‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت )ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ‪ HP‬وﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ IP‬وﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ‪ ،(LP‬وﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺨﺎر )‪ ،(steam generator‬وﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ )‪ ،(Condenser‬وﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺪ ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪ (Reheater‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮر ﺑﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ )‪ (Feed Water Heater‬ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻖ وواﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﺘﯿﻦ )‪ (Pumps‬ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺜﻒ )‪ (condensate pump‬وﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ‪(feed water‬‬
‫‪.(pump‬‬

‫وﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻗﺪرة ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪ 896.941‬ﻣﯿﺠﺎ واط‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت ﻗﺪرة ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 23.907‬ﻣﯿﺠﺎ واط‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﯿﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ‪ 873.034‬ﻣﯿﺠﺎ واط‪ ،‬وﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري‪:‬‬

‫)‪.(Net Heat Rate =1.907‬‬

‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (1-3‬رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﺪورة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (1.3‬اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬

‫‪18‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (1-3‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ )‪ (SI Units‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )‪ ،(Master Converter‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺨﻮاص ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪.(ChemicaLogic Steam Tab‬‬
‫)‪Companion‬‬

‫( ̇‬ ‫) ‪/‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫)℃(‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫)℃ ‪.‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪449.3775‬‬ ‫‪7.791076‬‬ ‫‪42.61‬‬ ‫‪177.1947‬‬ ‫‪0.608‬‬ ‫‪65.41968‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪449.3771‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪42.44‬‬ ‫‪178.474‬‬ ‫‪0.604‬‬ ‫‪66.79898‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪449.3771‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪74.28‬‬ ‫‪312.847‬‬ ‫‪1.006‬‬ ‫‪191.122‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪449.3771‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪101.33‬‬ ‫‪425.8906‬‬ ‫‪1.321‬‬ ‫‪296.2906‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪449.3771‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪123‬‬ ‫‪520.7914‬‬ ‫‪1.56‬‬ ‫‪385.2164‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪449.3771‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪142.44‬‬ ‫‪599.4102‬‬ ‫‪1.764‬‬ ‫‪458.7352‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪629.291‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪182.17‬‬ ‫‪776.791‬‬ ‫‪2.169‬‬ ‫‪625.991‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪629.291‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪187.33‬‬ ‫‪813.8674‬‬ ‫‪2.172‬‬ ‫‪662.9924‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪629.291‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪212.5‬‬ ‫‪922.259‬‬ ‫‪2.404‬‬ ‫‪765.584‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪629.291‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪262.78‬‬ ‫‪1153.975‬‬ ‫‪2.851‬‬ ‫‪986.1251‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪629.291‬‬ ‫‪24235.07‬‬ ‫‪537.78‬‬ ‫‪3306.874‬‬ ‫‪6.156‬‬ ‫‪3056.399‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪557.0582‬‬ ‫‪5129.699‬‬ ‫‪314.56‬‬ ‫‪2966.511‬‬ ‫‪6.27‬‬ ‫‪2713.186‬‬
‫'‪12‬‬ ‫‪72.23269‬‬ ‫‪5129.699‬‬ ‫‪314.56‬‬ ‫‪2966.511‬‬ ‫‪6.27‬‬ ‫‪2713.186‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪557.0582‬‬ ‫‪4771.172‬‬ ‫‪537.78‬‬ ‫‪3523.099‬‬ ‫‪7.11‬‬ ‫‪3248.774‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪24.50079‬‬ ‫‪2116.69‬‬ ‫‪417.17‬‬ ‫‪3284.475‬‬ ‫‪7.16‬‬ ‫‪3008.9‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪449.3774‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪328.44‬‬ ‫‪3111.723‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬ ‫‪2835.148‬‬
‫'‪15‬‬ ‫‪35.40931‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪328.44‬‬ ‫‪3111.723‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬ ‫‪2835.148‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪16.57641‬‬ ‫‪417.8223‬‬ ‫‪223.94‬‬ ‫‪2909.849‬‬ ‫‪7.25‬‬ ‫‪2632.024‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪19.44651‬‬ ‫‪237.8691‬‬ ‫‪169.83‬‬ ‫‪2806.807‬‬ ‫‪7.29‬‬ ‫‪2527.982‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪22.03791‬‬ ‫‪128.932‬‬ ‫‪117.78‬‬ ‫‪2709.162‬‬ ‫‪7.33‬‬ ‫‪2429.337‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪25.16165‬‬ ‫‪47.02224‬‬ ‫‪79.82‬‬ ‫‪2565.369‬‬ ‫‪7.39‬‬ ‫‪2284.044‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪366.1546‬‬ ‫‪8.480551‬‬ ‫‪42.61‬‬ ‫‪2354.447‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬ ‫‪2070.372‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪72.23269‬‬ ‫‪2356.766‬‬ ‫‪220.83‬‬ ‫‪947.845‬‬ ‫‪2.53‬‬ ‫‪788.02‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪96.73349‬‬ ‫‪1418.941‬‬ ‫‪195.67‬‬ ‫‪834.3362‬‬ ‫‪2.29‬‬ ‫‪680.5112‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪16.57641‬‬ ‫‪281.3061‬‬ ‫‪131.33‬‬ ‫‪552.1924‬‬ ‫‪1.65‬‬ ‫‪414.3674‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪36.02292‬‬ ‫‪142.032‬‬ ‫‪109.67‬‬ ‫‪459.9665‬‬ ‫‪1.42‬‬ ‫‪327.8915‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪58.06083‬‬ ‫‪52.67595‬‬ ‫‪82.61‬‬ ‫‪346.3414‬‬ ‫‪1.11‬‬ ‫‪222.0164‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪83.22248‬‬ ‫‪12.82425‬‬ ‫‪50.78‬‬ ‫‪214.4572‬‬ ‫‪0.71‬‬ ‫‪100.1322‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ 1.3‬وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺮق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ )وﻗﻮد ﺳﺎﺋﻞ أو ﻓﺤﻢ أو ﻏﺎز طﺒﯿﻌﻲ ‪ (...‬ﻟﺘﺘﺒﺨﺮ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ وﺗﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﺤﻤﺺ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ )اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة اﻟﻌﺎدم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﯾﺼﻞ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ‪ 200‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ‪ 538‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 24‬ﻣﯿﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل‪ ،‬ﯾﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﯿﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺪوﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺪوﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻷﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻘﻞ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻓﺘﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪ 315‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ وﯾﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺿﻐﻄﮫ أﯾﻀﺎ ﻟﯿﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪ 5.1‬ﻣﯿﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﺮوج اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻨﮫ ﻣﺠﺪدا ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ )‪ (Reheater‬ﻟﺮﻓﻊ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارﺗﮫ إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪ 538‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وھﻲ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ‪ 538‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ وﺿﻐﻂ‬
‫‪ 4.8‬ﻣﯿﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﯿﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺪوﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺪوﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬وﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻂ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2.1‬ﻣﯿﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻠﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻖ ﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﺮوﺟﮫ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ‪ 328‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ وﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1.1‬ﻣﯿﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﯾﺘﺠﮫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﻟﯿﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﯾﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة وھﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﯿﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺪوﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺪوﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬وﯾﺨﺮج ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ‪ 43‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ وﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 8.5‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل وﯾﺘﺠﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‪ ،‬وﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ )‪ 418‬و‪ 238‬و‪ 129‬و‪ (47‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺘﺼﻞ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﯾﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ وﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎء‪ ،‬وﯾﺘﻢ ارﺟﺎع ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ واﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺎء ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻔﻘﺪھﺎ طﺎﻗﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﯾﺘﻢ ﺿﺦ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ واﻟﺬي ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ‪ 43‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ وﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 7.8‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﻓﯿﺘﻢ رﻓﻊ ﺿﻐﻄﮫ إﻟﻰ ‪ 1055‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻟﯿﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺎء إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ وﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح وﯾﺘﻢ رﻓﻊ ﺿﻐﻄﮫ إﻟﻰ ‪29.2‬‬
‫ﻣﯿﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻟﯿﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﺨﺮ ﻟﯿﻌﺎد ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‪ ،‬وﯾﺠﺐ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫ﺧﻼل اﻟﺪورة‪.‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ 2.3‬اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﻲ اﻟﺤﺮاري‬

‫‪ 1.2.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‬

‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮاض أن اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪ 1‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﺮام‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﺳﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ وﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪ ،‬وﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﯾﺠﺎد ھﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻول ﻟﻠﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ )ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﺗﺰان اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ (Energy Balance‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫( ﺑﻮﺣﺪة )ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﺮام ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﺮام ﻣﺎر ﻓﻲ‬ ‫…‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف )‬
‫اﻟﺪورة( ﻧﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻول ﻟﻠﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﮫ ھﺬا اﻟﺨﻂ‪:‬‬

‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫̇‬ ‫‪ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫̇‬ ‫‪ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪(3.1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺑﺈھﻤﺎل ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ طﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ وطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ واﻟﺸﻐﻞ وﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫= ) ‪(ℎ‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.2‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (3.2‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء‬ ‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(2.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (2.3‬ﻣﺳﺧن ﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫‪1×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 1×ℎ‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.3‬‬

‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬
‫=‬
‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪(1153.975 − 922.259) 231.716‬‬

‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.11479‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪(2966.511 − 947.845) 2018.67‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء‬ ‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدس اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(3.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (3.3‬ﻣﺳﺧن ﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﺎدس‬

‫‪1×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫(‪= 1×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.4‬‬

‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫=‬
‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫)‪(922.259 − 813.867) + 0.11479(834.336 − 947.845‬‬

‫=‬
‫)‪(3284.475 − 834.336‬‬

‫‪95.3623‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.038921‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2450.139‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء‬ ‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(4.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (4.3‬ﻣﺳﺧن ﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﻣس‬

‫‪22‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪(1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫(‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=1×ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.5‬‬

‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫=‬
‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫)‪(776.791 − 599.41) + 0.1148(599.41 − 834.336) + 0.0389(599.41 − 834.336‬‬

‫=‬
‫)‪(3111.723 − 599.41‬‬

‫‪141.271‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.05623‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2512.313‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء‬ ‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(5.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (5.3‬ﻣﺳﺧن ﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟراﺑﻊ‬

‫‪(1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪) × ℎ5 +‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪× ℎ16‬‬

‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪) × ℎ6 +‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪× ℎ23‬‬ ‫)‪(3.6‬‬

‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫=‬
‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫)‪(599.41 − 520.791) + 0.1148(520.791 − 599.41‬‬

‫=‬
‫)‪(2909.849 − 552.192‬‬

‫)‪0.0389(520.791 − 599.41) + 0.0562(520.791 − 599.41‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2909.849 − 552.192‬‬

‫‪62.1136‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.026345‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2357.657‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء‬ ‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(6.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (6.3‬ﻣﺳﺧن ﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬

‫‪(1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬

‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫(‪)×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.7‬‬

‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫=‬
‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫)‪(520.7914 − 425.8906) + 0.1148(425.8906 − 520.7914‬‬

‫=‬
‫)‪(2806.807 − 459.9665‬‬

‫)‪0.0389(425.8906 − 520.7914) + 0.0562(425.8906 − 520.7914‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2806.807 − 459.9665‬‬
‫)‪0.02635(425.8906 − 520.7914‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2806.807 − 459.9665‬‬

‫‪72.5477‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.030913‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2346.84‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء‬ ‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(7.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (7.3‬ﻣﺳﺧن ﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪(1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫(‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ‬‬
‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫(‪)×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.8‬‬

‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫=‬
‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫‪4 (ℎ25‬‬ ‫‪− ℎ24 ) +‬‬ ‫‪5 (ℎ25‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫) ‪(ℎ18 − ℎ25‬‬

‫)‪(425.8906 − 312.847) + 0.1148(312.847 − 425.8906‬‬

‫=‬
‫)‪(2709.162 − 346.3414‬‬

‫)‪0.0389(312.847 − 425.8906) + 0.0562(312.847 − 425.8906‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2709.162 − 346.3414‬‬

‫)‪0.0264(346.3414 − 459.9665) + 0.03091(346.3414 − 459.9665‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2709.162 − 346.3414‬‬

‫‪82.8053‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.035045‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2362.821‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء‬ ‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻻول اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(8.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (8.3‬ﻣﺳﺧن ﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻻول‬

‫‪(1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫(‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ‬‬

‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‪3‬‬ ‫(‪×ℎ +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪7‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.9‬‬

‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫‪(ℎ − ℎ ) +‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫=‬
‫) ‪(ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫‪4 (ℎ26‬‬ ‫‪− ℎ25 ) +‬‬ ‫‪5 (ℎ26‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫‪)+‬‬ ‫‪6 (ℎ26‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫) ‪(ℎ19 − ℎ26‬‬

‫)‪(312.847 − 178.474) + 0.1148(178.474 − 312.847‬‬

‫=‬
‫)‪(2565.369 − 214.4572‬‬

‫)‪0.0389 (178.474 − 312.847) + 0.0562(178.474 − 312.847‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2565.369 − 214.4572‬‬

‫)‪0.0264(214.4572 − 346.3414) + 0.03091(214.4572 − 346.3414‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2565.369 − 214.4572‬‬

‫)‪0.03505(214.4572 − 346.3414‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2565.369 − 214.4572‬‬

‫‪93.9895‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.03998‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2350.911‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(9.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (9.3‬اﻟﻣﻛﺛف‬

‫اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪ 1‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮﺟﺮام ﻣﻄﺮوﺣﺎ ﻣﻨﮫ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(3.10‬‬
‫‪= (1 − 0.1148 − 0.0389 − 0.0562 − 0.0264 − 0.03091‬‬
‫)‪− 0.03505 − 0.03998‬‬

‫‪= 0.658‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪ (26‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪+( 4+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(3.11‬‬
‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫)‪= (1 − 0.1148 − 0.0389 − 0.0562‬‬

‫‪= 0.79‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ 2.2.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮر ﺑﯿﻨﺎت‬

‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻول ﻟﻠﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ )ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﺗﺰان اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ (Energy Balance‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺑﻮﺣﺪة )ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﻮل ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﺮام ﻣﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪورة(‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪(ℎ ) −‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.12‬‬

‫وﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (10.3‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(10.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (10.3‬ﺗورﺑﯾن اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻊ‬

‫([ ‪= (1 × ℎ ) −‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫‪) + ((1 −‬‬ ‫]) ‪) × ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.13‬‬

‫=‬

‫])‪= (1 × 3306.874) − [(0.1148 × 2966.511) + ((1 − 0.1148) × 2966.511‬‬

‫‪= 340.3636‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(11.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (11.3‬ﺗورﺑﯾن اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط‬

‫‪= [(1 −‬‬ ‫([ ‪) × ℎ ] −‬‬ ‫(‪×ℎ )+‬‬ ‫‪×ℎ‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪+ (1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪)×ℎ‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫)‪(3.14‬‬

‫=‬

‫)‪= [(1 − 0.1148) × 3523.099] − [(0.0389 × 3284.475) + (0.0562 × 3111.723‬‬

‫] ‪+ (1 − 0.1148 − 0.0389 − 0.0562) × 3111.723‬‬

‫‪= 357.4321‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(12.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (12.3‬ﺗورﺑﯾن اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض‬

‫‪= [(1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫([ ‪) × ℎ ] −‬‬ ‫(‪×ℎ )+‬‬ ‫) ‪×ℎ‬‬

‫(‪+‬‬ ‫(‪×ℎ )+‬‬ ‫‪× ℎ ) + ((1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫]) ‪× ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.15‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪= [(1 − 0.1148 − 0.0389 − 0.0562) × 3111.723] −‬‬

‫)‪−[(0.0264 × 2909.849) + (0.03091 × 2806.807) + (0.03505 × 2709.162‬‬

‫‪+ (0.03998 × 2565.369) +‬‬

‫)‪+ (1 − 0.1148 − 0.0389 − 0.0562 − 0.0264 − 0.03091 − 0.03505 − 0.03998‬‬

‫] ‪× 2354.447‬‬

‫‪= 548.8141‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮر ﺑﯿﻨﺎت‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 340.3636 + 357.4321 + 548.8141 = 1246.6097‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ 3.2.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬

‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻻزم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت ﻧﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻷول ﻟﻠﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪(ℎ ) −‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.16‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (13.3‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﻮﺣﺪة )ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﻮل ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﯿﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺟﺮام ﻣﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪورة(‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(13.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (13.3‬ﻣﺿﺧﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﻣﺗﻛﺛف‬

‫‪30‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫) ‪) × (ℎ − ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.17‬‬

‫)‪= (1 − 0.1148 − 0.0389 − 0.0562) × (178.474 − 177.1947‬‬

‫‪= 1.0107‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ ‬اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺎء‬

‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(14.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (14.3‬ﻣﺿﺧﺔ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ‬

‫) ‪= 1 × (ℎ − ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.18‬‬

‫)‪= 1 × (813.8674 − 776.791‬‬

‫‪= 37.0764‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.0107 + 37.0764 = 38.0872‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫∑=‬ ‫∑‪−‬‬ ‫)‪(3.19‬‬

‫‪= 1246.6097 − 38.0872 = 1208.5225‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪31‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫وﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﺮام ﻣﺎر ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺪورة‪:‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫̇‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(3.20‬‬
‫) (‬

‫‪726171‬‬
‫̇‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 600.88‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪1208.52255‬‬

‫وﺑﻀﺮب ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ (28.41 kg/s‬وﺑﮭﺬا ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪629.291 − 600.88‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪× 100 = 4.51 %‬‬
‫‪629.291‬‬

‫‪ 4.2.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ )اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﺋﻊ( ﻋﻨﺪ أي ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(21.3‬‬

‫‪ψ = (ℎ − ℎ ) −‬‬ ‫‪( −‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(3.21‬‬

‫‪ (100‬ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ ) ‪ (ℎ‬و) ( ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﺎء ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ )℃ ‪ (25‬واﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي )‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺎء ﺳﺎﺋﻼ ﻣﻀﻐﻮطﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ℎ = 104.909‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.3672‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ )اﻻﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﻤﺔ( ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫̇‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫̇‬ ‫)‪(3.22‬‬

‫(‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت اﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ وﻗﺪرة اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت اﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻮن وﺣﺪة ) ( ھﻲ )‬

‫‪32‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﺮض أن ﻛﻔﺎءة ﻣﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪:%95‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 95%‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ‪:‬‬

‫( اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫) ( اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر‪ ،‬و)‬

‫وﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮاض أن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻣﻘﺪار ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺴﺎوي )‪ ،(1.06‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‪:‬‬

‫= ‪1.06‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫وﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻧﻔﺮض أن اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﯾﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة )℃ ‪ (25‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﺗﺴﺎوي ﺻﻔﺮ‪ ،‬وﯾﻐﺎدر اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة )℃ ‪ ،(32‬وﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﺗﺰان اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪.(29506.587‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ واﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺎوي ) ‪/‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (2.3‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (2.3‬اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫̇‬ ‫̇‬

‫=‬ ‫̇‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫̇‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪Turbine 1‬‬ ‫‪886913.5903‬‬ ‫‪866490.22‬‬ ‫‪20423.3704‬‬
‫‪Turbine 2‬‬ ‫‪748826.1924‬‬ ‫‪734832.181‬‬ ‫‪13994.0115‬‬
‫‪Turbine 3‬‬ ‫‪460301.9447‬‬ ‫‪422037.748‬‬ ‫‪38264.1971‬‬
‫‪Pump 1‬‬ ‫‪1543.45235‬‬ ‫‪1401.91111‬‬ ‫‪141.541244‬‬
‫‪Pump 2‬‬ ‫‪103196.1709‬‬ ‫‪102658.714‬‬ ‫‪537.457116‬‬

‫‪33‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪Boiler‬‬ ‫‪1628801.38‬‬ ‫‪886913.59‬‬ ‫‪741887.789‬‬

‫‪Reheater‬‬ ‫‪916320.0087‬‬ ‫‪748826.192‬‬ ‫‪167493.816‬‬
‫‪Condenser‬‬ ‫‪49151.99562‬‬ ‫‪10380.5965‬‬ ‫‪38771.3991‬‬
‫‪Heater 1‬‬ ‫‪11315.71475‬‬ ‫‪8876.28305‬‬ ‫‪2439.43169‬‬
‫‪Heater 2‬‬ ‫‪20833.97781‬‬ ‫‪18480.1999‬‬ ‫‪2353.77788‬‬
‫‪Heater 3‬‬ ‫‪30247.39213‬‬ ‫‪30013.3597‬‬ ‫‪234.032381‬‬
‫‪Heater 4‬‬ ‫‪40514.95293‬‬ ‫‪38071.7372‬‬ ‫‪2443.21572‬‬
‫‪Heater 5‬‬ ‫‪84227.68442‬‬ ‫‪80917.6796‬‬ ‫‪3310.00479‬‬
‫‪Heater 6‬‬ ‫‪143316.5548‬‬ ‫‪140646.285‬‬ ‫‪2670.26935‬‬
‫‪Heater 7‬‬ ‫‪202211.4037‬‬ ‫‪199040.863‬‬ ‫‪3170.54099‬‬

‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟـ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪= 1038134.85‬‬

‫‪ 5.2.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪:(Net Heat Rate‬‬

‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪ (Net HR‬ﯾﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻛﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﺳﻮاء ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﮫ أو‬
‫ﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻨﮫ واﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺨﺮ )‪ (Boiler‬أو ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ )‪:(Reheater‬‬

‫∑=‬ ‫∑ ‪(ℎ ) −‬‬ ‫) ‪(ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.23‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (17.3‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﺑﻮﺣﺪة )ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﻮل ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﯿﻠﻮ ﺟﺮام‬
‫ﻣﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪورة(‪:‬‬

‫إﯾﺠﺎد ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(15.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (15.3‬اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ‬

‫‪34‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪= 1 × (ℎ‬‬ ‫) ‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.24‬‬

‫)‪= 1 × (3306.874 − 1153.975‬‬

‫‪= 2152.8991‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(16.3‬‬

‫ﺷﻛل )‪ (16.3‬ﻣﻌﯾد اﻟﺗﺳﺧﯾن‬

‫‪= (1 −‬‬ ‫‪) × (ℎ‬‬ ‫) ‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.25‬‬

‫)‪= (1 − 0.1148) × (3523.099 − 2966.511‬‬

‫‪= 492.6995‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ھﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= 2152.8991 + 492.6995‬‬

‫‪= 2645.5986‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪ (Net HR‬ھﻮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪:‬‬

‫= ‪Net HR‬‬

‫‪2645.5986‬‬
‫= ‪Net HR‬‬ ‫‪= 2.1891‬‬
‫‪1208.5225‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺪورة )‪ (Ƞ‬ﻣﻘﻠﻮب ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪:(Net HR‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫=‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫)‪(3.26‬‬
‫‪Net HR‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪Ƞ%‬‬ ‫‪× 100 = 45.68 %‬‬
‫‪2.1891‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (3.3‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ وﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة واﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول )‪ (3.3‬ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Specific Work or Energy‬‬ ‫‪Power or Energy‬‬
‫) ‪( /‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪Reheater‬‬ ‫‪492.6995‬‬ ‫‪296053.297‬‬
‫‪Boiler‬‬ ‫‪2152.8991‬‬ ‫‪1293634‬‬
‫‪Turbine 1‬‬ ‫‪340.3636‬‬ ‫‪204517.668‬‬
‫‪Turbine 2‬‬ ‫‪357.4321‬‬ ‫‪214773.7888‬‬
‫‪Turbine 3‬‬ ‫‪548.8141‬‬ ‫‪329771.3874‬‬
‫‪Turbine total‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪749062.8442‬‬
‫‪Pump 1‬‬ ‫‪1.0107‬‬ ‫‪607.3242127‬‬
‫‪Pump 2‬‬ ‫‪37.0764‬‬ ‫‪22278.49128‬‬
‫‪Pump total‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪22885.81549‬‬
‫‪Net Gen O.p‬‬ ‫‪1208.5225‬‬ ‫‪726177.0287‬‬
‫‪Net HR‬‬ ‫‪2.1891‬‬ ‫‪2.189118127‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (4.3‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪.‬‬

‫[ﺟﺪول )‪ (4.3‬ﺧﻮاص اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫)℃(‬ ‫‪ℎ( /‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪( /‬‬ ‫)℃ ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪7.791076‬‬ ‫‪42.61‬‬ ‫‪177.1947‬‬ ‫‪0.608‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪42.44‬‬ ‫‪178.474‬‬ ‫‪0.604‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪74.28‬‬ ‫‪312.847‬‬ ‫‪1.006‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪101.33‬‬ ‫‪425.8906‬‬ ‫‪1.321‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪123‬‬ ‫‪520.7914‬‬ ‫‪1.56‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪142.44‬‬ ‫‪599.4102‬‬ ‫‪1.764‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪182.17‬‬ ‫‪776.791‬‬ ‫‪2.169‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪187.33‬‬ ‫‪813.8674‬‬ ‫‪2.172‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪212.5‬‬ ‫‪922.259‬‬ ‫‪2.404‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪262.78‬‬ ‫‪1153.975‬‬ ‫‪2.851‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪24235.07‬‬ ‫‪537.78‬‬ ‫‪3306.874‬‬ ‫‪6.156‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪5129.699‬‬ ‫‪314.56‬‬ ‫‪2966.511‬‬ ‫‪6.27‬‬
‫'‪12‬‬ ‫‪5129.699‬‬ ‫‪314.56‬‬ ‫‪2966.511‬‬ ‫‪6.27‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪4771.172‬‬ ‫‪537.78‬‬ ‫‪3523.099‬‬ ‫‪7.11‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪2116.69‬‬ ‫‪417.17‬‬ ‫‪3284.475‬‬ ‫‪7.16‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪328.44‬‬ ‫‪3111.723‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬
‫'‪15‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪328.44‬‬ ‫‪3111.723‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪417.8223‬‬ ‫‪223.94‬‬ ‫‪2909.849‬‬ ‫‪7.25‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪237.8691‬‬ ‫‪169.83‬‬ ‫‪2806.807‬‬ ‫‪7.29‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪128.932‬‬ ‫‪117.78‬‬ ‫‪2709.162‬‬ ‫‪7.33‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪47.02224‬‬ ‫‪79.82‬‬ ‫‪2565.369‬‬ ‫‪7.39‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪8.480551‬‬ ‫‪42.61‬‬ ‫‪2354.447‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪2356.766‬‬ ‫‪220.83‬‬ ‫‪947.845‬‬ ‫‪2.53‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪1418.941‬‬ ‫‪195.67‬‬ ‫‪834.3362‬‬ ‫‪2.29‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪281.3061‬‬ ‫‪131.33‬‬ ‫‪552.1924‬‬ ‫‪1.65‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪142.032‬‬ ‫‪109.67‬‬ ‫‪459.9665‬‬ ‫‪1.42‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪52.67595‬‬ ‫‪82.61‬‬ ‫‪346.3414‬‬ ‫‪1.11‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪12.82425‬‬ ‫‪50.78‬‬ ‫‪214.4572‬‬ ‫‪0.71‬‬

‫‪37‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ 3.3‬ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺿﻐﻮط اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‬

‫ﯾﮭﺪف ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع إﻟﻰ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺿﻐﻮط اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﻋﻠﻰ أداء اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻛﻔﺎءﺗﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺣﺴﺎب ﺿﻐﻮط اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﺮوﻗﺎت درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ وﻓﻖ اﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪.(∆T‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة )‬

‫(‬ ‫) ‪−‬‬
‫‪∆T‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(3.27‬‬
‫)‪( + 1‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (TB‬درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ أول ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ‪.Tsat‬‬

‫)‪ (TC‬درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ‪.Tsat‬‬

‫)‪ (n‬ﻋﺪد ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﺠﺪ أﻧﮫ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺤﺮج‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﺪد ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ‪.6‬‬

‫)‪(265.546 − 41‬‬
‫‪∆T‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫℃ ‪= 32.078‬‬
‫)‪(6 + 1‬‬

‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﺧﺮ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‪ ،‬وﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ‬
‫وھﻜﺬا‪.‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+ ∆T‬‬ ‫)‪(3.28‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 41 + 32.078 = 73.078‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 73.078 + 32.078 = 105.156‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 105.156 + 32.078 = 137.234‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫℃ ‪= 137.234 + 32.078 = 169.312‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 169.312 + 32.078 = 201.39‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 201.39 + 32.078 = 233.468‬‬

‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ھﺬه )‪ (Psat‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪= 2585.89‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 1397.66‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 686.62‬‬

‫‪= 298.722‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 111.14‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 33.7‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫واﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (5.3‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول )‪ (5.3‬درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة وﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‬

‫ﺧﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )℃(‬ ‫(‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ )‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪233.468‬‬ ‫‪2585.89‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪201.39‬‬ ‫‪1397.66‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪169.312‬‬ ‫‪686.62‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪137.234‬‬ ‫‪298.722‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪105.156‬‬ ‫‪111.14‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪73.078‬‬ ‫‪33.7‬‬

‫‪.(Isentropic Efficiency Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻷﯾﺰﻧﺘﺮوﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت )‪%‬‬

‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻷﯾﺰﻧﺘﺮوﺑﯿﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ إﯾﺠﺎد ﻗﯿﻢ )‪ (hs‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‪ ،‬وﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﯾﺠﺎدھﺎ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ دﺧﻮل اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻟﻜﻞ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ وﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰف‪.‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2900.06‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 3252.59‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 3057.05‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2883.62‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2768.06‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2658.03‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪39‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2496.6‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (29.3‬ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‪.‬‬

‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬ ‫)‪(3.29‬‬
‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬

‫‪3306.874 − 2966.511‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪3306.874 − 2900.06‬‬

‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪% = 83.67 %‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪.‬‬

‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬

‫‪3523.099 − 3284.475‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪3523.099 − 3252.59‬‬

‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪% = 88.21 %‬‬

‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬

‫‪3523.099 − 3111.723‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪3523.099 − 3057.05‬‬

‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪% = 88.27 %‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‪.‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬

‫‪3111.723 − 2909.849‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪3111.723 − 2883.62‬‬

‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪% = 88.5 %‬‬

‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬

‫‪3111.723 − 2806.807‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪3111.723 − 2768.06‬‬

‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪% = 88.73 %‬‬

‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬

‫‪3111.723 − 2709.162‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪3111.723 − 2658.03‬‬

‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪% = 88.73 %‬‬

‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪ℎ −ℎ‬‬

‫‪3111.723 − 2565.369‬‬
‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫=‪%‬‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪3111.723 − 2496.6‬‬

‫‪Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪% = 88.82 %‬‬

‫‪41‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ ‬إﯾﺠﺎد ﻗﯿﻢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻺﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‪.‬‬

‫‪ ،(ℎ = ℎ‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻻﯾﺰﻧﺘﺮوﺑﯿﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻼﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺣﯿﺚ )‬
‫)‪ ،(29.3‬وﻗﯿﻢ ) ‪ (ℎ‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﯾﺠﺎدھﺎ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ دﺧﻮل اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻟﻜﻞ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺔ وﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰف‪.‬‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻢ ) ‪ (ℎ‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2900.06‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 3314.7‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 3132.37‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2999.01‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2812.94‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2633.27‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2447.17‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪ (ℎ‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰاف ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (29.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻢ )‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= ℎ − [Ƞ‬‬ ‫]) ‪× (ℎ − ℎ‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=ℎ‬‬ ‫‪− [Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪× (ℎ‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫])‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫])‪= 3306.874 − [0.8367 × (3306.874 − 2900.06‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2966.511‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=ℎ‬‬ ‫‪− [Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪× (ℎ‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫])‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫])‪= 3523.099 − [0.8821 × (3523.099 − 3314.7‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 3339.264‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=ℎ‬‬ ‫‪− [Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪× (ℎ‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫])‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫])‪= 3523.099 − [0.8827 × (3523.099 − 3132.37‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 3178.207‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=ℎ‬‬ ‫‪− [Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪× (ℎ‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫])‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫])‪= 3111.723 − [0.885 × (3111.723 − 2999.01‬‬

‫‪42‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 3011.971‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=ℎ‬‬ ‫‪− [Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪× (ℎ‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫])‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫])‪= 3111.723 − [0.8873 × (3111.723 − 2812.94‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2846.627‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=ℎ‬‬ ‫‪− [Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪× (ℎ‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫])‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫])‪= 3111.723 − [0.8873 × (3111.723 − 2633.27‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2687.192‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪=ℎ‬‬ ‫‪− [Ƞ‬‬ ‫‪× (ℎ‬‬ ‫‪−ℎ‬‬ ‫])‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫])‪= 3111.723 − [0.8882 × (3111.723 − 2447.17‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 2521.465‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻼﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮاض أن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة )‪(Terminal Temperature Difference. TTD‬‬
‫وﻓﺮق درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ )‪ (Drain Cooler Approach. DCA‬ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫( ﺗﺴﺎوي )℃ ‪ (5.53‬ﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬وﺗﺴﺎوي )℃ ‪(2.76‬‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ )‬
‫( ﺗﺴﺎوي )℃ ‪ (8.33‬ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻨﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﯾﺠﺎد ﻗﯿﻢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻨﺎت‪ ،‬و )‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻼﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ‪.‬‬

‫واﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (17.3‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة )‪ ،(TTD‬وﻓﺮق درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ )‪.(DCA‬‬

‫‪43‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (17.3‬ﻣﺨﻄﻂ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‪(3.30‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‪(3.31‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ‪:‬‬

‫( درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰف‪ ( ) ،‬درﺟﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‪) ،‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﺣﺮارة ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ‪.‬‬

‫( ﻓﺮق درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ‪ ( ) ،‬درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰف ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ‪( ) ،‬‬ ‫)‬
‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (30.3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ‬
‫) (‪ ،‬وﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (31.3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰف‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻦ ) (‪.‬‬

‫وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ھﺬه‪ ،‬وھﻮ اﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ ) ‪.(ℎ‬‬

‫‪44‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ o‬ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻷول‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (30.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 73.078 − 5.53 = 67.548‬‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ℎ = 282.79‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (30.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 105.156 − 5.53 = 99.626‬‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ℎ = 417.589‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (31.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫℃‪= 67.548 + 8.33 = 75.878‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ )‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 317.713‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (30.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪45‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 137.234 − 2.76 = 134.474‬‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ℎ = 565.495‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (31.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫℃‪= 99.626 + 8.33 = 107.956‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ )‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 452.768‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (30.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 169.312 − 2.76 = 166.552‬‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ℎ = 704.009‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (31.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫℃‪= 134.474 + 8.33 = 0‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ )‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 601.198‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪46‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ o‬ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدس‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (30.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 233.468 − 2.76 = 230.708‬‬

‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ) ( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ℎ = 993.517‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪.‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (30.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫℃ ‪= 265.546 − 2.76 = 262.786‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ )‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 1148.86‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (31.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫℃‪= 230.708 + 8.33 = 239.038‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ )‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫‪= 1032.96‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫( ﻷن درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪ (2‬و)‪ (8‬ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ وﻣﻊ ﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫( و)‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أﻧﮫ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ )‪ (DCA‬ﺗﻜﻮن درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪.‬‬

‫‪47‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف وﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ واﻟﻘﺪرة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1.3.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(3.3‬‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪(1148.86 − 993.517‬‬ ‫‪155.343‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.08034‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪(2966.511 − 1032.96) 1933.551‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(4.3‬‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪(993.517 − 813.867) + 0.08034(834.336 − 1032.96‬‬
‫=‬
‫)‪(3339.264 − 834.336‬‬
‫‪163.692‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.06535‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2504.928‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(5.3‬‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪(776.791 − 704.009) + 0.08034(704.009 − 834.336‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(3178.207 − 704.009‬‬
‫)‪0.06535(704.009 − 834.336‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(3178.207 − 704.009‬‬
‫‪53.795‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.02174‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2474.198‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(6.3‬‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪(704.009 − 565.495) + 0.08034(565.495 − 704.009‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(3011.971 − 601.198‬‬
‫)‪0.06535(565.495 − 704.009) + 0.02174 (565.495 − 704.009‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(3011.971 − 601.198‬‬
‫‪115.322‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.04784‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2410.773‬‬

‫‪48‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(7.3‬‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪(565.495 − 417.589) + 0.08034(417.589 − 565.495‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2846.63 − 452.768‬‬

‫)‪0.06535(417.589 − 565.495) + 0.02174 (417.589 − 565.495‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2846.63 − 452.768‬‬
‫)‪0.04784(452.768 − 601.198‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2846.63 − 452.768‬‬
‫‪116.042‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.04847‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2393.859‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(8.3‬‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪(417.589 − 282.79) + 0.08034(282.79 − 417.589‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2687.19 − 317.713‬‬
‫)‪0.06535 (282.79 − 417.589) + 0.02174(282.79 − 417.589‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2687.19 − 317.713‬‬
‫)‪0.04784(317.713 − 452.768) + 0.04847 (317.713 − 452.768‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2687.19 − 317.713‬‬
‫‪99.222‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.04188‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2369.479‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻷول ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(9.3‬‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪(282.79 − 178.474) + 0.08034(178.474 − 282.79‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2521.47 − 214.457‬‬
‫)‪0.06535 (178.474 − 282.79) + 0.02174(178.474 − 282.79‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2521.47 − 214.457‬‬
‫)‪0.04784 (214.457 − 317.713) + 0.04847(214.457 − 317.713‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2521.47 − 214.457‬‬
‫)‪0.04188(214.457 − 317.713‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)‪(2521.47 − 214.457‬‬

‫‪49‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪72.582‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.03146‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2307.01‬‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(10.3‬‬

‫‪= (1 − 0.08034 − 0.06535 − 0.02174 − 0.04784 − 0.04847‬‬
‫)‪− 0.04188 − 0.03146‬‬
‫‪= 0.6629‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(11.3‬‬

‫)‪= (1 − 0.08034 − 0.06535 − 0.02174‬‬

‫‪= 0.83257‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ 2.3.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت‬

‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(13.3‬‬

‫=‬

‫])‪= (1 × 3306.874) − [(0.08034 × 2966.511) + ((1 − 0.08034) × 2966.511‬‬

‫‪= 340.3636‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(14.3‬‬

‫)‪= [(1 − 0.08034) × 3523.099] − [(0.06535 × 3339.264‬‬
‫)‪+ (0.02174 × 3178.207‬‬
‫] ‪+ (1 − 0.08034 − 0.06535 − 0.02174) × 3178.207‬‬

‫‪= 306.6585‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(15.3‬‬

‫‪= [(1 − 0.08034 − 0.06535 − 0.02174) × 3178.207] −‬‬

‫)‪−[(0.04784 × 3011.97) + (0.04847 × 2846.63) + (0.04188 × 2687.19‬‬

‫‪+ (0.03146 × 2521.465) +‬‬

‫‪+ (1 − 0.08034 − 0.06535 − 0.02174 − 0.04784 − 0.04847 − 0.04188‬‬

‫] ‪− 0.03146) × 2354.447‬‬

‫‪= 611.3368‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮر ﺑﯿﻨﺎت‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 340.3636 + 306.6585 + 611.3368 = 1258.3589‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪ 3.3.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬

‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺜﻒ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(17.3‬‬
‫)‪= (1 − 0.08034 − 0.06535 − 0.02174) × (178.474 − 177.1947‬‬

‫‪= 1.06511‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(18.3‬‬
‫)‪= 1 × (813.8674 − 776.791‬‬

‫‪= 37.0764‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.06511 + 37.0764 = 38.1415‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪51‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (19.3‬ﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪= 1258.3589 − 38.1415 = 1220.2174‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﯾﺘﻢ إﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(20.3‬‬

‫‪726171‬‬
‫̇‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 596.7454‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪1220.2174‬‬

‫وﺑﻀﺮب ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 4.3.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (21.3‬ﻹﯾﺠﺎد اﻻﻛﺴﯿﺮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (22.3‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﻗﺎم اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول )‪.(6.3‬‬

‫وﺑﻔﺮض أن درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ واﻟﻤﺨﺮج ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﺗﺰان اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ واﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺎوي ) ‪29560.33‬‬
‫‪.(kg/s‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (6.3‬اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬

‫‪Turbine 1‬‬ ‫‪880810.8135‬‬ ‫‪860527.975‬‬ ‫‪20282.8389‬‬

‫‪Turbine 2‬‬ ‫‪772611.8817‬‬ ‫‪761576.662‬‬ ‫‪11035.2195‬‬
‫‪Turbine 3‬‬ ‫‪517724.261‬‬ ‫‪476329.162‬‬ ‫‪41395.0988‬‬
‫‪Pump 1‬‬ ‫‪1615.304078‬‬ ‫‪1467.17372‬‬ ‫‪148.130358‬‬
‫‪Pump 2‬‬ ‫‪102486.0869‬‬ ‫‪101952.328‬‬ ‫‪533.758919‬‬
‫‪Boiler‬‬ ‫‪1617591.336‬‬ ‫‪880810.814‬‬ ‫‪736780.522‬‬
‫‪Reheater‬‬ ‫‪945425.9658‬‬ ‫‪772611.882‬‬ ‫‪172814.084‬‬
‫‪Condenser‬‬ ‫‪49354.49951‬‬ ‫‪10441.3777‬‬ ‫‪38913.1218‬‬
‫‪Heater 1‬‬ ‫‪8707.861‬‬ ‫‪6931.52432‬‬ ‫‪1776.33668‬‬
‫‪Heater 2‬‬ ‫‪21129.73919‬‬ ‫‪18518.4865‬‬ ‫‪2611.25269‬‬

‫‪52‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪Heater 3‬‬ ‫‪39171.56438‬‬ ‫‪36726.0544‬‬ ‫‪2445.51002‬‬

‫‪Heater 4‬‬ ‫‪59023.87388‬‬ ‫‪56970.2859‬‬ ‫‪2053.58798‬‬
‫‪Heater 5‬‬ ‫‪81837.13025‬‬ ‫‪80360.9157‬‬ ‫‪1476.21458‬‬
‫‪Heater 6‬‬ ‫‪160878.1201‬‬ ‫‪154766.282‬‬ ‫‪6111.83817‬‬
‫‪Heater 7‬‬ ‫‪194009.5497‬‬ ‫‪192285.013‬‬ ‫‪1724.53702‬‬

‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟـ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪= 1040102.05‬‬

‫‪ 5.3.3‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪.(Net Heat Rate‬‬

‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪ (Net HR‬ﯾﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻛﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﺳﻮاء ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﮫ أو‬
‫ﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻨﮫ واﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺨﺮ )‪ (Boiler‬أو ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ )‪:(Reheater‬‬

‫إﯾﺠﺎد ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺔ )‪.(24.3‬‬
‫)‪= 1 × (3306.874 − 1148.86‬‬

‫‪= 2158.0142‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫إﯾﺠﺎد ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﺨﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪.(25.3‬‬
‫)‪= (1 − 0.08034) × (3523.099 − 2966.511‬‬

‫‪= 511.8718‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ھﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‪:‬‬

‫‪= 2158.0142 + 511.8718 = 2669.886‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪ (Net HR‬ھﻮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪53‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫= ‪Net HR‬‬

‫‪2669.886‬‬
‫= ‪Net HR‬‬ ‫‪= 2.18804‬‬
‫‪1220.2174‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (26.3‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺪورة )‪ (Ƞ‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪Ƞ%‬‬ ‫‪× 100 = 45.703 %‬‬
‫‪2.18804‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (7.3‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ وﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة واﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول )‪ (7.3‬ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Specific Work or Energy‬‬ ‫‪Power or Energy‬‬
‫) ‪( /‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪Reheater‬‬ ‫‪511.8717727‬‬ ‫‪305457.1237‬‬
‫‪Boiler‬‬ ‫‪2158.014201‬‬ ‫‪1287785.039‬‬
‫‪Turbine 1‬‬ ‫‪340.3635801‬‬ ‫‪203110.3994‬‬
‫‪Turbine 2‬‬ ‫‪306.658498‬‬ ‫‪182997.0468‬‬
‫‪Turbine 3‬‬ ‫‪611.3368217‬‬ ‫‪364812.4337‬‬
‫‪Turbine total‬‬ ‫‪1258.3589‬‬ ‫‪750919.88‬‬
‫‪Pump 1‬‬ ‫‪1.065105388‬‬ ‫‪635.5967368‬‬
‫‪Pump 2‬‬ ‫‪37.07640029‬‬ ‫‪22125.17118‬‬
‫‪Pump total‬‬ ‫‪38.14150568‬‬ ‫‪22760.76791‬‬
‫‪Net Gen O.p‬‬ ‫‪1220.217394‬‬ ‫‪728159.1121‬‬
‫‪Net HR‬‬ ‫‪2.188‬‬ ‫‪2.188041235‬‬

‫‪54‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (8.3‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط‪.‬‬

‫[ﺟﺪول )‪ (8.3‬ﺧﻮاص اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫)℃(‬ ‫‪ℎ( /‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪( /‬‬ ‫)℃ ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪7.791076‬‬ ‫‪42.61‬‬ ‫‪177.1947‬‬ ‫‪0.603‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪42.44‬‬ ‫‪178.474‬‬ ‫‪0.604‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪74.28‬‬ ‫‪282.79‬‬ ‫‪0.922‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪101.33‬‬ ‫‪417.589‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪123‬‬ ‫‪565.495‬‬ ‫‪1.68‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪142.44‬‬ ‫‪704.009‬‬ ‫‪2.007‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪1054.898‬‬ ‫‪182.17‬‬ ‫‪776.791‬‬ ‫‪2.169‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪187.33‬‬ ‫‪813.8674‬‬ ‫‪2.172‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪212.5‬‬ ‫‪993.517‬‬ ‫‪2.554‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪29199.3‬‬ ‫‪262.78‬‬ ‫‪1148.86‬‬ ‫‪2.853‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪24235.07‬‬ ‫‪537.78‬‬ ‫‪3306.874‬‬ ‫‪6.156‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪5129.699‬‬ ‫‪314.56‬‬ ‫‪2966.511‬‬ ‫‪6.27‬‬
‫'‪12‬‬ ‫‪5129.699‬‬ ‫‪314.56‬‬ ‫‪2966.511‬‬ ‫‪6.27‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪4771.172‬‬ ‫‪537.78‬‬ ‫‪3523.099‬‬ ‫‪7.11‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪2585.89‬‬ ‫‪233.468‬‬ ‫‪3339.264‬‬ ‫‪7.144‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1397.66‬‬ ‫‪201.39‬‬ ‫‪3178.207‬‬ ‫‪7.18‬‬
‫'‪15‬‬ ‫‪1397.66‬‬ ‫‪201.39‬‬ ‫‪3178.207‬‬ ‫‪7.18‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪686.62‬‬ ‫‪169.312‬‬ ‫‪3011.971‬‬ ‫‪7.22‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪298.722‬‬ ‫‪137.234‬‬ ‫‪2846.627‬‬ ‫‪7.27‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪111.14‬‬ ‫‪105.156‬‬ ‫‪2687.192‬‬ ‫‪7.34‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪33.7‬‬ ‫‪73.078‬‬ ‫‪2521.465‬‬ ‫‪7.42‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪8.480551‬‬ ‫‪42.61‬‬ ‫‪2354.447‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪2356.766‬‬ ‫‪220.83‬‬ ‫‪1032.96‬‬ ‫‪2.669‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪1418.941‬‬ ‫‪195.67‬‬ ‫‪834.3362‬‬ ‫‪2.29‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪281.3061‬‬ ‫‪131.33‬‬ ‫‪601.198‬‬ ‫‪1.77‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪142.032‬‬ ‫‪109.67‬‬ ‫‪452.768‬‬ ‫‪1.396‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪52.67595‬‬ ‫‪82.61‬‬ ‫‪317.713‬‬ ‫‪1.026‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪12.82425‬‬ ‫‪50.78‬‬ ‫‪214.4572‬‬ ‫‪0.71‬‬

‫‪55‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬

‫ﯾﻠﺨﺺ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة‪ ،‬وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪−‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬ ‫)‪(4.1‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ‪:‬‬
‫( اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‬
‫( ھﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ وھﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﺼﻐﺮ‬ ‫)‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرھﺎ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫( ھﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﺨﻮاص‪.‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪ 1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫‪ 1.1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (1.4‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪%‬‬

‫‪HP. Turbine‬‬ ‫‪204517.668‬‬ ‫‪203110.3994‬‬ ‫‪− .‬‬

‫‪IP. Turbine‬‬ ‫‪214773.7888‬‬ ‫‪182997.0468‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪LP. Turbine‬‬ ‫‪329771.3874‬‬ ‫‪364812.4337‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪Total‬‬ ‫‪749062.8442‬‬ ‫‪750919.8799‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪56‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫واﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (1.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪400000‬‬

‫‪350000‬‬

‫‪300000‬‬

‫‪250000‬‬

‫‪364812.43‬‬
‫‪329771.39‬‬
‫‪200000‬‬
‫‪204517.67‬‬

‫‪203110.4‬‬

‫‪214773.79‬‬

‫‪182997.05‬‬
‫‪150000‬‬

‫‪100000‬‬

‫‪50000‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪HP Turbine‬‬ ‫‪IP Turbine‬‬ ‫‪LP Turbine‬‬
‫‪design‬‬ ‫‪modified‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت‬

‫واﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (2.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (2.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت‬

‫‪57‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ 2.1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (2.4‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪%‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪607.3242127‬‬ ‫‪635.5967368‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪22278.49128‬‬ ‫‪22125.17118‬‬ ‫‪− .‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬

‫‪Total‬‬ ‫‪22885.815‬‬ ‫‪22760.768‬‬ ‫‪− .‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (3.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺜﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪635.5967‬‬

‫‪640‬‬
‫‪630‬‬
‫‪607.3242127‬‬
‫‪620‬‬
‫‪610‬‬
‫‪600‬‬
‫‪590‬‬
‫‪580‬‬
‫‪570‬‬
‫‪design‬‬ ‫‪modified‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (3.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺜﻒ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (4.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﺗﯿﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪22278.49128‬‬
‫‪22400‬‬ ‫‪22125.17118‬‬

‫‪22200‬‬
‫‪22000‬‬
‫‪21800‬‬
‫‪21600‬‬
‫‪21400‬‬
‫‪21200‬‬
‫‪21000‬‬
‫‪design‬‬ ‫‪modified‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (4.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬

‫‪58‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫واﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (5.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (5.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬

‫‪ 3.1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (6.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪728159.1121‬‬
‫‪729000‬‬
‫‪728000‬‬ ‫‪726177.0287‬‬
‫‪727000‬‬
‫‪726000‬‬
‫‪725000‬‬
‫‪724000‬‬
‫‪723000‬‬
‫‪722000‬‬
‫‪721000‬‬
‫‪720000‬‬
‫‪design‬‬ ‫‪modified‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (6.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬

‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1.4‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪728159.112 − 726177.0287‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪× 100 = 0.27%‬‬
‫‪726177.0287‬‬

‫‪59‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ 4.1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪(Net HR‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (7.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪.(Net HR‬‬

‫‪2.189118127‬‬
‫‪2.19‬‬
‫‪2.18804124‬‬
‫‪2.189‬‬

‫‪2.188‬‬

‫‪2.187‬‬

‫‪2.186‬‬

‫‪2.185‬‬

‫‪2.184‬‬
‫‪design‬‬ ‫‪modified‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (7.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري‬

‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1.4‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪2.18804 − 2.18912‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪× 100 = −0.049%‬‬
‫‪2.18912‬‬

‫‪ 5.1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺪورة‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (8.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺪورة‪.‬‬

‫‪45.7029777‬‬
‫‪45.72‬‬
‫‪45.68049516‬‬
‫‪45.7‬‬

‫‪45.68‬‬

‫‪45.66‬‬

‫‪45.64‬‬

‫‪45.62‬‬

‫‪45.6‬‬
‫‪design‬‬ ‫‪modified‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (8.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺪورة‬

‫‪60‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1.4‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺪورة ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪45.703 − 45.6805‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪× 100 = 0.022%‬‬
‫‪45.6805‬‬

‫‪ 6.1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول )‪.(3.4‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (3.4‬اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫‪%‬‬
‫‪Turbine 1‬‬ ‫‪20423.3704‬‬ ‫‪20282.8389‬‬ ‫‪− .‬‬
‫‪Turbine 2‬‬ ‫‪13994.0115‬‬ ‫‪11035.2195‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Turbine 3‬‬ ‫‪38264.1971‬‬ ‫‪41395.0988‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Pump 1‬‬ ‫‪141.541244‬‬ ‫‪148.130358‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Pump 2‬‬ ‫‪537.457116‬‬ ‫‪533.758919‬‬ ‫‪− .‬‬
‫‪Boiler‬‬ ‫‪741887.789‬‬ ‫‪736780.522‬‬ ‫‪− .‬‬
‫‪Reheater‬‬ ‫‪167493.816‬‬ ‫‪172814.084‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Condenser‬‬ ‫‪38771.3991‬‬ ‫‪38913.1218‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Heater 1‬‬ ‫‪2439.43169‬‬ ‫‪1776.33668‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Heater 2‬‬ ‫‪2353.77788‬‬ ‫‪2611.25269‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Heater 3‬‬ ‫‪234.032381‬‬ ‫‪2445.51002‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Heater 4‬‬ ‫‪2443.21572‬‬ ‫‪2053.58798‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Heater 5‬‬ ‫‪3310.00479‬‬ ‫‪1476.21458‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Heater 6‬‬ ‫‪2670.26935‬‬ ‫‪6111.83817‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Heater 7‬‬ ‫‪3170.54099‬‬ ‫‪1724.53702‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪61‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (9.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (9.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (10.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺎت‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (10.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (11.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺨﻨﺎت‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (11.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺨﻨﺎت‬

‫‪62‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (12.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﻼﯾﺔ وﻣﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (12.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﻼﯾﺔ وﻣﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1.4‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪1040102.05 − 1038134.9‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪× 100 = 0.189%‬‬
‫‪1038134.9‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (13.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪1038134.85‬‬ ‫‪1040102.05‬‬

‫‪1040000‬‬

‫‪1035000‬‬

‫‪1030000‬‬

‫‪1025000‬‬

‫‪1020000‬‬

‫‪1015000‬‬

‫‪1010000‬‬
‫‪design‬‬ ‫‪modified‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (13.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬

‫‪63‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ 7.1.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1.4‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪596.7454 − 600.875‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪× 100 = −0.69%‬‬
‫‪600.875‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (14.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪600.875‬‬
‫‪605‬‬ ‫‪596.7454‬‬

‫‪600‬‬

‫‪595‬‬

‫‪590‬‬

‫‪585‬‬

‫‪580‬‬

‫‪575‬‬

‫‪570‬‬
‫‪design‬‬ ‫‪modified‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (14.4‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‬

‫‪ 8.1.4‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (4.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول )‪ (4.4‬اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪68.9730785‬‬ ‫‪47.943‬‬ ‫‪-30.49‬‬

‫‪23.3869597‬‬ ‫‪38.9961‬‬ ‫‪66.74‬‬

‫‪64‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫‪33.788302‬‬ ‫‪12.9746‬‬ ‫‪-61.6‬‬

‫‪15.8304773‬‬ ‫‪28.5461‬‬ ‫‪80.32‬‬

‫‪18.5749418‬‬ ‫‪28.9271‬‬ ‫‪55.73‬‬

‫‪21.0579073‬‬ ‫‪24.9888‬‬ ‫‪18.67‬‬

‫‪24.023189‬‬ ‫‪18.7745‬‬ ‫‪-21.85‬‬

‫‪ 2.4‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪث ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪرة ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ (1.407 MW‬وﻗﺪرة ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ (31.78 MW‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ زادت ﻗﺪرة‬
‫ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ (35.041 MW‬ﻟﯿﻜﻮن اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﯿﻨﺎت ﻗﺪ زاد‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ ،(1.86 MW‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺜﻒ ﻗﺪ زادت ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ) ‪28.27‬‬
‫‪ (kW‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﻗﺪرة ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ (153.32 kW‬ﻟﯿﻜﻮن اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت ﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ ،(125.05 kW‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ زاد ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ) ‪1.98‬‬
‫‪.(MW‬‬

‫وﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺣﺪوث ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ (1.97 MW‬وھﻮ ﺷﻲء إﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟـ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﺔ )‪ ،(Boiler‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ )‪ ،(741.888 MW‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﻗﻞ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟـ اﻟﻼ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺜﻒ‬
‫)‪ ،(Pump 1‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ )‪.(141.5 kW‬‬

‫اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ أدت إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮاري )‪ (Net HR‬ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪،(0.00108‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺰداد ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺪورة ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪.(0.0225%‬‬

‫وﺗﻐﯿﺮت اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪورة ﺣﯿﺚ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ ،(4.13 kg/s‬ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﺖ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﺠﺪول )‪ (5.4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫ﺟﺪول )‪ (5.4‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﺔ )‪(kg/s‬‬

‫‪-21.03‬‬

‫‪15.61‬‬

‫‪-20.81‬‬

‫‪12.72‬‬

‫‪10.35‬‬

‫‪3.93‬‬

‫‪-5.25‬‬

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