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Technology in Education: Running Head: I
Technology in Education: Running Head: I
Technology in Education: Running Head: I
Education
Name
Institution
Technology in Education ii
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the challenges associated with the integration of technology
in education. Currently, technology is advancing so rapidly that every productive sector must
is swayed to a belief that students must develop the technological skills for them to be
competent in society i(Rom and Jain, 2016). This has purposefully forced teachers to
incorporate the technological techniques in the instructional process for the to meet the
world’s changing paradigm. Under this research, advancement of the integrated technology to
associated with integrated technology in education is studied. From the research, it is found
out that IT covers the whole instructional and assessment processes in education. However,
challenges such as computer illiteracy and inadequate ICT gadgets slows the revolution
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Technology in Education iii
Table of Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... ii
Chapter One: Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
Background Information ..................................................................................................................... 1
Research Question/Problem statement................................................................................................ 2
Research Question/Problem description ............................................................................................. 2
Importance of IT in education............................................................................................................. 3
Challenges associated with IT in education ........................................................................................ 7
Chapter Two: Literature Review............................................................................................................. 9
Chapter Three: Conclusion and Recommendation ............................................................................... 10
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Recommendation .............................................................................................................................. 11
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Technology in Education 1
Background Information
Technology in the current world has taken over manpower resource as most of the
activities are nowadays computerized. Some of the researches have shown that there are
certain countries that are looking into using robots to performs some of the duties that are still
lying in the hands of man ii(Tondeur, Braak, Siddiq and Scherer, 2016). However, most of the
office duties such as filing, computation, and analysis have been completely taken over by
computers. This has, in turn, reduced manpower utilization rendering most people jobless. In
a counter-attack to this, it is believed by majority of the members of the society that without
This has consequently made most of the youths and some adults to seek the skills and
knowledge as one survival security tool in society. Since most of the duties in the society
have been influenced by the advancement in technology. Communication is one big aspect of
living that has been engulfed with technological integration. Communications through mobile
phones is another aspect where advancement in technology has taken control over and it is
upon an individual to conforms to the dynamics of technology. Almost everyone across the
globe today communicates using mobile phones, watch news through the televisions and
listen to radios among other Information and communication technology gadgets iii(Ryan and
Bagley, 2015). People have to lean to operates these ICT gadgets conditionally without any
form of hesitation. However, without basing only on mobile phones and the televisions,
advancement in the world. In today’s society, one has not to travel all the way to a banking
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facility in order to deposit or withdraw some cash. All these facilities have been embedded in
our mobile phones and can be performed while sitting at home. Therefore, this paper takes
look into the penetration of this integrated technology in the education sectors iv(Webster,
2018). This is achieved through broadening the research by finding out the advancement of
the research into the education sector, the significance of the use of integrated technology in
phones, CCTV Cameras, Televisions, radios, and iPad among other gadgets in facilitating the
instructional processes v(Rom and Jain, 2016). Through incorporation of the equipment, we
arrive at educational technology, which is the use of the ICT materials in education activities.
Most of the educational process has been technologically integrated, for example, use of ICT
in the instructional process through instructional technology and use of the technology-
enabled assessments. There are several ways that technology has been integrated into
conversant with the programs must be asked. These ICT gadgets need to be operated properly
to perform the various tasks they are earnt for, but that cannot happen when one is illiterate
on its operations. This thereby shortlists us with one challenge facing the integration of
technology in education. Besides, there are certain schools that are still not able to afford
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some of these technological gadgets thus making their use in such schools limited. Hence,
there is need to define and solve the challenges associated with the use of integrated
technology in education. Thus, these research papers provide reviews on the underlying
challenges associated with the use of IT in education and their possible solutions.
This research remains quite vital to the advancement of the field by researching on the
side-lines that some schools to completely embrace the technological growth. The research
provides us with the insights of the challenges facing the sector and preventing it towards
fully implementing IT in its process. Through the research, appropriate corrective measures
can be put in place to ensure full implementation of IT in the education sector. It is quite
unfortunate that up to today where it is perceived that technology is everywhere, some areas
are still side-lined. Majority in the society cannot accept that education sectors still
experience challenges when regards to the integration of ICT despite of the sector comprising
of the larger number who are educated. Therefore, with such an assumption, the education
sector would continue staggering behind hence this research acts as a reminder to such cases
that exist within our society. Moreover, it also enlightens some people who might have not
started using the ICT tools in the instructional process that there are areas where the tools are
used in different departments for different purposes. This can, in turn, triggers an individual
to borrow the same idea and implement in his or her country. In addition, the research also
identifies challenges faced in the implementation process and their possible ways of solution.
Therefore, this research plays an important role in the advancement of the education sectors.
Importance of IT in education
In the today world, the day-to-day activities require the input of technology to
maximize the output and minimize production. This theorem is the same in the field of
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education. If in a situation where an individual is not tech-savvy, the individual has higher
likelihood of struggling to ensure the success story of his or her pathvi (Tondeur, Van Braak,
Ertmer and Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2017). Recently, technology has advanced greatly to higher
levels and has taken any field, including classrooms for the purposes of education. This is the
major reason why most of the institutions should opt to incorporate Information Technology
in the current education set up, to ensure maximum utilization of the advantage of technology
in the field of education. Therefore, it is important to raise the question, “Why is technology
To begin with, the use of technology in the classrooms necessitates both the students
and teachers to finding new pathways to the solution systems of the difficult existing
questions in their daily lives. This is because of new trends in education such as the ability to
use Google services in research works. In addition to that, technology is also important in the
creation of better and improved syllabus systems, materials of learning, evaluation materials
vii
and other future related services and products in the field of education (Kelley and
education.
To add on that, education also necessitates the innovation of new practical aspects of
syllabus such in the field of chemical sciences and modern Physics, which purely uses the
safety in data storage systems in schools and an overall guarantee of the safety of students.
Data management of students and the ability to analyze the students’ performance and make
the training programs of teachers apply the knowledge of technology in order to offer quality
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innovative skills and creativity are highly upraised. The input of technology is an inspiration
to students to become more innovative and creative, thereby making the students to become
successful in their professional and career walk. In the processes of giving and receiving
systematic education in the classroom, technology plays a vital role to ensure that this
happens. Moreover, the integration of technology enables learners and their tutors to connect
Integration of technology into education has helped improve the accuracy level in the
ix
education system (Domingo and Garganté, 2016). For instance, programs in computer
languages such as Java help to provide accurate mathematical solutions accurately, with ease
and shortest amount of time possible. This saves a lot of time in the education sector,
allowing for the performance of other activities. Through this, we say that the knowledge of
Social media platforms such as twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, etc. are sites for social
interaction. Teachers and other educators use these technological platforms for teaching
social sciences and socialism x(Spector 2015). In Facebook, What Sapp etc. administrators
such as teachers can form groups in such media platforms and invite students to join . Such
groups can, therefore, act as sites for learning, where teachers can post a question easily for
students to tackle, irrespective of the geographical mobility between the two parties involved.
However, many concerns must be taken into account to ensure that there are no illicit
activities that take place in such media-otherwise the administrator can decide to allow only
Technology has transformed education to higher limits. There is improved speed and
accuracy with which students can now get access to the information they require. In
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connection to this, it is sufficient to note that currently, universities provide online programs
at the degree level, masters, doctorate, and Ph.D. Educators are currently in a position to
teach as many students as possible through platforms such as blogs and YouTube. In
connection to that, there are also the necessary educational tools available in the online
platforms to enable education through the internet. Still with the application of internet
services, students have the ability to engage themselves in online debates, online classes,
participating in many forums and interview, etc. The student today, through the use of
technology to make and earn money online, as passive sources of income while studying at
delivery to the students. Information display to students through infographics, smart arts,
color and slides enables students to learn actual data and information xi(Spector, 2015). In
many institutions today, there are many cases of corruption. Through the integration of
technology, it will be easy enough to reduce the level of corruption. In addition, the education
stakeholders (parents, teachers, government, etc.) and students are able to monitor progress of
There is also the possibility of future robotic education. This can seek to handle the
problems of shortages of educators because robots will be interacting with students as well as
teaching them. Precisely, it is worth noting that it is easy for individuals to succeed in their
education life because of the ease and flow of information through internet. This is because
students are in an easy position to Google assignments and print out presentable data. There
is also improvement in research work. Therefore, it is enough to say technology has brought
about many positive changes in education and therefore need to be established filly.
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enhancement of technology in the sector. Technology came with both the negatives and the
positives. Among the negative impacts include less involvement in activities, technical
Saettler, (2018) argues that some of the challenges facing IT in education are bounded
to the administration and management of the institution. He adds that poor administration and
management approaches cannot allow the implementation of such programs as the funds
institution with little money to channel towards the IT program but fails since the installation
cost is quite high. He says that under such leadership’s teachers are not freely allowed to
exchange ideas and works under frustrations. In this condition of work none would be willing
to go extra mile. Spector (2015) adds that availability of funds contributes a lot towards the
incorporation of the materials within the institution. This will determine the availability of
complimentary social amenities such as roads, network lines, and power supply.
The introduction of technology in the classroom set up poses a major challenge to the
education of teens. Technology has the ability to disrupt teen students from their normal
classroom work and put more attention on the technology part, within the environs of
learning (Domingo and Garganté, 2016). Teens and many other students have the freedom
and the opportunity to access social media networking sites and access to free video games
that tempt students to spend a lot of their time in such. As such, students tend to stay away
from their daily planned activities. These distractions interfere with the overall concentration
of students and thereby lowering the performance of such students. Reduced academic
performance hampers overall progress of students and lowering their success potentials.
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technicality of the systems of technology. Normally, technology might at some time fail
because of the existence of some technical difficulties. Lack of knowledge to use computers
may easily lead to breaking down and thereby increasing costs. In relation to this, during the
repair of such equipment, students will experience delayed service delivery. From this aspect,
we may consider that technology can at some point never be time-saving due to the pending
xii
circumstances in hand (Wiziack and dos Santos, 2016). Otherwise to avoid such time
wastage, teachers must always be prepared with back up manuals during their lessons in
Technology, for instance, in the field of mathematics reduces errors while improving
accuracy and time-saving. However, using of computer knowledge and programs to tackle
mathematical and other subjects’ problems will deny the students the opportunity to develop
and apply basic skills in math, literacy, and communication. It is worth noting that all these
skills are vital day to day lives and extends to the career lives of individuals. Exclusivity in
using computer programs such as grammar check, plagiarism check, and scientific calculators
enables faster completion of tasks and assignments without the manual knowledge of how to
knowledge in computers through the inputs of technology. There are a lot of students who
have poor knowledge of technology while other students are quick enough to grasp such
xiii
technological knowledge (Harper and Milman, 2016). Given this, some of the students are
normally left behind during class presentations and thereby not doing well in their academic
performance. This will always have an average downfall performance in any institution.
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Lately, cyberbullying has been on the increase at an alarming rate. This is because of
the awareness that students have achieved. Through learning of IT and programming,
students have developed the trend of hacking into other people’s account to access
information of varied nature. This has also led to a lot of scam messages that intensify the
also offers a wide range of insecurity in the assessment of students. Moreover, with relation
to this, there are many instances where the exams databases are hacked creating a possible
particular country.
Another burden of technology comes with its financial costs. Most of the institutions
are never well equipped with enough finance for purchasing technological equipment such as
computers and modern internet connections xiv(Webster, 2018). It, therefore, deems necessary
to be careful and thoughtful while introducing technology in the education sector, or else the
future generation will remain with educators who view technological developments as
nothing else other than the overpriced education distraction tools but not as the important
teaching and learning materials. It is therefore very clear that technology has a positive side
and the negative sides of it. In view of the positives, care must be taken to ensure that there
associated with the use of IT in education systems. Martínez, Rivera, and Duță (2015) point
out that integration of technology in education has expanded the sectorxv. As a result of the
advancement in technology, teaching and learning can occur from anywhere. Learning is no
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platforms also allows the tutor and the learner to interact more flexibly. In addition, learning
facilitated by the ICT tools is concrete, enjoyable and retainable than oral learning. From the
same ICT tools, there are also videos that supplement the learning. Other researchers such as
Kruss, McGrath, Petersen, and Gastrow (2015) have also postulated that learning facilitated
xvi
by the ICT tools is more student-centered and self-directed that the other methods. The
duos also added that integrated instruction facilitates creativity in learning as the learners are
allowed to critically think during the instructional process. This kind of learners is again
exposed to variety of online sources thus having higher learning opportunities from the free
online programs. However, another group of researchers comprising of Harper and Milman
(2016) shows that these students learning online are exposed to certain unhealthy websites
and get imposed to immorality at a tender age.xvii Kelley and Knowles (2016) also added that
lack of capitals, inaccessibility, and illiteracy are some of the hindering factors towards
Conclusion
Integration of ICT tools in education has expanded the sector besides making the
sector flexible for learning activities. The researches done recently have shown that majority
assessments. The use of the instructional technology in teaching and learning makes the
process itself enjoyable besides availing numerous digital resources for the learners to choose
from. The learning becomes flexible as one can learn from wherever location he or she likes
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as the physical instruction is minimised (Domingo and Garganté, 2016). The learning also
is more of learner-centered as it is the learner that does a lot of the researches. Unfortunately,
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there are some areas that still experiences a blackout in terms of technological advancement.
These kinds of institutions face challenges that arise from within themselves and from the
Recommendation
In order to solve some of these challenges, the following recommendations are vital for the
i. The state should ensure an equivalent distribution of resources to all parts within its
ii. Technological education should be provided by the state to such areas and people be
encouraged to seek for ICT literacyxxi (Bryan, Moore, Johnson and Roehrig, 2015).
iii. Provisions of several workshops aiming at training teachers on the operation of some
common and most vital ICT gadgets like computers xxii(Anglin, 1995).
iv. Supporting the education curriculum with the ICT related information so that teachers
vi. Proper channeling of funds meant for the institution’s technological advancement by
i
Rom, M., & Jain, J. (2016). The importance of Information and Communication Technology in English learning:
indigenous students' perspectives. Malaysian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 87-101.
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ii
Tondeur, J., van Braak, J., Siddiq, F., & Scherer, R. (2016). Time for a new approach to prepare future teachers
for educational technology use: Its meaning and measurement. Computers & Education, 94, 134-150.
iii
Ryan, t., & Bagley, g. (2015). Nurturing the integration of technology in education. Journal of
iv
Webster, T. E. (2018). On Being Earnest: The Importance of Engaging With Technology in Education.
International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT), 8(4), 1-12.
v
Rom, M., & Jain, J. (2016). The importance of Information and Communication Technology in
vi
Tondeur Responding to challenges in teacher professional development for ICT integration in
education. Educational Technology and Society, 19(3), 110-120., J., Forkosh-Baruch, A., Prestridge, S.,
vii
Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education. International
Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 11.
viii
Saettler, P. (2018). A history of instructional technology.
ix
Domingo, M. G., & Garganté, A. B. (2016). Exploring the use of educational technology in primary education:
Teachers' perception of mobile technology learning impacts and applications' use in the classroom. Computers
in Human Behavior, 56, 21-28.
x
Spector, J. M. (2015). Foundations of educational technology: Integrative approaches and interdisciplinary
perspectives. Routledge.
xi
Spector, J. M. (2015). Foundations of educational technology: Integrative approaches and
interdisciplinary perspectives. Routledge
xii
Wiziack, J. C., & dos Santos, V. D. (2016, June). Incorporating technology into education processes:
Proposal for an extension of the “Technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge” framework by
applying integrated cognitive competencies. In 2016 11th Iberian Conference on Information Systems
xiii
Harper, B., & Milman, N. B. (2016). One-to-one technology in K–12 classrooms: A review of the literature
from 2004 through 2014. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 48(2), 129-142.
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xiv
Webster, T. E. (2018). On Being Earnest: The Importance of Engaging With Technology in
xv
Martínez Rivera, Ó., & Duță, N. (2015). Between theory and practice: the importance of ICT in
Higher Education as a tool for collaborative learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015,
Núm 180.
xvi
Kruss, G., McGrath, S., Petersen, I. H., & Gastrow, M. (2015). Higher education and economic
xvii
Harper, B., & Milman, N. B. (2016). One-to-one technology in K–12 classrooms: A review of the
literature from 2004 through 2014. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 48(2), 129-142.
xviii
Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM
xix
Domingo, M. G., & Garganté, A. B. (2016). Exploring the use of educational technology in primary
education: Teachers' perception of mobile technology learning impacts and applications' use in the
xx
Ciampa, K. (2017). Building bridges between technology and content literacy in special education:
Lessons learned from special educators’ use of integrated technology and perceived benefits for
xxi
Bryan, L. A., Moore, T. J., Johnson, C. C., & Roehrig, G. H. (2015). Integrated STEM education.
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xxii
Anglin, G. J. (1995). Instructional technology: Past, present, and future. Libraries Unlimited, Inc.,
xxiii
Alexander, B., & Vladislav, B. (2015). Structure and content of the educational technology of
managing students' healthy lifestyle. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(3), 362
xxiv
Akçayır, M., & Akçayır, G. (2017). Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality
for education: A systematic review of the literature. Educational Research Review, 20, 1-11.
References
Akçayır, M., & Akçayır, G. (2017). Advantages and challenges associated with augmented
Alexander, B., & Vladislav, B. (2015). Structure and content of the educational technology of
Anglin, G. J. (1995). Instructional technology: Past, present, and future. Libraries Unlimited,
Bryan, L. A., Moore, T. J., Johnson, C. C., & Roehrig, G. H. (2015). Integrated STEM
Ciampa, K. (2017). Building bridges between technology and content literacy in special
14
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Domingo, M. G., & Garganté, A. B. (2016). Exploring the use of educational technology in
Harper, B., & Milman, N. B. (2016). One-to-one technology in K–12 classrooms: A review
Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM
Kruss, G., McGrath, S., Petersen, I. H., & Gastrow, M. (2015). Higher education and
Martínez Rivera, Ó., & Duță, N. (2015). Between theory and practice: the importance of ICT
Rom, M., & Jain, J. (2016). The importance of Information and Communication Technology
Ryan, t., & Bagley, g. (2015). Nurturing the integration of technology in education. Journal
15
Technology in Education 16
Sandars, J., Patel, R. S., Goh, P. S., Kokatailo, P. K., & Lafferty, N. (2015). The importance
Scherer, R., Tondeur, J., Siddiq, F., & Baran, E. (2018). The importance of attitudes toward
Tondeur, J., Forkosh-Baruch, A., Prestridge, S., Albion, P., & Edirisinghe, S. (2016).
Tondeur, J., Van Braak, J., Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2017). Understanding
Tondeur, J., van Braak, J., Siddiq, F., & Scherer, R. (2016). Time for a new approach to
prepare future teachers for educational technology use: Its meaning and
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Wiziack, J. C., & dos Santos, V. D. (2016, June). Incorporating technology into education
Title ……………………………………………………
Abstract ………………………………………………..
Introduction ………………………………………………
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Conclusion ………………………………………………………
Recommendation ……………………………………………………………………………
References
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Appendix 1 …………………………………………………………………………………
Appendix 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………
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