
What neither side of the nature-nurture debate has come to terms with is this. We are clearly defined by
both nature and nurture. But we are also defined by our ability to transcend both. Unlike any other creature,
humans have developed the capacity to overcome the constraints imposed both by our genetic and our
cultural heritage. It is not that human beings have floated free of the laws of causation. It is, rather, that as
subjects we have the ability to transform our selves, our natures, our world, an ability denied to any other
physical being. Moreover, the kinds of causes relevant to the human world are distinct from that of the non-
human world. All events have causes, but only humans act by reason. A reason is a special kind of cause,
one that is only applicable to subjects; an act determined by reason we generally treat as an act of free
will.
To understand human nature is to understand the relationship between humans as physically determined
beings and humans as moral agents. Unesco Man and Darwinian Man both embody one aspect of our
humanity, but deny the other. Unesco Man was an attempt to understand humanness entirely in cultural
terms. Because he was not rooted in the physical world, the consequence was an idealist view of humanness.
Contemporary naturalistic theories have restored humanity back to nature. But it has also denied itself the
resources for understanding human transcendence. The result is a mechanistic view of human nature.
From very different starting points, mechanistic and idealist views of human nature converge on a common
vision of human beings as objects and exhibit a common inability to understand humans as subjects.
Looking at the historical development of the idea of human nature reveals the inadequacy of the nature-
nurture paradigm. It reveals too, the common conceptual framework, and the common conceptual problems,
that underlie what are often seen as incommensurate views of humanness.
88. According to the author the Unesco man’s evolution primarily indicates to the fact that
A. the Unesco man helped seal the destruction of pre-war racial anthropology.
B. simultaneously we are a physically determined being and a conscious agent which gives us
a distinctive identity.
C. complicated psyche of the human being which is a result of the racialised concept of existence.
D. human beings are constituted in terms of nurture rather than nature.
90. Which of the following can be obviously inferred from the passage?
A. Racial science denied the existence of a common human nature, believing that every race had a
specifically constituted essence.
B. The historical development of the idea of the human nature reveals the inadequacy of the
nature-nurture prism.
C. Inspite of being conceptually apart, there is a continuity that still existed between pre - and
post-war concepts of humanness.
D. Post- war anthropologists had failed to deal with the question of human subjectivity.
Passage – III
As sociologist Trimble and Medicine point out in a survey paper published in 1966, many of the studies
dealing with the Native American (Indian) experience have tended to focus on negative aspects and have
characterized the Native American in a negative vein. Prominent among these negative characterizations is
the contention that Native Americans tend to have low self – esteem.
In 1973, a small group of Native American professionals challenged the accuracy of these negative reports.
Their experiences suggested to them that most Native Americans viewed themselves positively. After a
series of discussions they formulated a research task – specifically, “What would the self-image of the
Native American be if it were researched by Native Americans?”
In due course, an official research project was initiated. A crucial feature of the project was the formation of
a Native American advisory board, consisting of community representatives from different regions of the
country. One of the purposes of the advisory board was to help dispel any antagonism that might be there
against the presence of social scientists in Native American communities. In some of those communities,
unfortunately, social scientists had come to be resented as “predators merely using the Native American to
further their own careers.”
Another important function of the advisory board was assistance in identifying trained Native American
interviewers for data collection. The idea of using local residents as interviewers was rejected earlier since
it was felt that respondents might be concerned, however needlessly, that personal information might
eventually turn into community gossip. The board opted for selection of culturally sensitive non residents
as interviewers.
Finally a total of 792 Native Americans ranging in age from 17 to over 80 and representing over 150 tribal
and Alaska Native groups were administered through a 309 – page questionnaire. One hundred and nine
respondents also completed open – ended interviews. Questionnaire items clustered around 38 subscales
that yielded indices of self-regard, values, philosophy of human nature, locus of control and satisfaction
with life. Items contained in the interviews served to validate questionnaire responses by supplementing
the questionnaire data with situation specific information. Findings included the following: (a) at least 95%
of the respondents have a moderate to strong sense of self-regard that is stable and enduring, (b) there is
high degree of consistency of positive self – regard irrespective of sex, tribe and age and (c) persons with
a strong sense of self – regard also tend to have a strong sense of personal value.
92. According to the passage, hostility towards social scientists in some Native American communities
resulted from the communities’ perception that
A. many of the social scientists focused unduly on negative aspects of community life.
B. none of the social scientists employed local residents as interviewers.
C. none of the social scientists used questionnaires sufficiently sensitive to those communities’
distinctive cultural backgrounds.
D. the social scientists carried out their studies for their own professional benefit only.
93. It can be inferred from the passage that those designing the study wished to ensure that
A. the identity of those completing open ended interviews was made publicly known in advance.
B. no respondents were selected from communities known to have been hostile to social scientists.
C. data collection was carried out by interviewers thoroughly versed in sociological theory.
D. the confidentiality of any information gained would be protected to the respondents satisfaction.
Not every American president has been able to resist his nation’s call for war. Studies have shown the main
determinant is the kind of childhood the president has experienced. Jimmy Carter was unusual in being
able to draw upon his having had fairly loving parents, in particular a mother who encouraged his individu-
ality and independence, a very unusual quality for a parent in the 1920s. It is no coincidence that when I
once collected all the childhood photos I could find of American presidents I noticed that only those of
Jimmy Carter and Dwight Eisenhower (another president who resisted being drawn into war) showed their
mothers smiling.
Ronald Reagan’s childhood, in contrast, was more like that of most presidents: a nightmare of neglect and
abuse, in his case dominated by an obsessively religious mother and a violent, alcoholic father who, he
said, used to “kick him with his boot” and “clobber” him and his brother. The result, as I have documented
in my book, Reagan’s America, was a childhood of phobias and fears “to the point of hysteria,” buried
feelings of rage and severe castration anxieties (the title of his autobiography was Where Is The Rest of
Me?). As an adult, Reagan took to carrying a loaded pistol, and once considered suicide, only to be saved
by the defensive maneuver of taking up politics and becoming an anti-communist warrior, crusading against
imaginary “enemies” who were blamed for the feelings he denied in himself.
George Bush’s childhood, though not as chaotic as Reagan’s, was also full of fear and punishments.
Psychohistorian Suzy Kane, interviewing George’s brother, Prescott, Jr., discovered that Bush’s father
often beat him on the buttocks with a belt or a razor strap, the anticipation of which, Prescott, Jr. recalled,
made them “quiver” with fear. “He took us over his knee and whopped us with his belt,” Prescott said. “He
had a strong arm, and boy, did we feel it.” As he admitted to Kane, “We were all scared of him. We were
scared to death of Dad when we were younger.” Childhood classmates of George described his father as
“aloof and distant...formidable and stern...very austere and not a warm person.” “Dad was really scary,”
George himself once admitted. As a result, a desperate need to please was George’s main trait as a child,
and a depressive personality with an overwhelming need to placate became his trademarks as president.
The mood of America as Bush ran for the presidency was also quite depressed, which favored his election
over his less depressed opponent. During the Eighties, in what was often misnamed “A Decade of Indul-
gence,” America had had an unprecedented period of peace and prosperity, the latter based mainly on
manic spending binges on the military and on financial speculation, both financed by borrowing. As will be
shown, manic periods such as these usually climax in wars. In 1989, however, America’s traditional
enemy, the Soviet Union, had collapsed, and a period of unprecedented world peace without any real
enemies had “broken out all over,” as Newsweek put it. Soon after the end of the Evil Empire, both America
and Europe were plunged into depression. Beisel summarized the feeling:
The New York Times speaks of “An Empty Feeling...Infecting Eastern Europe.” An authority on Britain
finds the British undergoing “self-doubt and self-humiliation...greater now than at any time...over the last
thirty years.” The cover of the World Press Review speaks of “Germany’s Reunified Blues”...Europe is
depressed. Just three years ago, Germans were “delirious in the days before and after reunification,” said
Current History. “A couple of months later, their euphoria had turned to gloom.”
94. The treatment of Reagan by his father is incorrectly described by which of the following statements?
A. His father used to revile him and abuse him which left him with a neglected feeling.
B. His father used to lambaste him which was expressed by violent and abusive behaviour.
C. In this childhood Reagan was pommelled by his father .
D. His father used to slur him and his brother to the point where they developed feelings of rage.
96. Which of the following are similarities between Reagan and Bush?
1. Both Reagan and Bush had a childhood dominated by fear.
2. Both had some personality conflicts resulting from troubled childhood experiences.
3. Both would have found it difficult to resist the call of war.
A. All of the above
B. All except 1
C. All except 2
D. All except 1 and 2
DIRECTIONS for Questions 98 to 102: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced,
form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of
sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.
98. A. Freire heavily endorses students’ ability to think critically about their education situation.
B. Realizing one’s consciousness (“conscientization”) is a needed first step of “praxis”.
C. Critical pedagogy was heavily influenced by the works of Paulo Freire, arguably the most celebrated
critical educator.
D. “Praxis” involves engaging in a cycle of theory, application, evaluation, reflection, and then back
to theory.
A. CABD B. DBAC C. BDCA D. ABDC
99. A. Givaudan lurched ahead this spring by buying Quest, which had been the market’s fifth leading
player.
B. But the scent business isn’t all wine and tuberoses.
C. IFF is Pepsi to Givaudan’s Coke, and the two firms account for about 30% of the $18 billion global
market for flavours and fragrances.
D. Technological advances; consolidation and the race to get into new markets are shaking up the
industry.
A. ABCD B. BDCA C. ADCB D. DCBA
100. A. Yes, it has been a difficult stretch for Prime Minister Ehud Olmert of Israel.
B. His approval rating hovers around 3%. Now his Foreign Minister has called for him to resign.
C. But Olmert has told his critics to “slow down” and called an emergency cabinet meeting.
D. An Israeli government report on the 2006 Lebanon war excoriated him for his “very severe failures.”
A. BCDA B. DCBA C. DBAC D. ADCB
101. A. Crowds had lined up for nearly a mile down Queen’s Road to catch a glimpse of the Material Girl
in person.
B. Madge was a no-show, but the long lines lasted for weeks.
C. The draw was her line of trench coats, kimono dresses and catsuits for the Swedish retailer
H&M.
D. Madonna has invaded Hong Kong.
A. DCAB B. ACBD C. CBAC D. DABC
102. A. The rise of low-cost carriers was supposed to simplify prices for everyone, but that hasn’t happened.
B. Delta might be enjoying a bit of blue sky, but Grinstein understands the frustrations of airline
travel.
C. “People are suspicious,” he says, “and wonder what kind of game is being played because they
don’t understand what the system is designed to do.”
D. Pricing is a big one.
A. CDBA B. BDCA C. DABC D. CADB
DIRECTIONS for Questions 103 to 107: There are two blanks in each of the following sentences. From
the pairs of words given, choose the one that fills the blanks most appropriately. The first word in the pair
should fill the first blank.
103. It is difficult to _____ the suffering of South East Asians in the US in terms of the number of dead,
but tens of thousands are going through _____ in a society hit by paranoia after the WTC bombings.
A. estimate, ordeal B. quantify, trauma C. calculate, distrust D. understand, shock
105. It started with a(n) _____ cigarette in college, but by her late twenties, Lilly was an _____ smoker.
A. casual, acute B. customary, habitual
C. special, invertebrate D. occasional, inveterate
106. Ayn Rand’s book attracted a _____ of fans, some of them being top corporate executives, who
dared not speak of its impact except in _____.
A. group, loneliness B. series, public
C. coterie, private D. variety, circle
107. Nowadays, cops are considered to be increasingly _____ as far as solving criminal cases are
concerned because of which people’s faith in the system of justice is _____ down.
A. laggard, moving B. zealous, stretching
C. nonchalant, crumbling D. laidback, coming
DIRECTIONS for Questions 108 to 112: In each of the following sentences, part or all of the sentence is
underlined. The answer-choices offer four ways of phrasing the underlined part. If you think the original
sentence is better than the alternatives, choose A, which merely repeats the underlined part; otherwise
choose one of the alternatives.
108. Although absolute justice being unattainable, that much justice as we need for all practical use
is attainable by all those who make it their aim.
A. being unattainable, that much justice as we need for all practical use is attainable
B. be unattainable, as much justice as we need for all practical use is attainable
C. being unattainable, as much justice as we need for all practical use is attainable
D. be unattainable, as much justice we need for all practical use is attainable
109. The English masters possessed the power in regulating their own trade, and for giving liberty to
every slave in their dominions; and yet they were entirely unmindful of their duty on this subject.
A. of regulating their own trade, and in giving liberty to every slave in their dominions; and yet they
were
B. to regulate their own trade, and of giving liberty to every slave in their dominions; and yet they
were
C. into regulating their own trade, and of giving liberty to every slave in their dominions; and yet they
were
D. of regulating their own trade, and of giving liberty to every slave in their dominions; and yet they
were
110. This, no doubt, will be a proper place to give some to my antecedents, as well as a few of the details
of the crime for which I was sent to the penitentiary.
A. This, no doubt will be the proper place to give some of my antecedents, as well as a few of the
details of the
B. This, no doubt, will be the proper place to give some of my antecedents, as well as a few of the
details of the
C. This, no doubt, will be the proper place to give some to my antecedents, as well as a few of the
details of the
D. This no doubt, will be the proper place to give some of my antecedents, as well as a few of the
details of a
112. The flagrant violation of the rules acted with a catalyst for the stringent action taken against the
students.
A. acted with the catalyst for the
B. acted as a catalyst for the
C. acted as a catalyst to the
D. has been acted as a catalyst for the
DIRECTIONS for Questions 113 to 117: Select the most suitable synonym for the underlined word in the
sentences.
113. He was forced to change his college as he was badgered by the obscene comments of the seniors.
A. Balked B. Attenuated C. Pestered D. Barbed
114. Mrs. Smith became cantankerous old lady after the death of her entire family in the car accident.
A. Crestfallen B. Disconcerted C. Canny D. Irascible
115. Her heterodox views made her an outcast in the society.
A. Unconventional B. Idiosyncratic C. Impertinent D. Impetuous
116. People of the town believed the patent medicine man who was a mountebank.
A. Connoisseur B. Charlatan C. Amateur D. Empathetic
117. The Chairman said, “We should understand the ramifications of the situation”.
A. Gravity B. Upshot C. Causes D. Pre-requisites
DIRECTIONS for Questions 118 to 122: Select the most suitable antonym for the underlined word in the
sentences.
119. The dog became querulous when it was hit by the car.
A. Whining B. Unruffled C. Aggressive D. Quixotic
120. The group of sanguine college students walked noisily through the corridor.
A. Sardonic B. Licentious C. Gloomy D. Rustic
121. The eulogistic speech earned a lot of acclaim from the listeners.
A. Praising B. Critical C. Esoteric D. Burlesque
122. The fledgling young employee could not understand the nuances of the project.
A. Embryonic B. Frivolous C. Experienced D. effusive