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Water Supplies and Fire Pump Calculation PDF
Water Supplies and Fire Pump Calculation PDF
Water Supplies and Fire Pump Calculation PDF
CENTRIFUGAL
CENTRIFUGAL
IN-LINE PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL
END SUCTION
A SINGLE SUCTION PUMP HAVING ITS SUCTION NOZZLE ON THE
OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE CASING FROM THE STUUFING BOX AND HAVING THE
FACE OF THE SUCTION NOZZLE PERPENDICULAR TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS
OF THE SHAFT.
TYPES OF PUMPS
CENTRIFUGAL
VERTICAL SHAFT TURBINE PUMP
• Electric Motor
• Diesel Engine DRIVERS
• Steam Turbine
FIRE PUMP COMPONENTS
THE SUCTION SIDE OF A FIRE PUMP IS THE SIDE CONNECTED TO THE WATER
SUPPLY. THE DISCHARGE SIDE OF A FIRE PUMP IS THE SIDE TO WHICH THE
SPRINKLER OR STANDPIPE SYSTEM IS CONNECTED TO RECEIVE
PRESSURIZED WATER FROM THE PUMPS.
FIRE PUMP TEST HEADER WITH TEST VALVES OR TEST LINES WITH
FLOW METER AND PRESSURE GAUGE RETURNING TO THE WATER
TANK IS REQUIRED ON THE DISCHARGE SIDE OF THE PUMP TO
SIMULATE THE RATED FLOW AND PRESSURE OF THE FIRE PUMP AND
COMPARE THE TEST RESULTS TO THE LISTED CAPACITY/RATING OF
THE PUMP.
TEST LINE RETURNING TO TANK
PRESSURE GAUGE
FLOW METER
HYDRANTS
CISTERNS
ALL PIPES AND OPENINGS INTO THE TANK SHALL BE FITTED WITH DEVICE/S OR
PROVISIONS TO PREVENT INGRESS OF INSECTS
SUPPLEMENTAL COMPONENTS
JOCKEY PUMP - A SMALL PUMP THAT BOOSTS THE STATIC PRESSURE WITHIN THE
PIPING SYSTEM WHEN THE FIRE PUMP IS NOT RUNNING.
SEPARATE FUEL LINE AND SEPARATE FUEL SUPPLY TANK FOR EACH ENGINE
CONTROLLERS
ENGINE RUNNING
FLOW
TOTAL HEAD
POWER
SPEED
PUMP AFFINITY LAWS
D1 = Q1 = √H1
D2 Q2 √H2
BHP1 = D1³
BHP2 D2³
WHERE :
D = IMPELLER DIAMETER
H = HEAD
Q = FLOW
N = PUMP SPEED
BHP = BRAKE HORSEPOWER
*** Subscript 1 denotes the original design and 2
for the new design condition
PUMP AFFINITY LAWS
N1 = Q1 = √H1
N2 Q2 √H2
WHERE :
D = IMPELLER DIAMETER
H = HEAD
Q = FLOW
N = PUMP SPEED
BHP = BRAKE HORSEPOWER
*** Subscript 1 denotes the original design and 2
for the new design condition
PUMP SELECTION
PUMPS ARE SELECTED TO FIT THE SYSTEM DEMANDS ON THE BASIS OF THREE KEY
POINTS RELATIVE TO THEIR RATED FLOW AND RATED PRESSURE.
A FIRE PUMP CURVE IS BASED UPON ITS RATED POINT, X-GPM AT Y-PSI.
THREE (3) RATING POINTS ON THE FIRE PUMP CURVE:
Shut Off
(1.4) (Y-PSI)
Overload
DETERMINE THE FIRE PUMP CURVE FOR A PUMP RATED AT 500 GPM @ 60 PSI
120
110
PUMP SHUTOFF PRESSURE
100 @ ZERO FLOW:
RE (PSI)
(1.4) Y = 84 PSI
90 FIRE PUMP RATED CAPACITY
X-GPM = 500 GPM
80 Y PS1 = 60 PSI
Y-PS1
PRESSUR
THE PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN THE WATER SUPPLY AND THE SYSTEM DEMAND
DETERMINES WHETHER THE AVAILABLE PRESSURE ON A SUPPLY LINE, SUCH AS AN
EXISTING FIRE WATER SYSTEM NETWORK,
NETWORK CITY WATER SUPPLY,
SUPPLY IS CAPABLE OF MEETING
SYSTEM DEMAND.
WHERE:
PD = PRESSURE AT DESIRED FLOW, PSI
PS = THE STATIC TEST PRESSURE,, PSI
PR = THE RESIDUAL TEST PRESSURE, PSI
QD = DESIRED FLOW OR SYSTEM DEMAND, IN GPM
QT = RESIDUAL TEST FLOW ASSOCIATED WITH THE RESIDUAL
TEST PRESSURE, IN GPM
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #1:
SOLUTION:
PD = PD – PR
= 42.3 – 50
PD = - 7.7 psi
N.B. PD MUST BE POSITIVE SUCH THAT THE WATER SUPPLY EXCEEDS THE SYSTEM DEMAND. IN
THIS CASE THE SPRINKLER SYSTEM CANNOT BE SUPPLIED FROM THE EXISTING WATER
NETWORK, UNLESS THE PRESSURE DEMAND IS MODIFIED OR LOWERED.
120
110
100
RE (PSI)
90
80 PSI STATIC SYSTEM DEMAND
80
PRESSUR
“THE
THE COMBINED CURVE OF A FIRE PUMP AND EXISTING WATER SUPPLY IS
DETERMINED BY SIMPLY ADDING THEM”.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE # 2:
A FIRE PUMP IS RATED AT 500 GPM AT 60 PSI. SHUT OFF POINT IS AT 140%. THE
CITY SUPPLY HAS BEEN TESTED TO BE 30 PSI STATIC,
STATIC 15 PSI RESIDUAL,
RESIDUAL WITH 900
GPM FLOWING. THE SPRINKLER SYSTEM DEMAND IS 550 GPM AT 78 PSI.
DETERMINE THE COMBINED PUMP/CITY SUPPLY CURVE, AND THE PRESSURE
DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN THE COMBINED SUPPLY AND THE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
DEMAND.
SOLUTION:
DETERMINE THE PRESSURE AVAILABLE AT THE CITY SUPPLY AT THE THREE FIRE
PUMP RATING POINTS (0 GPM, 500 GPM, 750 GPM FLOWS):
ADD THE PUMP SUPPLY AND AVAILABLE PRESURE AT CITY SUPPLY TO GET THE
COMBINED PRESSURE:
160
150
140
120
110
60 PSI + 24.9 PSI = 84.9 PSI
E (PSI)
100 84 PSI
90
PRESSURE
60
50
30 PSI STATIC 750 GPM @ 39 PSI
40 500 GPM @ 60 PSI
30
20
GIVEN :
RATED FLOW = 1100/1.5 = 733.3 GPM, SPECIFY NEXT STANDARD PUMP SIZE 750 GPM
FROM PUMP CURVE, 147 % OF RATED CAPACITY PRODUCES 67% OF RATED HEAD
50,05 PSI
51.59 PSI,,
67% OF RATED PRESSURE
50.05 PSI
140
130
120
.
1100 GPM @ 85.59 PSI
.
110 92.4 PSI
.
E (PSI)
100
.
750
50 G
GPM @ 77 PSI
S
.
90
PRESSURE
80 70 PSI STATIC
.
70 1100 GPM @ 51.6 PSI
60
.
50
40
30
750 GPM @ 52.275
52 275 PSI
20
THE ESTIMATED WATER DEMAND FOR SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAMS IS 1400 GPM @ 90 PSI.
THE SUCTION SUPPLY IS A GROUND LEVEL STORAGE TANK,
TANK AND THE MINIMUM INLET GAUGE
PRESSURE IS 0 PSI AT MAXIMUM FLOW. DETERMINE THE REQUIRED RATED CAPACITY AND
PRESSURE OF THE PUMP.
STEP 1. MEET THE DEMAND OF 1400 GPM WITH THE MAX. CAPACITY OF THE PUMP, WHICH IS
150% OF RATED CAPACITY,
USING THE SAMPLE PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVE IN SUCCEEDING PAGE, CHOSING THE 13 “
IMPELLER PUMP, THE PRESSURE RATING OF THE PUMP AT 1000 GPM IS 290 FT (125.57 PSI).
AT 140% CAPACITY, THE PRESSURE RATING IS 243 FT (105.22 PSI).
THUS AT THE DEMAND FLOW (1400 GPM) AND PRESSURE (90 PSI) THE PUMP IS OPERATING
AT 71.67 % OF ITS RATED PRESSURE (90/125.57 X 100); OR
THEREFORE: THE PUMP RATING SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 1000 GPM @ 125.57 ≈ 126 PSI.
NOTE: THIS PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVE WAS FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY. THIS DOES
NOT SUGGEST THAT THE PUMP IS THE MOST IDEAL AND ECONOMICAL ONE TO USE. THERE
COULD BE PUMP WITH THE MOST IDEAL CURVE.
243 FT (105.22
(105 22 PSI)
0.35 P = P’ – 0.65 P
0.5 Q 1.5 Q – QQ’
WHERE :
P = RATED PRESSURE
Q = RATED CAPACITY
P’ = MINIMUM AVALABLE PRESSURE AT CAPACITY Q’
*** DEMAND FOR SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAMS : 1400 GPM @ 90 PSI.
*** CAPACITY AND PRESSURE RATING OF THE PUMP : 1000 GPM @ 126 PSI
0.35 P = P’ – 0.65 P
0.5 Q 1.5 Q – Q’
WHERE :
P = RATED PRESSURE = 126 PSI
Q = RATED CAPACITY = 1000 GPM
P’ = MINIMUM DEMAND/AVAILABLE PRESSURE AT CAPACITY
Q’ = DEMAND CAPACITY = 1400 GPM
Q
CHECK IF P’ MEETS THE PRESSURE REQUIREMENT AT DEMAND FLOW (WHICH IS
90 PSI)
0.35 (126) = P’ – (0.65 X 126)
0.5 (1000) 1.5(1000) – 1400
44.1 = P’ – 81.9
500 1500 – 1400
P’ = 90.72 PSI
*** DEMAND FOR SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAMS : 1400 GPM @ 90 PSI.
PSI
*** CAPACITY OF THE PUMP : 1000 GPM @ ______ PSI
0.35 P = P’ – 0.65 P
0.5 Q 1.5 Q – Q’
WHERE :
P = RATED PRESSURE = ??? PSI
Q = RATED CAPACITY = 1000 GPM
P’ = MINIMUM AVAILABLE PRESSURE = 90 PSI
Q’ = DEMAND CAPACITY = 1400 GPM
0.35 P = 90 – 0.65 P
500 1500 – 1400
35 P = 45,000 – 325 P
360 P = 45
45,000
000
ALSO,
BHP = 5.83 QP
10,000 X E
OR
BHP = QP/1710 X E
WHERE:
Q = FLOW, IN GPM
P = PRESSURE OR TOTAL HEAD, IN PSI
E = EFFICIENCY
SOLUTION:
STEP 3. BY FORMULA,
BHP = QP/1710 X E
= (1100)(51.59)/1710 X 0.65
BHP = 51 HP
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE # 5:
BHP = 51 HP
MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
CIVIL DEFENSE DEPARTMENT
QATAR
FUEL SUPPLY REQUIREMENT
Fire pump system when started by pressure drop should be arranged as follows:
a) The jockey pump stop point should equal the pump churn pressure plus the
minimum static supply pressure.
b) The jockey pump start point should be at least 10 psi (0.68 bar) less than the
jockey pump stop point.
c) The fire pump start point should be 5 psi (0.34 bar) less than the jockey pump
startt po
sta point.
t Use 10
0 ps
psi (0
(0.68
68 ba
bar)) increments
c e e ts for
o eac
each add
additional
t o a pu
pump.
p
d) Where minimum run timers are provided the pump will continue to operate after
attaining these pressures. The final pressures should not exceed the pressure rating
of the system.
y
e) Where the operating differential of pressure switches does not permit these
settings, the settings should be as close as equipment will permit. The settings should
be established by pressures observed on test gauges.
f) Examples of fire pump settings follow:
1. Pump: 1000 gpm, 100 psi pump withn churn pressure of 115 psi
2. Suction supply : 50 psi from city – minimum static; 60 psi from city –
maximum static
3. Jockey pump stop = 115 psi + 50 = 165 psi
FIRE PUMP SETTING……….
g) Where minimum run timers are provided, the pumps will continue to operate at
churn pressure beyond the stop setting. The final pressures should not exceed the
pressure rating of the system components.
4. SPACING OF SPRINKLERS
From NFPA_13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
Non-combustible
225 (20.9)
Obstructed and
Unobstructed
200 (18.6) 15 (4.57) 130 (12.0) 15 (4.57) 100 (9.3) 12 (3.6)
For pipe
Combustible
schedule
unobstructed
Combustible
168 (15.6) 15 (4.57) 130 (12.0) 15 (4.57) 100 (9.3) 12 (3.6)
obstructed
Legend:
SSU – Sprinkler Standard Upright (K-factor = 5.6 gpm/psi ; 8.0 lpm/kpa)
SSP – Sprinkler Standard Pendent (K-factor = 5.6 gpm/psi ; 8.0 lpm/kpa)
Table 4-7.2: Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard Sidewall Spray Sprinkler)
Ordinary Hazard
Light Hazard
Non-combustible Non-combustible
Combustible or Limited Combustible or Limited
Finish combustible Finish combustible
Finish Finish
Maximum distance
14 ft (4.3 m) 14 ft (4.3 m) 10 ft (3.0 m) 10 ft (3.0 m)
along the wall
Maximum room
12 ft (3.7 m) 14 ft (4.3 m) 10 ft (3.0 m) 10 ft (3.0 m)
width (L)
Maximum
120 ft2 (11.1 m2) 196 ft2 (18.2 m2) 80 ft2 (7.4 m2) 100 ft2 (9.3 m2)
protection area
5. PIPE SIZING SCHEDULE
Steel Copper
The required residual pressure at the highest, most remote fire department valve outlet at the required flow rate.
The frictional losses of fittings, valves and lengths of piping in the flow path, adding the friction of subsequent flowing
standpipes from the most remote outlet back to the source fire pump.
The static elevation pressure of the most remote outlet’s location (2.31 ft. = 0.434 psi).
The required residual pressure varies with the codes in question. For example, the requirements are 25 psi in New York, 65
psi in Chicago and 100 psi for the International Building Code and International Fire Code. The 100 psi requirement appears
in NFPA 14, the Standpipe Installation Standard.
The piping design layout influences the frictional losses. The Building Code may dictate requirements for the piping layout,
especially as the building’s overall height increases, resulting in the need for multiple zones.
The estimated discharge pressure for the system is established at the pump’s discharge flange. The estimated gallons per
minute flow rate required for the system’s supply is determined using the required pressure. The duty point or “Primary
Rating Point” of the fire pump expresses the overall system’s 100% Q (flow rate) at 100% P (pressure) requirements.
This is the design point on the pump curve that is normally used to select and specify the fire pump model and the
horsepower.
NFPA 20 prescribes two additional points that must be met on the fire pump curves.
The “Secondary Rating Point” of 150% Q at 65% P expresses the conditions at the normal fire pump test flow point.
The “Shut-Off” condition of 0% Q at 120 to 140% P expresses the pump’s discharge pressure at no flow.
All fire pumps listed for fire protection service must have performance curves that meet these three curve conditions. Fire
pumps are generally selected within a range of 90% to 130% of the primary rating point of a given pump capacity. As an
example, a 750-gpm pump might be selected and utilized for a demand of between 675 gpm and 975 gpm, but once the
primary rating point of the next size pump is reached, the larger pump should be selected.
Once a fire pump is selected from a specific manufacturer’s curve, other important system design points can be evaluated.
Plotting the fire pump’s performance curve on a graph of the project’s water flow test data allows for the prediction of the
system’s
t ’ maximum
i churn
h pressure.
According to NFPA 20, the “Shut-Off”condition pressure, plus the water supply static pressure, should not exceed 175 psi for
single-zone sprinkler/standpipe systems and 350 psi in multiple-zone systems.