PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

This portion of the paper presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered

by the researchers. The data are presented in tabular and graphical form for easier

comprehension.

Figure 1. Traffic flow map

This figure shows the flow of traffic at the intersection of Rizal Avenue and P. Gomez

Street. At point 1, there are two traffic flows moving from North and East bound. Flows are

moving into Westward, in the direction along Western nautical Highway. At point 2, there are

Traffic Case Study

also two traffic flows moving from North and East bound. Flows are moving into Southward

Time 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m.

Road 1 Road 2 Road 3 Road 4
Classification of Vehicle (W) (S) (E) (N)
Bicycle 12 0 11 1
Motorcycle 166 22 132 56
Car/Private Type Jeepney 189 22 184 27
Pedicab 2 0 1 1
Tricycle 10 71 3 78
Jeepney 74 103 164 14
Multicab/Rusco 7 0 3 4
Van 9 0 9 0

direction.

Table 1: Traffic Volume in a One-Hour Interval

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 Standard Bus 0 0 0 0
School/ Company/ TouristTime
Service 2 0 a.m. - 8:002a.m.
7:00 0
Road 1 Road 2 Road 3 Road 4
Pick-up/Delivery
Classification of Vehicle 2
(W) 1(S) 3 (E) 0(N)
Vehicle(including Delivery Jeep)
Bicycle 19 3 21 1
Motorcycle 218 39 229 28
Trucks 2 0 0 2
Car/Private
Others (E.g.Type Jeepney
Ambulance, 226
1 0 19 0219 128
Firetruck,
Pedicabetc.) 0 0 0 0
Total
Tricycle 476
2 219
100 5120 184
102

Table 1.1: Traffic Volume during 6am to 7am.

It can be shown from the table above that there are 184 vehicles moving from North to

South and West direction. By analyzing the above data,

Road 1 + Road 2 - Road 3 = Road 4

476 vehicles + 219 vehicles – 512 vehicles = 183 vehicles

It appears that 183 vehicles passed from road 4. However, one jeepney parked into the

side at Road 4 during 6am to 7 am.

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 Jeepney 103 135 208 30
Multicab/Rusco 8 4 12 0
Time 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 a.m.
Van 18 1
Road Road22 Road18 3 Road2 4
Classification of Vehicle
Standard Bus 0
(W) 0
(S) (E)0 (N)0
Bicycle
School/ Company/ Tourist Service 15
0 50 130 70
Motorcycle 232 56 231 57
Car/Private Type Jeepney
Pick-up/Delivery 333
13 221 296
10 59
4
Vehicle(including Delivery Jeep)

Trucks 1 2 1 2
Others (E.g. Ambulance, 2 0 2 0
Firetruck, etc.)
Total 610 305 720 197

Table 1.2: Traffic Volume during 7am to 8am.

Based from the table above, there are 610 vehicles passing from North to South and

West direction. By analyzing the above data,

Road 4 + Road 3 - Road 2 = Road 1

197 vehicles + 720 vehicles – 305 vehicles = 612 vehicles

It appears that 612 vehicles moved into Road 1. However, two private car parked into

RCBC Savings Bank located on Road 1 during 7am to 8 am.

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 Pedicab 1 0 0 1
Tricycle 0 88 2 86
Jeepney Time 87 12:00
126 a.m. - 1:00 a.m.
159 54
Multicab/Rusco Road
27 1 Road5 2 Road20 3 Road
12 4
Classification of Vehicle (W) (S) (E) (N)
Van
Bicycle 35
12 51 1014 22
7
Standard Bus 0 0 0 0
School/ Company/ Tourist Service 1 1 1 1

Pick-up/Delivery 8 3 9 2
Vehicle(including Delivery Jeep)

Trucks 5 1 1 5
Others (E.g. Ambulance, 4 2 6 0
Firetruck, etc.)
Total 748 310 752 306

Table 1.3: Traffic Volume during 11am to 12pm.

It is presented from the table above that 748 vehicles enter Road 1. 310 vehicles enter

on Road 2. 752 vehicles exit on Road 3. 306 vehicles exit on Road 4.

Road 1 = Road 4 + Road 3 - Road 2

748 vehicles = 306 vehicles + 752 vehicles – 310 vehicles

Road 2 = Road 4 + Road 3 – Road 1

310 vehicles = 306 vehicles + 752 vehicles – 748 vehicles

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 Motorcycle 228 38 200 66
Car/Private Type Jeepney 320 22 286 56
Pedicab 2 0 0 2
Tricycle 1 80 7 79
Jeepney 88 87 157 18
Multicab/Rusco 26 7 18 15
Van 19 1 18 2
Standard Bus 0 0 0 0
School/ Company/ Tourist Service 2 0 1 1

Pick-up/Delivery 10 4 8 6
Vehicle(including Delivery Jeep)

Trucks 1 0 0 1
Others (E.g. Ambulance, 9 0 9 0
Firetruck, etc.)
Total 718 244 709 253

Table 1.4: Traffic Volume during 12pm to 1pm

It can be seen from the table above that 718 vehicles enter Road 1. 244 vehicles enter

on Road 2. 709 vehicles exit on Road 3. 253 vehicles exit on Road 4.

Road 1 = Road 4 + Road 3 - Road 2

718vehicles = 253 vehicles + 709 vehicles – 244 vehicles

Road 2 = Road 4 + Road 3 – Road 1

244 vehicles = 253 vehicles + 709 vehicles – 718 vehicles

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Figure 2: Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume According to the Classification of Vehicle.

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 Table 2: Average Volume per Hour According to the Classification of Vehicle

in Each Roadway

Road 1
Direction
From: North and East
To: West
Time 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. - Average
Vehicle Volume
7:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m. 1:00 p.m.
Classification per Hour
1. Car/Private Type
189 226 333 320 267
Jeepney
2. Motorcycle 166 218 232 228 211
3. Jeepney 74 103 87 88 88
4. Van 9 18 35 19 20.25
5. Multicab/Rusco 7 8 27 26 17
6. Bicycle 12 19 15 12 14.5
7. Pick-up/Delivery
Vehicle(including 2 13 8 10 8.25
Delivery Jeep)
8. Others
(E.g. Ambulance, 1 2 4 9 4
Firetruck, etc.)
9. Tricycle 10 2 0 1 3.25
10. Trucks 2 1 5 1 2.25
11. Pedicab 2 0 1 2 1.25
12. School/
Company/ Tourist 2 0 1 2 1.25
Service
13. Standard Bus 0 0 0 0 0

Table 2.1: Average Volume per Hour According to Classification of Vehicle on Road 1

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 Road 1
Average Volume per Hour
According to Vehicle Classification
300

250

200

150

100

50

Figure 3.1: Average Volume per Hour According to Vehicle Classification

It is represented on the graph above that Car/Private type jeepney has the highest
average volume per hour on Road 1, having 267 vph. The second to the highest is Motorcycle
with an average volume of 211 vph and third is the jeepney with an average volume of 88
vph.

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 Road 2
Direction
From: North and East
To: South

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 Time Average
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. -
Vehicle Volume
7:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m. 1:00 p.m.
Classification per Hour
1. Jeepney 103 135 126 87 112.75
2. Tricycle 71 100 88 80 84.75
3. Motorcycle 22 39 56 38 38.75
4. Car/Private
22 19 22 22 21.25
type jeepney
5. Multicab/rusco 0 4 5 7 4
6. Bicycle 0 3 5 5 3.25
7. Pick-
up/Delivery
Vehicle(includ 1 1 3 4 2.25
ing Delivery
Jeep)
8. Van 0 2 1 1 1
9. Trucks 0 2 1 0 0.75
10. Others
(E.g. Ambulance, 0 0 2 0 0.5
Firetruck, etc.)
11. School/
Company/
0 0 1 0 0.25
Tourist
Service
12. Pedicab 0 0 0 0 0
13. Standard Bus 0 0 0 0 0
Table 2.2: Average Volume per Hour According to Classification of Vehicle on Roadway 2

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 Road 2
Average Volume per Hour
According to Vehicle Classification
120

100

80

60

40

20

Figure 3.2: Average Volume per Hour According to Vehicle Classification

It is represented on Figure 3.2 that Jeepney has the highest average volume per hour

on Road 2, having 112.75 vph. The second to the highest is Tricycle with an average volume

of 84.75 vph and third is the motorcycle with an average volume of 38.75 vph. These

jeepneys coming from East direction are travelling into South. Mostly, these are passenger

jeepneys going to Bauan, Batangas.

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 Roadway 3
Direction
From: East
To: West and South
Time Average
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. -
Vehicle Volume
7:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m. 1:00 p.m.
Classification per Hour
1. Car/Private type
184 219 296 286 246.25
jeepney
2. Motorcycle 132 229 231 200 198
3. Jeepney 164 208 159 157 172
4. Van 9 18 14 18 14.75
5. Bicycle 11 21 13 10 13.75
6. Multicab/rusco 3 12 20 18 13.25
7. Pick-up/Delivery
Vehicle(including 3 10 9 8 7.5
Delivery Jeep)
8. Others
(E.g. Ambulance, 0 2 6 9 4.25
Firetruck, etc.)
9. Tricycle 3 0 2 2 1.75
10. School/Company/
2 0 1 1 1
Tourist Service
11. Trucks 0 1 1 0 0.5
12. Pedicab 1 0 0 0 0.25
13. Standard Bus 0 0 0 0 0
Table 2.3: Average Volume per Hour According to Classification of Vehicle on Roadway 3

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 Road 3
Average Volume per Hour
Roadway
According to Vehicle 4
Classification
Direction
300
From: North
250 To: West and South

200

150

100

50

Figure 3.3: Average Volume per Hour According to Vehicle Classification

It is represented on Figure 3.3 that Car/Private type jeepney has the highest average

volume per hour on Road 3, having 246.25 vph. The second to the highest is Motorcycle with

an average volume of 198 vph and third is the jeepney with an average volume of 172 vph.

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 Time Average
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. -
Vehicle Volume
7:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m. 1:00 p.m.
Classification per Hour
1. Tricycle 78 102 86 79 86.25
2. Motorcycle 56 28 57 66 51.75
3. Car/Private type
27 28 59 56 42.5
jeepney
4. Jeepney 14 30 54 18 29

5. Multicab/rusco 4 0 12 15 7.75
6. Van 0 2 22 2 6.5
7. Bicycle 1 1 7 7 4
8. Pick-up/Delivery
Vehicle(including 0 4 2 6 3
Delivery Jeep)
9. Trucks 2 2 5 1 2.5
10. Pedicab 1 0 1 2 1
11. School/Company/
0 0 1 1 0.5
Tourist Service
12. Others
(E.g. Ambulance, 1 0 0 0 0.25
Firetruck, etc.)
13. Standard Bus 0 0 0 0 0

Table 2.4: Average Volume per Hour According to Classification of Vehicle on Roadway 4

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 Road 4
Average Volume per Hour
According to Vehicle Classification
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Figure 3.4: Average Volume per Hour According to Vehicle Classification

It is represented on Figure 3.4 that tricycle has the highest average volume per hour on

Road 4, having 86.25 vph. The second to the highest is Motorcycle with an average volume of

51.75 vph and third is the Car/Private type jeepney with an average volume of 42.5 vph.

Road 1 (to West)

Time Flow rate, q Computed Density, k Average Speed, u

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 (vph) (veh/km) (kph)
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 476 13.81 34.47
7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 610 27.11 22.50
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 748 72.26 10.35
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 718 55.26 12.99

Road 2 (to South)

Time Flow rate, q Computed Density, k Average Speed, u
(vph) (veh/km) (kph)
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 219 3.85 56.92
7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 305 6.18 49.35
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 310 6.34 48.91
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 244 4.46 54.72

Road 3 (from East)

Time Flow rate, q Computed Density, k Average Speed, u
(vph) (veh/km) (kph)
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 512 16.45 31.13
7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 720 56.18 12.82
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 752 75.20 10.00
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 709 51.43 13.79

Road 4 (from North)

Time Flow rate, q Computed Density, k Average Speed, u
(vph) (veh/km) (kph)
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 184 3.07 60.00
7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 197 3.35 58.86
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 306 6.21 49.26
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 253 4.69 53.93

Table 3: Relationship of Flow rate, Speed and Density

For the table presented above, calculations involved are:

flow rate (q)

Computed Density (k) =
average speed (us)

(𝑞−𝑞max) (𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑢min)

Interpolated value for the Average Speed = + 𝑢min
(𝑞𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝑞max)

(Computations for the Average speed are presented on Table 4)

Traffic Case Study

 Interpolated Value for
the Average Speed Flow Rate (vph) Rank
(kph)
34.47 474 8
22.50 610 6
10.35 748 2
12.99 718 4
56.92 219 14
49.35 305 11
48.91 310 9
54.72 244 13
31.13 512 7
12.82 720 3
10.00 752 1
13.79 709 5
60.00 184 16
58.86 197 15
49.26 306 10
53.93 253 12

Table 4: Relationship between the Average speed and Flow rate.

Maximum and Minimum FLOW RATE and SPEED

X (Flow Rate) Y (Speed)
752 10
184 60

Table 5: Maximum and Minimum Flow rate and Speed

It can be seen from the Table 4 that 752vph is the maximum flow rate and 184vph is

the minimum flow rate. The minimum density is 10kph and the maximum density is 60kph.

Through analyzing this data, the larger the number of vehicles per hour, the lesser the speed

of each vehicle can be obtained, due to traffic density.

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 Table 6: Regression Line for each Road

Road 1
40.00
35.00
30.00
Speed, kph

25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
y = -0.3938x + 36.663
5.00 R² = 0.9136
0.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00
Density, veh/km

Table 6.1: Regression Line for Road 1

Regression Line: u = a + bk
b -0.3938
a 36.6631
r -0.955801115

By plotting the average speed against density, the regression line can be obtained on

Table 6.1. The data appeared from the graph is b as 0.3938 and a as 36.6631.

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 Road 2
58.00
57.00
56.00
Speed, kph 55.00
54.00
53.00
52.00
51.00
50.00
y = -3.1926x + 69.095
49.00
R² = 0.9993
48.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Density, veh/km

Table 6.2: Regression Line for Road 2

Regression Line: u = a + bk
b -3.1926
a 69.0955
r -0.999641139

By plotting the average speed against density, the regression line can be obtained on

Table 6.2. The data appeared from the graph is b as 3.1926 and a as 69.0955.

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 Road 3
35.00
30.00
25.00
Speed, kph

20.00
15.00
10.00 y = -0.3781x + 35.767
5.00 R² = 0.9314
0.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00
Density, veh/km

Table 6.3: Regression Line for Road 3

Regression Line: u = a + bk
b -0.3781
a 35.7665
r -0.965101347

By plotting the average speed against density, the regression line can be obtained on

Table 6.3. The data appeared from the graph is b as 0.3781and a as 35.7665.

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 Route 4
70.00
60.00
50.00 y = -3.4157x + 70.298
Speed, kph R² = 0.9975
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Density, veh/km

Table 6.4: Regression Line for Road 4

Regression Line: u = a + bk
b -3.4157
a 70.2982
r -0.998736224

By plotting the average speed against density, the regression line can be obtained on

Table 6.4. The data appeared from the graph is b as 3.4157 and a as 70.2982.

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 Table 7: Summary for the Regression Analysis

Road 1
Number of Computed Average
Time Vehicles Density(k) Speed(u) k2 (k-k^)^2 (u-u^)^2
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 476 13.81 34.47 190.67 800.92 207.15
7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 610 27.11 22.50 735.01 224.94 5.86
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 748 72.26 10.35 5220.90 908.83 94.62
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 718 55.26 12.99 3053.75 172.97 50.22
Sum 2552.00 168.44 80.32 9200.33 2107.66 357.84
Mean 42.11 20.08
Regression Line: u = a + bk = 36.6631+ (-0.3938)k
Road 2
Number of Computed Average
Time Vehicles Density(k) Speed(u) k2 (k-k^)^2 (u-u^)^2
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 219 3.85 56.92 14.80 1.85 19.76
7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 305 6.18 49.35 38.20 0.95 9.77
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 310 6.34 48.91 40.17 1.28 12.71
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 244 4.46 54.72 19.88 0.56 5.04
Sum 1078.00 20.83 209.89 113.06 4.63 47.28
Mean 5.21 52.47
Regression Line: u = a + bk = 69.095 + (-3.1926)k
Road 3
Number of Computed Average
Time Vehicles Density(k) Speed(u) k2 (k-k^)^2 (u-u^)^2
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 512 16.45 31.13 270.57 1113.24 201.49
7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 720 56.18 12.82 3155.72 40.47 16.94
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 752 75.20 10.00 5655.04 644.44 48.06
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 709 51.43 13.79 2645.24 2.62 9.90
Sum 2693.00 199.26 67.73 11726.57 1800.77 276.38
Mean 49.81 16.93
Regression Line: u = a + bk = 35.7665 + (-0.3781)k
Road 4
Number of Computed Average
Time Vehicles Density(k) Speed(u) k2 (k-k^)^2 (u-u^)^2
6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 184 3.07 60.00 9.40 1.59 20.16
7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 197 3.35 58.86 11.20 0.96 11.19
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 306 6.21 49.26 38.59 3.54 39.06
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 253 4.69 53.93 22.01 0.13 2.51
Sum 940.00 17.32 222.04 81.21 6.23 72.92
Mean 4.33 55.51
Regression Line: u = a + bk = 70.2982 + (-3.4157)k

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Table 7 shows the summary for the regression analysis in each road. The calculations used

are:

∑ 𝑘𝑖 𝑢 − 𝑛𝑘𝑢
̅̅̅̅
𝑖
b= ̅2
∑ 𝑘𝑖 2 − 𝑛𝑘

a = 𝑢̅ − 𝑏𝑘̅

1
𝑠𝑢 2 = 𝛴 (𝑢𝑖 − 𝑢̅)2
𝑛−1

1
𝑠𝑘 2 = 𝛴 (𝑘𝑖 − 𝑘̅)2
𝑛−1

𝑠𝑘
r=b
𝑠𝑢

This values are close to -1.0, which means that the correlation between the two

variables (a and b) are very high.

Therefore, the regression line are presented below each regression analysis

table.

The negative sign confirms that as density increases, speed decreases.

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 a b km (veh/km) um (kph) qmax (vph)

Road 1
36.6631 -0.3938 46.5466 18.3316 853.271
Road 2
69.095 -3.1926 10.8213 34.5477 373.85
Road 3
35.7665 -0.3781 47.2988 17.8833 845.856
Road 4
70.2982 -3.4157 10.2905 35.1491 361.701

Table 8: Summary for Computed Maximum Density, Speed and Flow Rate

The parameters on Table 8 can be computed using these equations:

𝑎
um = (maximum speed)
2

𝑎
𝑏
km = ( ) (maximum density)
2

qmax = km x um (maximum flow rate)

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 Congestion Level Indicator (V/C ratio)

Low or No Congestion V/C < 0.5

Moderate Congestion 0.5 ≤ V/C < 0.74

Heavy Congestion 0.75 ≤ V/C < 1.0

Severe Congestion V/C≤1.0

Table 9: Volume Capacity Ratio Indicator

Level of Service
Average
Volume per qmax
Road hour (vph) V/C Ratio Remarks LOS
Heavy
Road 1 638 853.271 0.75 Congestion D
Moderate
Congestion
Road 2 269.5 373.85 0.72 C
Heavy
Congestion
Road 3 673.25 845.856 0.80 D
Moderate
Congestion
Road 4 235 361.701 0.65 B

Table 10: The Level of Service in each Road

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟

VCR = 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥

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 Based from Table 10, it can be observed that Road 1 and Road 2 which are

both the major road have the degree of heavy congestion. Road 2 and Road 4 which

are both the minor road have the degree of moderate congestion.

It appears that the Level of Service for Road 1 and Road 3 is LOS D which

shows that the level of comfort and convenience provided approaches an unstable

flow. Speed and freedom to maneuver are severely restricted, and driver experiences a

generally poor level of comfort and convenience. Small increases in traffic flow will

generally cause operational problems.

Road 2 has an LOS C which shows that the level of comfort is still in zone of

stable flow, but speed and maneurability are most closely controlled by higher

volumes. Most of the drivers are restricted in the freedom to select their own speed,

lane changing or overtaking maneuvers. The level of service and convenience declines

noticeably at this level.

Road 4 has an LOS B which indicates that the level of comfort and

convenience provided is somewhat less than at LOS A. Zone of stable flow with

operating speeds beginning to be restricted somewhat by traffic conditions. Driver will

have reasonable freedom to select their speed but there is a decline in freedom to

maneuver within the traffic stream from LOS A.

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