Cepuja MHHYC, Beoipad Krouta 2/1995 . MHHYC saitucu, 6p.1 B. Anbyc O| PAMCKHX ITYTEBA 0 CABPEMEHHX AYTOCTPAJIA \V. Andus: From Roman to modern Highways in Serbia This article presents a short history of roads development in Serbia, from Roman to modem times. Three historical periods are focused: Roman, Mediaeval and the first half of the 20th century. Roman roads in Serbia were the part of extensive road network with 275 000 kms built from 4th century B.C. to the fall of Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D. Roads in Mediaeval Serbia relate to the historical period from 10th to 15th century. Establishing the Ministry of Civil Engineering in Principality of Serbia in 1862 was the starting point of modern road network development. The article presents the road network development in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of ‘Yugoslavia up to 1930. 1. YBOX Ucropujcku Kopenm nyrior wwxkeHepcrea crapH cy Bune on 5000 roguua. TIpse nyrese yonek je wacieyHO OR XKHBOTHIbA Koje cy CBOjAM PCHOBHHM OJ/IACKOM Ha BOY WIM MPHPOAHUM cenerem crBapane yraGaHe ‘Tparone u craze. Ta mpsu myrenH, Mebyrum, OWIK cy HecaecHO crwapaiH C jenHHMM mHZLeM ja ce saqoBoe ocHoBHe xuBOTHE dynKmje. Tex KactHje, Kajla je Hcmurrao cBojy HeuOCpeMHy OKONMHY, IpeHCTOpHjckKH YORCK ce ynYTHO Ja HCTpaxyje Habe o Bor cranumrra. Tako os1a3H Y KONTAKT ca cyceqHMa, Ha je ceecuo rpaene nytesa mocrano ocion jamer pasnoja um oncranKa nupumrsaquje. [IpexoMHm TpeHyTak y TOM pawnojy mpencrawLa nponasiasaKk TOUKa, 3a KOjM Huje MocTojao ysop y mpupomy. Buia je To npsa wemHKa NopeKosa nloScna Ha nony TexHuKe. Towak je mpsH YT ynorpeGmeH y ‘Meconoramnja cpemunom IV ManeMujyMa pe .<. Paspojem TpropuHe (opmupajy ce mpBd MYTHH npaBNM KOjH cy Mosesupand pasmmTa nonpysja jenHor KONTHHeHTa WIM, 4aK, M BHIIE xouranenata. His Tor najcrapajer nepuona noanara cy “Tyr cawie” Koja ce mporesao ox Kune jo LUpnor a Cpeyosemuor mopa a "janrapcK 3) Tip Bojo AHBYC, suns. rpab, wwe. Peroni nporpecop Tpabeaxncxordpayarera Yunscpawrera y Beorpany ‘Karenpa sa nyrene w acpoxpoue, 11000 BEOTPAJL Byn. Pesonyuije 73 19(hwmGapcxs) nyresH” Koja cy ce uporesanH on JanpanicKor # Cpenosemnor no Bantusxor a Cenepnor Mopa, TH 1YTeBH Hcy GH jacHo ocpopMxeHH, aH ce Ha KMMa Moria O6aBIaTH pasMeHa WOGapa, Majla Y3 BHCOK CTelIeH pusHka To COnCTBEHH 2KHBOT H HMOBHHT. Tipapu samax y paswojy nyrorpanibe Hactaje c HojaBoM BeNHKHX BNanapa ocnajava M CHaXCILEM aNTHYKEX IMBHIHIANIHja, Kaya je KOHATHO cxRahcH 3Hatiaj MyTHOr caoGpahaja, Kako Ca cravoBuurTa BOjil0-ONHTHIKe MOhH TaKO M no ypyurrseno exonomckum MepwtuMa. H3 Tor nepHoya nosHaTH cy "Kpanescxu nyt" y Tepcuja, asrpaben 3a apeme JTapuja I, kao a wysena "Ilyr 3a mponecuje", usrpaben y Baswiowy 3a Bpeme Bajabune HaGyKopoHocopa. To je, MebyrHM, nepuon y Kome je Banxancko nonyocrpso, w2ysen Tpuxe, wana TexHnITa jorabaja H pasnoja NMBMTHZANUje, Ha crora H Hema sHa4ajMNX TpaypTeT.ckKMX OYXRATA Ha HalLLHM Npocropuma. 2 PHMCKH ITYTEBH HA THY CPBHJE Tloce6xo mecto y pa3Bojy NyTorpamse npunaya Nepmoyy cHaxera umpersa Pamckor mapersa Ha Try Enpone, Asnje a Adpuxe. Moves on, usrpamse wyBene "Via Appia*-e (oKo 312. r. upe #.c.), Koja je nona on Puma no Bpungisuja, ua yo IV neka We. mpexa nyrena pamckor mapcrna oGyxparata je oxo 75 000 km nyrera mpror peja # OKO 200 000 km nyrera Hwxer patra. AKo ce He Moxe pehH KO je OTKPHO NYT, Hoy3jaHo ce Moxe ‘TRPANTH ja Cy MPeOKY HyTeRa CTBOPHNH PHMIbANH: HLEXOBH CHIOPH, KOHSY.IN, Bojckosohe w sojummm. Y Pumy je rpaheme nyrena Guo npaopaspenum RpXabHH sajlarax, a eipkacHe wojHe M Upumpene mere MeTpomone ca MPOBHENHjaMa IPY>KAlle Cy CHTYPAH OCTOHAN 3a ROHO-TONATHIKY, CKOHOMCKY ¥ KYNTYDHY JOMHHaNHjy Pama Hay MopoGmeHAM HapormMa. Ovaj TpayMosHH TPAayWTENcKH NoMyxBatT 610 je MoryhHo ocTRapHTH saxnanyjyhm uBpcroj HeHTpatHO} BAACTH K HOMETHNKOM jeNMHcTRY, ya MepMaltenTHO anraxoBaiLe BOjHMX jeMMMMYa M HOpOGReHNX Hapona Ha HSrpamEH NyTHe Mpexe. TuMe je euMMaMIHCaL! NpOGHIeM HesaOCHeHOCTH, KAKO CTAHOBNHINTAA TAKO jour RHIC BojcKe, Koja HH y KOM cyvajy H HHKaa HHje cMena OHTH Heaariociena. Tpaberse mM exciioaranuja Te Mpexe nyresa ocrRapmpanu cy 110 jemmucrecHoM cuctemy # crporo jleqpHHHcaHHM TexHHIKEM mpanymMa. TIpu Tom cy Gun yrephenm cranmaply KiacuuKanuje nytena m cucreMH KONOBO3HHX KOHCTpykuwja Koje cy ce MpHMeHMBaye Ha HuMal. M3 opor Mepuoga uoTuve a H3peka "CaM nyTeBH Bone Y Pum", jep je jpaecer ener UYTHAX npapatia HapcTBa HoWMILATO y PAMY, THe Ce HasIAsHO H HY NTH (aaTHH) MIEOKaS Of{ KOA je MepeHa YjazeHocr. 1) Bek 450. mpe me. (Pacey saxom 12 raGnmna) wanpuicua je xnacadpwaiaje myrees na octosy Mucxoxe mupae w 70: * memauKa crasa (semita) ox 1 croue (30 cm); crass s4 xovsa w newsaxa (er) 03 3 croue (90 om), * jexnorpasmm myr (actus) on 4 crome (120 cm); + aporpasui ny? (via) OX MAK. 8 croua (240 cm): Oma) nyr je Guo cTauRapyisonas a 12 crOna (G60.cm) cana ce upyacao mpanuy, a ua 18 crona (540 cm) KOR iran Tpace.Cauxa 1. - Mperca najauaajruijux puucrux iyilesa na iodpysiy Baaxaneko? toayocitipea (Gpuaatobeno tipema A. Birku wH. Hitzeru) Ha noypysiy janaumse CpGnje pumcxu rpaywremu nyresa cy wckasamH BeOMa BEJKY AKTHBHOCT, HOceGHO Y HepHONY Wpeiba PHMCKOr NapcrBa Ha Vicrox 3a ppeme Asrycra, Knayjuja, TuOepuja, a wapoauro Tpajana mu Xanpujana. Ha cma 1 npuxasana je mpexa Tnannux pHMCKHX nyTena Ha uonpysiy Bakaicxor nomyocrpsa ca xoje ce MOKE YONMTH fla Ce rnapin kopuyopa (Cascxu, [lywapckm, Mopapcka) 43 Tor mepHoja noKslatajy ca NAHALLILOM MPCoKOM F1ABHHX EBPOIICKHX MYTeBA Ha OBOM NOApy4jy. Taasnu yt apyskao ce as Cany « Jlynan Tpajanonom Tpacom jo yma ‘Tumoxa w 70 Lipnor Mopa. Pumsbaita cy noce6uo 106po youusH 3Hattaj Cape H Jlynana 2a Mebynapoym caoGpahaj, ua cy wa JlyHaby mpokonanH kana of 3,5 xm [9] a o6uby uparose Bepyaticke Ksucype, a OCMM Tora Cy CpIICKOM crpavom carpayyum « uyr nosHar no MMeHy caMor TpajaHa. Taj nyr je O40 NeHOM yoeveH y CreHy, a eNOM Ban Creve MpoMIApeH cHlensjamioM jpaeHoM. 21Komtotpykiiujom. TIpeko Llynana, y Grusuun Typ Cepepuna, Guo je carpahen MocT, TiO 1HaHOBEMa CLaBHOF rpajuTen.a Anoioqopa’. On Beorpapa je nona3uaa rapa cao6pahajua aprepuja ka Llaparpany no Kocronua ja 61 ce Ty patmana: jean xpax je uilao Muiasckom jlomHHOM, a TpYTM wecioM OGatoM Mopare. Ga opa Kpaka cmajana cy ce Koy faHannbe Mespebe u onanne Ka ‘Bynpuja, ua u upexo Paxna, Bosna a CoKoOare yo Huia. Ox Hania cy monaswa 4eTapH nyTa: Ka Lapurpany, xa Cxanpy, ka Conyny a npexo Tumoxa y JlomTlananky, yananma Byrapcxa [9]. To mamneny C. Hopakositha (9] ox Beorpaya je Bono jour jean paMcky nyt mpexo Bapajena ua Pynumk, a onate jomMHom MOpa a Pauke y TIpuspen. Moxe ce sakmy4uTH na je CpOuja y nepuony on I 70 V Beka Gusta HOKpuBeHa rycToM MPe:KOM PHMCKHX nyTeRa. vie = ony pena [ repeny ey Caura 2. ~ Ciaandapduu dolpernu tpopuau na punckoj mpexu tiyiiesa Pucks nyTesH cy Tpacupanu Hajkpahum noresuMa, Takopehx 10 paso} AMHHjA, a MpeycrassaiH cy M KOCTyp Opranuszaiyije ykyuue TepHTopHje; Ha ocnopy npabna mpyxkaita nyTa je cuposohena « KoMaCanija 3eMbuLLITa. 360r ‘Tora PHMCKH NYTeBM YeCTO HHCY GHsIM ycKNaben ¢ MpHpomtOM cpemHHOM (yceun m Hacumu « upeKo 15 m BucHHe). OBaj nappapcKH osioc upema MpHpOT Mpencrassbao je w3pas MOM H cary jenne TBHIMZaNMje Koja je ecpaKacHocT nyTior cao6pahaja cras.ama uswayl CBHX ApyHX TexHH"KHX Ipanuqatia, His Tor nepwoja cy OcTanM jparonenH Matepyjanim yoKasH yMcha pHMCKHX TpaMiTesba, Mpe cBera MeOMMNe MYTeRA, MOCTOBH, BUjaYKTH K TYHETM KOM Halac woasMBajy yoxuhere KOR cappemenux rparena uyrepa, Toce6Ho MMIPeCHBHO Jeuyjy KonOROSHe KONCTpyKuMje HajsHavajuMjAX IYTHEX Mpapama, 2) Mocr mpexo J[ynana mrpebeu je 104. rox. upe we, 8 no ommey caMor rpaxierensa [8] MocT je wouao xBanecer cryGoua "EOja EY HOCTARACHE Y BAPOBKTO) BORN Ka My:KeRITTOM TAY jep TOK pexe je Gu.n0 woryhe cxpenyral™ 2Koje cy nocrasane je6nuue vehe on 1 m. Ha came 2. npukasann cy cramiapaM THHOBK ToNpewMAX Mporpicta pHMCKHX myTeRA ca jeTamuMa xonoposHe Koucrpyxutnje. Pucks rpayrrena nyresa oGoraTunu cy rpabenuicky mpakcy Moran auonanyyjama, Meby xojuna cy wajsnavajimje: pmmiecnojne Kononoane KOnCTpYKNNjé Of KaMcHa, ILBYHKa HlecKa, Ipowailasak HeMEHTHOE BEMBA H MpuMena Getona, MyTHe ApeHaxe M KallamH 3a OMBoTbaBaluc. Caspemenum TpauTenuMa HyTeBa jaHac je Y MOAcBECTH MaKcuMa PHNCKHX TPamNTE TA "Memento Aqua” ("cera ce Bone"), Koj cy jou aslo cxearwia a je HeaTeKRATHO ONBOWPLABAILE HOBPLIMNCKAX, MPKOPCAHHX H MOIIEMHUX BONA TaBHM Y3poK Mponajana nyrena. O OBHM H JpyruM yMchuMa PRMCKHX TpaWTeAA cBeROYe H SAKKCH 3BAHNYHOT apxNTeKTe parlor PuMcKOr NapcrRa Vitruvia Polia (De Architectura Libri Decem), Kao M pentecauicumx rpaiterba Albertia (De Re Aedificatoria) w Paladia (Quatvo libri dell archivetura). Thianupane « rpacupaise pumcKux nyresa ocrwapunaio je no cTporo necunmcattom xnjepapxnjckom mpunumny. TIpex xopax ce cacrojao y Yropbanaisy mpaniia npyxxara Gynyher nyra, carmacHo BojHEM H eKOHOMCKHM horpeGama 4 saxtesuMa opranMsanuje Kopumihera mpocropa. Taj noweri Kopak 6uo je y AMpeKTHO} HaNylexHOCTH NeHIOpa, KONayna H ynpapHTeRA nposmmmyja. Tek nomrro 6x ce yrepavo reuepanum npasan Mpy>katba nyTa, upucrynayio ce Tpacupaty wa Tepeiy y3 MpuMeHy onroBapajyhux MepHuX uucrpymenara (rpoMe, xopoGare, nHONTpe M xonOMepa). Caaka pumeka nerHja wana je wajmane jeqnor apxurexty - riasMor rpaeTena, non jum PYKOBOJCTBOM Cy HSBPIIABARM CBA PANOAK, OM MpHNIPEMMX jo sARpUANX, jemior crpyitaka (agrimensores) sa pecbiineare mpanija nyra w jemwior (liberator) 3a uimmenarbe. mM (Cauxa 3. ~ Tabla Peuingeriana (uceva)‘Yupapsaive nyTHOM MpeXOM saxTeRaTO je OCMMULeHY opranmsanyjy cao6pahaja # cue Mponpare akTHBHOcTa, Kao mITo je opranusanuja pacntopen yraphera, Konamurra u nocTaja, oproBapajyhe HrutlepepcKe Kapre (Tabula Peutingeriana, Itinerarium Antonini i Ttinerarium Hierosolymitanum "np.), ca caHM noTpeGuMM TojaIyIMa 3a YoueUIHO H CeaGemHO HyTOBAKLe (B. CHUKY 3). ‘Yraphen je Guo w cucrem upenoca nourre (Cursus Publicum), yrtapitom 3a ApKasiic noTpeGe, jep je aGor HayseTHO BHCOKe NeHe yenyra perKo KO Morao ce6u a NpHYFrH Taj HopaTaK. VirrepecantHo je ucraba ya je Gpsuna na PHMCKUM TYTeBHMAa H3HOCHIa OKO 50 km Ha JAH, a H3ySeTHO ce MYTOBANO Ha xomy (6p3m rnacum) « 300 km wa gan. Bojcka je wa OnMM nyTeDHMa Mapmmpasia 30 km ta jlatt, wayaMMajyha dbopcupaste Mapmiege. 3. ITYTEBH ¥ CPEILOBEKOBHOS CPBMJN. Tiponamhy Pumcxor napcrsa nacraje wa nospysjy Enpone sacroj y Pasnojy nyrorpanise Koja rpaje wHTaB CpembH BeK. 3a caoSpahaj, Koj je OrpaHu4cH Ha BeOMa KpaTke pa3yaybune, KOpHCTe Ce OCTaIH PAMCKHX TIyTeBa Koji ce Beoma ci1aGo HIM YomUrTe He Onp2kaRajy. Ha nogpysiy Cp6uje, mchyram, cpemba nek, upe cnera nepuon wameby X BeKa W Mpotlacra cpucke yecnoTosime 1459. roqune, mpencraRna nepHoy snavajuior yuanpehersa myrena M cao6pahaja. To je nocebuo uspaxcHo y Hepuony cHaxetba cplicke ApxKane, Koja he cnojy najnehy Moh yocruhu no}, saamhy napa Jlymana. Onurra Koucburypannja Tepena onpenemma je octonne nyrue mpanue y cpembosexosHoj CpGuja. Koputihenn cy, npe crea, ocrata puMcKe mpexe nyrena. Tapia caoGpahaj paya ycnlocrammatsa’ mesa ca pyjlapckuM, TOMITHIKHM H TPOBAYKEM HeHTPHMA OGaREaH je HaMeby Janpatickor Mopa (ly6posnux, Korop, Bap) « yaytpanmocra CpOuje, omocio Bocne 1 Cp6nje. Kopmuhenu cy, rakobe, Tpayunuouamam nyria KopHnopH jyroucrox - ceseposaniail, Kojuma cy ce MpeBacxomHO cHyKWIM Ki ‘TypcKH OcBaja4H 3a BpeMe paTORa 3a LKperbe M Ctlajatse Ka GocanicKHM jIpKaBama Ha Samay M cprickHM Ha cenep. Y mpaoj casi, TypcKO najNpalbe je MIUIO ca ucToxa H jyra Maxeyounje npexo [Ipuspena, Cxanpa « Huxumha y jommy Heperse u npexo Kocosa noma wa Pac - Tprosuuite, Tpujenone, a onatie upexo Bumerpaya y Bocuy. Y apyroj dasa mponuparse je Tekno 3B. “LlapurpanicKum uyrem”, 1j. jonmom Humane y jonny Berke Mopane ka Beorpany u Capi wim ka Céejepeny 4 oGasiama JIynaza. J[pyra Kpak 3axpaTao je Romy Snape Mopase w onarsie Boquo y Bocay. Buo je 70 nepwow BemMKHX KapapaHicKAX Tpaticopra, KojM cy Gpojan no 300 Bune Kota. Pasi caoGpahaj 43 npapita JIyGponunxa onnijao ce cae no o6ata Lipuor mopa # arse wa Mcrox. Ha nyrepuma cy Gua opranusonana ‘TSB. NayWUMUTa H YCnYTHe craHHNe Ha KojuMa ce Hohupaslo M Tie cy GWM oGex6eheun cmeurraj H expana. OGea6ehere nyresa Gusio je jedpunuicano onpehenu ‘wianopuMa 3axonuxa yapa J[ywana, noce6uo an. 157. 4 158. KojK TOBope 0 3alLITHTH HYTHHKa K poGe H OMTOROPHOCT CTaHOBHAMITBA OKONHX 24Hacema Kpoa Koja nyr mpomasH. PasyMe ce fla cy KapapaHH MATH 1 Haopykany npanwy, Koja je noneKay Gpojuna x 0 200 mynx {10} Cann nyrenu GH cy HOneMmeHH y Wpe TeHepamne Kateropuje: yecte H nyrese. Llecte cy mpencranmare randy Mpexy MYTeBa, ROK Ce TO T1o/MOM yr BHMe HOApaayMenao cHopemHH MyT JoKaMHOr Kapaxtepa (10} Ha cnumu 4 Mpmxasana je mema nyresa y cpembosexosHoj CpGnja H Bese ca cyceqHEM semmama [9, 10, 17]. TexHWaKM es1eMeHTH HABE][CHEX NyTeRA 3aBHCHIH CY O}{ WLuXoBOr 3Hatiaja M KOHcaTypannje Tepexa. IIMpHHe nyTeRa HSHOCHTE CY Om 1,50 po 3,00m sa o6wane nyTese H 3,00 no 4,00 m 3a 73B. BeMMKe nyTeBe WIM necte. Kononoane KoucTpyxnyje OBHX MyTeBa cy OOWIHO MpOCTOjHe H ca KnamnTeTHHM oupHuer.em. Ha eoHMNaMa ca BOHKEM NONYAHUM HarHGHMa TloceGwa maxkiba je HocachwBaHa IpHXBaTaHby H O[BOHeIY NOBPUIMHCKHX BOA, Kao H SAIIITHTH O7| MpAOpeKHHX. Y 1iaHHHCKHM TepeHHMa BEAWKH HarHGH cy capnajanaHh §MpHMCHOM CepICHTHHCKHX OKpeTHMNa, @ mOHeKal crenenmnama. poms aye BEOIPAIL S Mapes Bepyapen yr Cauca 4.~ Mpexca dyiieea y cpednosexoenoj Cp6ujie Benmxu xapanancxn myn Y CPpembeM BekY, Koja cy mpescrapana rnanuy nytuy Mpexxy Cp6uje, cy’: 3) Tipanux npyxxana nascscanx nyresa oGpabeum cy mpema monorpadnja MTyiesuna CpGuje (17) 280 DyGpowasxu nyr Vs Benenyje apyrix wranajanckmx rpanosa, pasmumte Bpcre poba crusane cy y Jly6posunk, raBHo MocpemMHKO MeCTO Ha janpalicKo} OGam 3a ‘TproBuny ca CPejLOBCKOBHIM CPIICKEM jIpxaBama. Oxaj yr je HOnasHO HS Ty6posnuxa xpos sp. Jyaxny xauujy - [Liowe # CTpMHM NajaHama ce Teo 10 cena Bprar, a 64 3aTHM, UpeKo nycror m KaMeHMTOr 3eMmuurra, CHAO y MaoMHY TomMHy pexe TpeGuuutune u rpana TpeOutba. Hacranmao je jake 3a Bunchko nome u rpaq Buiehe, na mpexo Knysa 2a Tanxo. Heanexo on Tanxor, npexo mpenoja Yemepuo, mpenaswo ce ua janpanicxor y Upiomopcxi cums ¥ ynasHio y Kanan CyTjecke. Ha uaiasy 43 Kaila TponasHiio ce nopen, ‘Tjewmmurra 4 crusano wa JIpmuy. [lyGposaka nyt je on Xorue (jananma oa) ckperao Ha ucroK josmHoM "Hexoruie H tomas yo Theenana w Tipujenona. Jlo rpanha Muemiena ny ce npoGujao y2aiom jommom pexe Miniemesxe, a 3aTaM mpexo Bononensune Jkima x Yaua yonaauo y Cjenuny. Ty6ponauku nyr one ce ciajao ca Bocarickum myrem, KojM je ROs1a3H0 HS npasita Capajena, IIpa6oja a Howe Bapout. Tae cy cnojenm now npexo Teurrepcxe sucopasiii # JOnHHOM pexe Paluke Jo mpBe cpiicke cpewibosexoBue npecroumue - rpaija Paca. On Paca 1 Hosor Tlasapa nyt jane Boga Ka Pauxoj. IIpenasehu Hap, Jly6ponaskn nyT je jyxuma naqauama Konaonuxa canaswo y jommmy pexe Tounme. Ox Tipoxynta ce Moro nyrosaTH KoTHMa jep ce HanasWio Ha "BenuKa" BojHH uyr ja Ou ce mpesiackom Mopase Koy Mpamopa Hajsa crurno y Haut, Kpajiby rauxy JIy6ponaukor nya. 0 Bocancxu nyt Tenepanmm upasay upyxaia osor nyra je 640 of Mernuxe, npexo Jajna, Tpasnuxa, Capajeza, paGoja, Hone Bapoum x Tpunmune ka Ckowny. Kopacrau cy ra H TypcKH ocbajasu ipa mpoyaparsy Kpos Cp6xjy ka Bocu « Xprarckoj. Buso je Hekomuko Kpakona opor nyra Kojm cy Ha pasmmaHTHM MecTHMa npenasuim pexy JIpuny, a 2aTHM ce jenMUM nesIOM on Bpesuune (Gauaunse Theeane), onnocuo Genmme yo Paca noxianaia ca JlyGposaskum nyreM. ¥janem ToKy osaj Myr Ce Npyxkao UpeKo manune PorosHe « Hope Manacrupa Banke jonasuo 70 Spevana, a OM 3aTHM HacTasHo mpeKo Bysurpua sa [Ipanrrany. Panny npanan oor myra je qabe Bommo 3a Jaman, Kasanwaxy ximcypy, Cxome, Conyn Uapurpay, 0 Senex nyt Via Zenta, Kako ce jour wasuBa OBaj lyT, oNasHo je of, anGancKe OGane y Gnusuwa JIpaia yommuom JIpuma wa yecerak KunoMeTapa of Ckapa it Honaswo y cpeqwosexosum rpajuh Mla On [lara ce upeKo mannncKux mpenoja u mecra Tyke cuyurra y jommuy JIpuma, a 9aTHM Hopes Mecta Cuaca, yutha Benor « Upuor Jipama jonas y Iipuspencxy jonny « rpan Fpuspen. ‘Ox Tipwspena nyt Bonu xa Kocony nomy # Koy Mecra Jumana yxpurra ce ¢ Bocanickm nyrem. Upyru upasay Sercxor nyra momasuo je #2 Tpa MpaMopeKa rpana: Koropa, Bymse u Bapa. Ta rpa xpaxa cacrajaia cy ce y Gnmamun Ternina # 26jabe, upeKo Topropune m cpemibosexonuor rpaza JlykKve, npenasuia ce ‘Mopaua M ysaswno y yommuy Lujenne. Tenyhu ce nayiuama Tpoxseruja, mpenaswnio ce ws JaxparicKor y LipHoMopcka comp, a 3aTHM of uaBopa JLMMa Thiasa, upexo upesoja Yakop, ponasmso ce y Teh, Baxny packpeumuy cpemmonexosnux nyrena 3a IIpaapex x Kocono. O Uaparpanckn nyt Jequa on Baxnujux cao6pahajauta ojom je Espoua xomyumuupasia ca Agujom jou M3 aMTHuKUX BpeMeHa. Onaj yr je ogo capcran y HajsHa4ajuMje npasye Espone, Kako 3a NorpeGe propane Tako, jou BHILIC, 3a Pamie woxojle, Xoo'amiha, Kpcrallie H CRE OHle KOjM cy >KeNENH Hajkpahy Hajcurypunjy Besy ua upasny Beorpay - aparpay. Uapurpancn jpym je y Hajachem jleny Kopucruo Mopascky flonuny, ouy HeTy Kojy cy Kopucrwst Pusotann 3a warpasuvy Bojtior nya - Via Militatis, OHo je yemepen on Beorpana, mpexo Huta 4 Codpuje no Koucranrauonona. Ocuosuu npawan mpy>arta Lapurpanckor nyta Guo je yemepen on Beorpaja Ka jyry upexo I'pouke, Cmeyepera, Bpanuena, hynpuje, nope, Benake Mopase xa Bopny a Humy. Ty cy ce yxpurram najpaxnuja cpembonexopnm nyrum mpasi, 4 To: Llaparpayick nyt, JlyGponauku uyr, nyt ga Ckonne W nyr 3a ceseponcrox, 3a Brunt. Hit je ToKoM wenor cpepter Beka Guo sHa4ajaH BojHO-crpaTerHjckKK Ml TprowaykH meHTap, HajpMne saxpamyjyhl CBOM HONOXajy K BesaMa Koje je OCTRApHBAO TIpe cRera MpeKO Lapurpanckor nya. Tocne Humia, nyt je Boawo y Kanan Kynonnuy, a 3aTHM ce jonmiom Hwmase crasano y Beny Mananky u Tlupor. Myr je wane nacrana.ao 9a Co¢pujy, Jenpeue u, Konasno, Laparpan, 0 Mopascxo-sapnapexm nyt Osaj_ nym npasan mporesao ce a jyr on Huma xa Jleckosny, Kymanony, Cony « Conyny, koprcreha nosine Jyxne Mopaze, Betepaame a Bapapa. Ocum Tor pasta, jomunom Berepuune, y 1pyroj HonoBuHH TypcKe BuayaBHne, nyTOBANO ce josmAHOM TyxHe Mopane xpos I'penuaxy KIHCYPy Ka Bpawy. Ox Bpana nyt je umao jommuom Jyxne Mopase 1 Mopanniie 10 Kywationa, a saTuM jonmuama IIumre a Bapnapa no Beneca u, Ha xpajy, Kopucrehu jonuny Bapnapa, y Comyn. O Beorpanexu nyr Ocuosum npasay upy>xara opor nyra Guo je ox Beorpana, mpeKo Bapajesa sa Pyquux, a onarne, jonmuama Ipyxe mx H6pa, nopen cpemiboneKoBnux Manacrapa Kiue « Crynenuue, rpaja Marmuua a Bprennxa oBORMO No Panne. On Patuke jena Kak ovor nyTa Hao je RonMHOM HiGpa, nopen rpaya Ssevana, ByyuTpua 4 IIpuurraue. IIponaschu Kocosum 1omem, nyr je wocne JIumana ynasuo y Kavanuuxy xaucypy # yonaano y Cxone. Upyru xpax Beorpaycxor nyra poywo je on Pauxe upexo Honor Tasapa 3a Teh, a onarne ce pawsao wa uctox, npema Kocony, « Ha jyr, Ka Bakopunya # Tipuspeny.O Tyres og Beorpana xa jyrosanazy (IlaGan, Baneso, Yasak, ‘Yuune) Tlyr 3a IfaGan Oxo je ocuosua neva upema Yrapcxoj a Cpemtoj Espoun. Ha jyr on [amma rpabens cy uyresu y Bale mpasaya, Kopucreha nomHHe Tpune, KonyGape u Sanaqne Mopane. Tlyr Koja je on Iara nono sa Ban.eno mpostasno je nope Konencna u Bpaukonune. ¥ paren ToKy nyt je mpoasno open Kocjepuha ¥ jomuom Cxpanexa umao 3a Tloxery # Yxnne. One Tpe6a nOMeRYTH H YT KojH je #3 Bocue, mpexo Waprana, Yxuna, Toxere u jomaHom Sanape Mopape, uiia0 3a Kpymesay, 3a schu eo CpOuje To je Gana najxpaha Besa ca Bocuom. His Tloxere jena xpax je msao nommuoM pexe Mopasnue 3a Hnaruuny « mpexo ilanuHe Japopa 3a Cjenmuy, BaxKHY PackPCHMILy Cpey[HLOBeKOBHHX NyTeRA. O Tyr pectom o6antom Hynana Tlyr on Beorpana yo Kuagona 6uo je y cpenumry wiTepeconara cpax ocaajaia Koj cy npoqupanx wa Bamkanicxo nonyocrpro. Buta je To ker ja ce opnaja JlyHaBoM, H N1peKo Hera OGe36enH [aIbK POOP Ha CeBEPOHCTOK y Tlaxujy. Taj nyr yoxuseo je caoj snaTH nepuon 3a Bpeme BlanaBune Tpajana M HeroBor HacneyHMka Xappujana y | u II sexy. Cpeqosexosax mpabat, ce TOTIYHO TOKWalla0 ca HabeeHMM PHMCKHM HpaBlleM. 4 ITYTEBH 3A MOTOPHH CAOBPABAS Toxom XVIII Beka, cuwKeibem nojemmuux ppkana, bpannycke w Eurnecke mpe cacra, crpapajy ce ycnosu 3a peHecancy nyTHe Mpexe Ha niopysiy Eppone. Y Tom mepuoiy wacrajy m mpse BHCOKe wkoNe 3a oSpasona.e MiDKeHepa 3a rpahene nyrena M MocTona. Taxo ce y Tlapusy 1747. royume octupa Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees, a wero kacuilje, 1755. Tommie # Ecole Politechnique. Te aHcoKouKoncke mucraTywuije Guhe oKOCHMMe Hay4Hor OGpasoBal.a HIDKeiLepa H IIpecysHo he yruilaTH Ha lenoKymHH pasBoj uuDkeHepcKor oOpazonana y Enponu. BesMKe rpajurresu Tresaguet # Perronet uocrajy Ips mporpecopH H HOcTaBsLajy TeMeme HIDKeISepCKHM MpHHITAMA mpojexronarba H rpabera nyrena M MocTORA. Suayajan nojcruyaj passojy nyrorpamse mpejcrana passoj nape Mammue WM —pyrux ypebaja 3a wsrpammy nyrea. Tloverkom XIX pexa Hojanyjy ce HoBM wocrynim Karpamse nyteea y Eurseckoj (T. Telford, J. McAdam). ce moguaTa "MakajaMCKH Tes" KaO BumlecnojHe KonoBosHe KouCrpykuyje ON MpOOmeHOr KaMena. Tucana jes1a Tresagueta, Telforda u noceGHo McAdama (Remarks on the Present System of Road Making (1816-1824)) wmajy cuary uuTepHaNHOHANHEX CTaHAapya K BEOMA ILMPOKO ce Upumenyjy. Jasbajy ce K upsa Teopujcka H eKCHepAMcHTasINa HCTPAKMBArA ommopa, Byve, Opsilia M reoMeTpujcKHX ex1emenaTa nyTeBa (Morin u Poncelet (®panuycxa), Panel (Eurnecka) a Makneil (Illkorcxa)). Y upsoj nonoawan XIX Beka ocumpajy ce u upse nonwTexuuKe y Hema4Koj (Karlsruhe, 1825) « Enrnecxoj (London, 1829) ca KateqpaMa 3a MYTHO HM >Kc/Ie3HHUKO 28umxersepcrso. Hs Tor nepwona (1852) noTH¥e H KamrraHo e10 Manual of Road Making W.M. Gillespia (USA), Koje je mMano wsyscTan yrumaj Ha Mpojextosaite u rpaberse nyrena. To je nepwon Kaya ce m wa mompysjy CpOuje snauajuo pany na yuanpebety uenoxynuor rpabesunapcrsa. Ocuusaisem JInueja (1838), e mikonie (1846), a apownTo Bemuxe mkome (1863) c noceGHHM ‘TeXHYKHM bakyNTeTOM, YMapeHH cy TeMemH caBpeMcHor o6paz0BaHa Tpahenuucxux mpxerepa. ¥ Tou nepHony (1862) ocHopanio je Munucrapcrao Tpahenmna Knexesune Cp6uje, ca ocHOBHMM 3alaTKOM "da ce cillapa o ustpadreu u odpmasamy Uyilesa u mocilosa, pezyaayuju yauya u peKa, TZodusavy jasnux s2pada u ciomenuxa*. MuwucraperBo cé cacrojao on caenehux oyenera: Mmxenepcxor, Apxmrexronckor, PasyHonoquor ¥ Onmrrer. Yerapa rogue no csom ocuusany, 30. mapra 1866. roqane I.Bp. 825, usnamo je MpBe cpucKe npomuce H3 OGNACTH YTeBA, OHOCHO Hapeny 0 ‘TeXHWIKHM NPHHIMHHMa Mpojektosaiba, -rpabeisa Hu ojlpxabalba japHux npyMosa [7} Ha cuma 5 upukasana cy woupesm upocpwi mpkapHux, OKPY>KHUX H CpeckHX nyTeBa. 4 MPtcen Qe 18g Ce MYERE MSIQOND Y93OU G9 LndLpnin DoCTE $a yooryan¢— 130—¢—— ras 42.08 + 190 _gamyaury.ome 2 [eco YES 29 Ce HELD 09 CAMO LRRD [BGY yoga — 1304 — 288 4 2s 190 Goo SThecex cymets oxnyoowar u cpecnue ~yor fase} — 180 259 4 2 0- Cauxa 5. - Ciliandapdnu doiipewnu ipogunu us ipeux cplickux ipoliuca 3a iiyilieee (1866. 3.) Sanmunupo je wcraha ya cy pactucom Munucrpa rpabesuna on 1. asrycra 1883. roqune Bp. 4433 Guna noceGuo yedunucana Ipacuna aa ipasmene ipojexailia u ikaanoea, tpedparyna u ycaoea aa dasaree y uspady dyioea u aociiosa. Tlocne youometa HaneyeHUX 2AaKOHA TOULIO je 70 MHTeuSHBUpalba HSTpayyLe HyTHe Mpexe H OjeKaTa Ha 140). [pajle ce sHaYAjHH Moctosu mpexo Jyxne, Sanaqne « BesmKe Mopave (raosjien#), KaO H IpeKo Mopasune x H6pa (sacaoben). 29Tponanasax moropuor Bosna, Kpajem XIX Bexa (1886), npentcranma cyMITHHCKy MpeKpeTuuny y HsrpajyLM canpeMeHHX nyTesa. To je HapouHTo wapaxcno No saBpurerky TIpsor caerckKor pata, Kayla onasH jo MacopHe MUNYCTPHicKe MponsRo]ILe MoTOpHUX BosMa’ Koja MocTajy jocTynma mpocesHom rpahanuny. Toce6uy ysory y ToMe, HMao je 4yBeHH ayromMoGHa "Ford-T", Kojxt je ox, 1908. n0 1928. roxuite mpousBenen y 15.000.000 npuepaxa, urTo ocraje peop AO Aananmber pana. AyTOMOGuNcKa MAAYCTpHja TaKO mocraje jenna on OMMHANTHUX NPHBpEsHHX AKTHBHOCTH Y MHOTHM 3eMcbama Bera, ITO [OBONK Ao Tora a je WawlAc MpakTWIHO CBAKH CeHMM 3aOCIHM Y UpHBpeWM Ha AMPeKTAH WIH HIUpeKTaH HaYMH HOBC3AH Ca ayTOMOGHJICKOM uunycrpyjom. Ilopact 6poja moropuwx oswia H noschai gaxtesM 3a Ges6eqHomhy cac6pahaja ycnosunu cy M Harm pasnoj M ycappmlaBatc wocrynaka M3rpayybe myTeBa, Tako ja cy Beh nocie TIpaor cBerckor para usrpabeua w mpow Kwomerpa ayronytera y Enponm a y CjciutiscHum Amepwikan JIpkanama (2) Ha nam mpocropawa, mpe crera sGor ckpoMHHX cKOHOMCKHX MoryhiocTa nojepinaita, ait H 3eMube y MeN, TOCTojao je BCOMa Mam 6poj ayroMobuna, Tako ya je y CpOnjm jo woxerKa GankancKHx parona Perucrpowavio oKo crorutiak. 3aKonom o japmum m cynosemnum nyrenuMa u3 1910. roqaue [17] u3Bpuleua je Hojlena nyrena wa: IpKaRue, oKPYAUC M oMUTUHCKe. IIPH TOM cy ApKabHM HyTeRM Ou Ha GyyeTy, a OKPYAGA H OMUTTHKICKH cy dbuaLcupam M9 OKPYAHEX H OMITHHCKHX upupesa. ¥ TpenyTKy Kala je CpOuja, no yrneny va Hanpemue npxane Espoue, souesa nporpame 3a rpaherse w MonepaMsannjy nyTHe Mpexe jonuIH cy paronu (GankantcKa u TIpsu csetcKM pat), KojM cy onemoryhmsr MApHONONCKH pasnoj y OBO] OGACTH. Tio saspmierky IIpsor ceercxor para, ayromMoGucku cao6pahaj usrpayisa nyTesa yoGujajy y cBety upwopwterHH sHa4aj. Yuanpebyje ce w Mexalmayje Warpayiba UyTesa m UpucTyTIa pasKojy Mpexe paqw yHanpebera ekonoMcKor mM MpHBpesuor mpenoposa. Y BpeMe eKoHOMcKe KpHSe, ‘TpuyeceTux roquma onor Beka, y CAJ] ce peumavajy mpoSnemn HesanocsieHocTH ompapariem nemmHKHx januux pajlona, Mey KojuMa Hsrpamia MONIepuUX nyTeRA ¥ ayTonyTena 3aysuma sHa¥ajNo Mecro. Buo je To Hosnara Pysnentos New Deal. Carma nonyxnaru npenysumajy ce a y Expomu, noce6uo y Virannja Hemankoj. Onje cy nyreba upe ceera cpesicrBo fla ce penm Tpenyrna HesallocneHocT # NOBpaTH EKOHOMCKa CraGWIHOCT, aH H O36HIbHa NpHnpema 3a Oynybu par. Y Kpanenunu Cp6a, Xpsata 1 Cnozcnana, a kacnuje uy Kpanesuun Jyrocnasuja, npuctyna ce HUTeHIHBHOM Pally Ha O6HOBM paTom onycromiene SeMibe M Creaparby YonOBa 3a MNTEHSMBHY HSIpAlMKy HyTHe Mpexe, Pay Tora ce ojapnyje ume sakoucKux akaTa HM yrapbyje KaTeropusarija jasHux nyresa (8. cm. 6). ¥ uepuony usmeby 1930, u 1935. roywne rmapla aTaBHocr je y OGnacta wsrpamse rBosjteHux MoctoBa (peo Cape Kon Pave # Beorpana, nyxuna Mocra 411 m; upexo /IyHasa warpaben je ApyMcko-xKencanmuKkH MocT ny-xune 1200 m) saxpanyjyha paruoj penapanyji. 30Tipen JIpyru cectexa par, Tawmuje of 1935. rowmic, uanpajajy ce suaramja epeicrsa M mpwcryna’ ce mancxom rpabeny makanamcKux canpemeuux nyTewa. Hajscha cpencrsa anraxosania cy Ha warpayeM nyTa Xoproui - CyGoruua - Hosa Cayt - Beorpay (eke jeouue onor nyra jou auc cy y yuorpeGu), sarum nyra Lipseam Kper - Hum - Hua Bana. Oa ona nyra Tpabeuia cy xao Heoumue Mebyuapomuior uyra Jlouzou - McramGyn. ¥ cksIony akTusiocra warpabex je saH4anA Mocr MpeKo Cae y Beorpany, Koji je 9a npeme [Ipyror cnercxor para nopymen. ¥ TOM nepHony rpabeu je nyt On Huuxe Baie jo Bene Tlananke xpos Cuhenanxy xmcypy, nyt of pujenona no Bujenor ona, nyr Beorpat - Asana - Kparyjesan, nyr beorpay - Tlawicno, xao a nyt Tlapahun - Rynpaja. Haxaiocr, ty snavajny pAWMTeLEKY AKTHRHOCT MpeKHiTysIK cy parH Worabaju 1941. route. SEWA MREZE ondary surova oRzAvNM “PuTOvIMA 315. 3AKJIBYYAK Osaj xparks ucropujck mpukas pasnoja nyrera Ha nompysjy Cp6xje, on aNTW4KUX JaHa jo NOveTKa JIpyror cBeTcKor para, HCTOBpeMeHio MpeycTaBia H IpHKa3 NOAWTHYKe, CKOHOMCKe H IpHBpeye MOM Byajfapa H Haposla OBOr NOUpy'ja, pK eMy cy eBHNeHTHe ReANKe ocuWamUje KM O;cyCTBO KOHTHHYHTeTa, HUME je Y MHOFOMe YCHOBIL.CHO H Ralannbe crate. a 2) (3) [4] [5] (6 ma (8) 1) [10] (11) (12) 103) (4) ts) (16) a7) 32 JIMTEPATYPA Aubyc, B., Bucoxouxoaca naciiasa us xeaesnuya u dyiveaa na Jluyejy, Beauxoj wxoau u Beotpadckon yrusepauidieiy Nyt « cao6pahaj, ro7. 34, 6p. 7-12, 1988, erp. 5-18. Auby c, B., lIpojexidioearse ayitiesa - cunidesa uckyeillea, payuonaanoctiue kpeaiiuenocii, npuctynno upejasame (Ipabenuucka chaxysrrer), Beorpan, 21. X11 1994, exp. 1-38 Birk, A. Die Strasse - Ihre Verkehrs und Bautechnische Enbwicklung im Rahmen der Menschheitsgeschichte, Karlsbad, A. Kraft Verlag, 1934. Caron, FV,, Highway Design for Motor Vehicles - Historical Review 1-6, Public Roads, Vol. 38-40, 1976. Jocumosuh, E., [pahaucxa apxuinexiaypa u 2paherse iyitioaa, Beorpax 1860. Jocumosmh,M, Xeresnuya u dyilioau - rouxoe ucitopujceu pascuitiax, kyailypru snag] u eKonomna spednocia, tipuciiyiino tipedaaarne (BexuKa Tilxoxa - Texusraxn chaxystrer), Beorpag 04. 11888. Mapxko smh, M., Hrxenep, Momohna krouta 2a unxervepe, apxuiliexite, zpabesunape u ociuase itexnuape, Beorpay 1889. Schreiber, H, Sinfonia ceste (prevod), Zagreb, Naprijed, 1961. Crehanonuh, J, Hayxa o ipahewy dpyuoaa (auilioxpaducana pedacarea) (¥ uunepaurery beorpary-Texumaxucpaxysrer),beorpay 1910. Ix pu sanuh,T., Iyaesu y cpedsoeexosno] Cp6uju, Beorpan, Typucranxa urramna, 1974, IIx pw 8a nh, T-, Monumenta Cartografica Jugcslavia I, Beorpan, Hicropujcxxt aucraryr, 1974, I x pw Ba nah, T., Monunenta Cortografica Jugoslaia II, Beorpax, Meropjexn mncruryt, 1979. Cpncxa rexnmuxn aucr, Opran ympyxera cprickax wipkemepa, Kib. 1-23, Beorpax 1890 - 1912. Exmuxnonenuja Jyrocnanyje (Iecte), Za%ped, Jy2 aexc. 2ae0d, Boa. 2, 1956, erp. 364-369. Texnwaxa ennuxionenuja (Ilecra, xpym), Sarpe6, Jyr. nexe. sanog, Bon. 2, 1966, erp. 601-636. Ayiiolyi “Bpailiciiieo - jeduucitiso” 08 Beotpada 00 Besheauje, Beorpan, Tipyurrso 3a nyrene CpGxje, 1969. Ilyitieeuma Cp6uje, Beorpax, Hapoxna kiura, 1975.